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GARDENING
PREPARATION, PLANTING, CARE
Owen Miller
Master Gardener
Weston County Extension Service
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SEEDBED
LOOSE GRANULAR STRUCTURE FREE OF CLODS, OLD STEMS, ETC.
OVERWORKING DESTROYS STRUCTURE
WORKING TOO WET DESTROYS STRUCTURE
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FERTILIZATION
POUNDS NUTRIENT/1000 FT2
PRIMARY CONCERN Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P)
FERTILIZER BAG LABEL Percentages of N, P, & Potassium (K)
25-5-510-10-10
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FERTILIZER CALCULATIONRecommendation: N – 2.4 lb./1000 sq.
ft.Garden Size: 20’ X 30’Fertilizer Used: 25-5-5 (N-P-K)100% / 25% = 4 lbs. fert. for a lb. of N2.4 lbs. N needed X 4 lbs. fert. = 9.6
lbs. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.20’ X 30’ = 600 sq. ft. in garden
600 / 1000 = 0.6 1000s
0.6 1000s X 9.6 lbs. fert. per 1000 sq. ft. = 5.76 lbs. fert. (6 lbs.)
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FERTILIZER CALCULATION (cont.)
Same recommendationSame gardenFertilizer used: 10-10-10100% / 10% = 10 lbs. fert. for a lb. of N2.4 lbs. N needed X 10 lbs. fert. = 24
lbs. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.0.6 1000s X 24 lbs. fert. per 1000 sq.
ft. = 14.4 lbs. fert. (14½ lbs.)
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FERTILIZER SAMPLE PROBLEM
Garden size: 25’ X 50’Fertilizer recommendation: 4.3 lb N
per 1000 sq. ft.Fertilizer purchased: 20-8-5Calculate how much to apply to your
garden.
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FERTILIZER SAMPLE PROBLEM SOLUTION
25 ft. X 50 ft. = 1250 sq. ft.1250 sq. ft. / 1000 = 1.25 1000s of sq. ft.100% / 20% = 5 lbs. of fert. for 1 lb. of N4.3 lb. N recommended X 5 lb. fert. for a
lb. of N = 21.5 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.21.5 lb. fert. for 1000 sq. ft. X 1.25 1000s
of sq. ft. = 26.875 (27) lb. fert. needed for the garden
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TIMING
NEWCASTLE GROWING SEASON - 101-136 days
PLANT WHEN GROUND IS WARM Cool seasons earlier
Radishes, carrots, beans, potatoes, onions, peas, etc.
Warm seasons later - warm nightsSquash, pumpkins, melons, etc.
LENGTHEN SEASON W/ INDOOR OR COLD FRAME PLANTING
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WHAT TO PLANT
HARDINESS ZONE 3b-4a
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USDA PLANT HARDINESS ZONES
UNITED STATES
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USDA PLANT HARDINESS ZONES
WYOMING
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WHAT TO PLANT (cont.)
DISEASE AND INSECT RESISTANCE Tomato
V - Verticillium wilt resistantF - Fusarium wilt resistantN - Nematode resistantT - Tobacco mosaic virus resistant
PRECIPITATION 14”ELEVATION 5000’
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SEED QUALITY
USE NEW SEED Store 2-3 years in refrigerator
HIGH QUALITY SEED, WELL KNOWN SUPPLIER
PLANTING DEPTH
SMALL SEED - SHALLOW
LARGE SEED - DEEPER
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GERMINATION
REQUIRES:ADEQUATE MOISTURESUFFICIENT TEMPERATUREOXYGEN
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WATERING
WATER AT SEEDINGLIGHTLY & OFTEN UNTIL SEEDLINGS EMERGEAFTER ESTABLISHMENT
Less often, longer periods Check soil 1”-2” below surface
OVERWATERING Yellowing, root rot, fungus
UNDERWATERING Stunting, wilting, leaf burning, small or shriveled
fruit
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THINNING
NECESSARY FOR SMALL SEEDED CROPS WHICH CANNOT BE PLANTED FAR ENOUGH APART
AFTER SEEDLINGS WELL ESTABLISHED, LEAVE STRONGEST
USE THINNED PLANTS IN SALADS, ETC.
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REPLANTING, STAGGERING
SHORT SEASON CROPS CAN BE REPLANTED SEVERAL TIMES Radish
STAGGER PLANTING TO EXTEND HARVEST Plant more every 7-10 days Lettuce, Corn
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WEEDING
WHY? Competition for water & nutrients Prevents weeds from going to seed or
reproducing
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PLANTING BALLED ROOTS
CAREFULLY CHOOSE SITE Mature size Roots beyond fall line Sidewalks, driveways, sewers, buildings,
etc. Water available Soil
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PLANTING BALLED ROOTS (cont.)
MAY BUILD WATER WELLSTAKE IF NEEDED 1ST AND 2ND YEARDEEP WATER EACH SUMMER MONTH
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PLANTING BARE ROOTS
KEEP ROOTS DAMPSAME HOLE PROPORTIONS AS
BALLED ROOTSMALL MOUND OF SOIL IN CENTERPLACE TREE AND SPREAD ROOTSFILL & COMPLETE AS BALLED ROOT
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PRUNING FRUIT TREES
PROVIDES ROOM, LIGHT, ENERGY FOR FRUIT
LARGER, HEATHIER FRUITVERTICAL
Ladder 8”-12” apart
RADIAL Wheel spokes
MAIN LEADER TO SIDE BRANCH WHEN DESIRED HEIGHT IS REACHED
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PRUNING FRUIT TREES (cont.)
CROTCHES 45° OR MOREREMOVE ALL DEAD, INJURED, DYINGELIMINATE DOUBLE TOPSREMOVE RUBBING, CROSS-OVERSDO NOT REMOVE MORE THAN -
LIVE WOOD
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Inside view of pruning cuts that removed collar (flush cut) left, and proper cut, right.
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