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Futu
re o
f bio
fuel
s–
An
agric
ultu
ral p
olic
y pe
rspe
ctiv
e
EB
B G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
Bru
ssel
s, 1
7th
Nov
embe
r201
1A
ndre
as P
ilzec
ker,
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on
(Dire
ctor
ate-
Gen
eral
for A
gric
ultu
re)
Out
line
•R
ole
of a
gric
ultu
re fo
r bio
ener
gy–
Per
spec
tives
202
0 an
d 20
50•
The
CA
P 2
014-
2020
pro
posa
ls: L
inks
to
biof
uels
?•
Furth
erch
alle
nges
and
opp
ortu
nitie
s
Key
role
of a
gric
ultu
re•
woo
dsy
stem
pot
entia
lis
basi
cally
fixed
•sa
me
for o
rgan
icw
aste
•ge
nuin
ely
new
pot
entia
lfro
mde
dica
ted
crop
s/w
aste
&re
sidu
esfro
mag
ricul
ture
•bu
t unc
erta
inty
isve
ryhi
gh
NR
EA
PS
: Exp
ecte
dbi
omas
sso
urce
sPr
imar
y en
ergy
from
bio
mas
s su
pply
(kto
e)
0
2000
0
4000
0
6000
0
8000
0
1000
00
1200
00
1400
00
2006
2015
2020
Biom
ass
from
Was
te
Biom
ass
from
Agr
icul
tura
l and
Fish
ery
Biom
ass
from
For
estry
NR
EA
PS
: Bio
mas
sso
urce
s(II)
•W
here
as a
bout
hal
f of t
otal
agr
icul
tura
l bi
oene
rgy
in 2
020
will
com
e fro
m th
e su
bcat
egor
y "e
nerg
y cr
ops"
, mai
nly
driv
en
by th
e 10
% R
E ta
rget
for t
rans
port.
..•
...th
e ot
her h
alf w
ill co
me
from
the
seco
nd
subc
ateg
ory
"agr
icul
tura
l was
te a
nd
resi
dues
" whi
ch is
exp
ecte
d to
gro
w e
ven
fast
er th
an th
e fo
rmer
Low
-car
bon
Eco
nom
y20
50•
Bio
fuel
sar
e im
porta
nt to
dec
arbo
nise
tran
spor
t, al
thou
gh m
ost o
f the
redu
ctio
ns in
em
issi
ons
will
be
del
iver
ed b
y im
prov
ed e
ffici
ency
and
el
ectri
ficat
ion.
•
Aro
und
46 M
toe
of b
iofu
els
(or 2
5% o
f tot
al
ener
gy u
sed
in ro
ad tr
ansp
ort)
used
for r
oad
trans
port
in 2
050.
•
In th
e av
iatio
n se
ctor
ele
ctrif
icat
ion
is n
ot a
n op
tion,
resu
lting
in b
iofu
elus
e in
205
0 at
aro
und
25 M
toe
(or 4
2% o
f tot
al e
nerg
y us
ed in
avi
atio
n)
356
212
90To
tal
2612
2•Im
port
8763
25•W
aste
5951
40•F
ores
try
4932
17•A
gric
ultu
ral r
esid
ues
(incl
udin
g bl
ack
liquo
r)
127
400
•Of w
hich
2nd
gene
ratio
n cr
ops
134
535
•Cro
ps
2050
20
30
2005
EU
Bio
mas
s pr
oduc
tion
(Mio
toe)
The
CA
P 2
014-
2020
pro
posa
ls:
Link
s to
bio
fuel
s?
Cha
lleng
esR
espo
nd to
the
futu
re c
halle
nges
for
agric
ultu
re a
nd ru
ral a
reas
and
to m
eet t
he
obje
ctiv
es s
et fo
r the
CA
P:
1) v
iabl
e fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n;
2) s
usta
inab
le m
anag
emen
t of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s an
d cl
imat
e ac
tion;
and
3)
bal
ance
d te
rrito
rial d
evel
opm
ent.
(Com
mun
icat
ion
on th
e C
AP
tow
ards
202
0)
Bud
geta
ryA
spec
ts•
The
MFF
pro
posa
l pro
vide
s th
at a
sig
nific
ant p
art o
f the
E
U b
udge
t sho
uld
cont
inue
to b
e de
dica
ted
to
agric
ultu
re.
•C
AP
pro
posa
l: E
UR
317
.2 b
illio
n al
loca
ted
to P
illar
I (d
irect
pay
men
ts a
nd m
arke
t mea
sure
s) a
nd E
UR
101
.2
billi
on to
Pill
ar II
(rur
al d
evel
opm
ent,
EA
FRD
) ove
r the
20
14-2
020
perio
d.•
The
Pill
ar I
and
Pill
ar II
fund
ing
is c
ompl
emen
ted
by
addi
tiona
l fun
ding
of E
UR
17.
1 bi
llion
, the
reof
EU
R 5
.1
billi
on fo
r res
earc
h an
d in
nova
tion.
•E
U F
unds
(incl
. EA
FRD
) are
pla
ced
unde
rthe
Com
mon
S
trate
gic
Fram
ewor
k
Dire
ct P
aym
ents
•S
ingl
e sc
hem
e•
Cro
ss-c
ompl
ianc
ere
-info
rced
and
sim
plifi
ed•
«gr
een
»el
emen
t•
Lim
ited
volu
ntar
y(c
oupl
ed) d
irect
pay
men
ts•
Lim
ited
youn
gfa
rmer
paym
ent
•S
impl
ified
for s
mal
lfar
mer
s
Dire
ct P
aym
ents
Thirt
y pe
rcen
t of d
irect
pay
men
ts ti
ed to
gre
enin
g,
ensu
re th
at a
ll fa
rms
deliv
er e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd
clim
ate
bene
fits
thro
ugh:
•th
e re
tent
ion
of s
oil c
arbo
n an
d gr
assl
and
habi
tats
ass
ocia
ted
with
per
man
ent p
astu
re,
•th
e de
liver
y of
wat
er a
nd h
abita
t pro
tect
ion
by
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of e
colo
gica
l foc
us a
reas
and
•
impr
ovem
ent o
f the
resi
lienc
e of
soi
l and
ec
osys
tem
s th
roug
h cr
op d
iver
sific
atio
n.
•A
vol
unta
ry c
oupl
ed s
uppo
rt sc
hem
e is
pro
vide
d fo
r spe
cific
type
s of
farm
ing
or s
peci
fic
agric
ultu
ral s
yste
ms
whi
ch a
re e
xper
ienc
ing
certa
in d
iffic
ultie
s an
d w
hich
are
par
ticul
arly
im
porta
nt fo
r eco
nom
ic a
nd/o
r soc
ial r
easo
ns•
supp
ort i
s pr
ovid
ed to
the
exte
nt n
eces
sary
to
mai
ntai
n cu
rren
t lev
els
of p
rodu
ctio
n (u
p to
5%
of
ann
ual n
atio
nal c
eilin
g w
ith th
e po
ssib
ility
to
go b
eyon
d th
is in
par
ticul
ar c
ases
)
Rur
al D
evel
opm
ent
•R
ural
dev
elop
men
t pol
icy
reta
ins
the
long
-term
stra
tegi
c ob
ject
ives
of c
ontri
butin
g to
the
com
petit
iven
ess
of
agric
ultu
re, t
he s
usta
inab
le m
anag
emen
t of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s an
d cl
imat
e ac
tion
and
the
bala
nced
terr
itoria
l de
velo
pmen
t of r
ural
are
as.
•In
line
with
the
Eur
ope
2020
stra
tegy
, the
se o
bjec
tives
ar
e gi
ven
mor
e de
taile
d ex
pres
sion
thro
ugh
six
EU
-wid
e pr
iorit
ies.
•Th
ese
prio
ritie
s sh
ould
be
the
basi
s of
pro
gram
min
g, i.
e.
the
proc
ess
of o
rgan
isat
ion,
dec
isio
n ta
king
and
al
loca
ting
the
finan
cial
reso
urce
s in
tend
ed to
impl
emen
t, on
a m
ulti-
annu
al b
asis
, the
join
t act
ion
by th
e U
nion
and
th
e M
embe
r Sta
tes.
Prio
ritie
sfo
r Rur
al D
evel
opm
ent
•fo
ster
ing
know
ledg
e tra
nsfe
r and
inno
vatio
n •
enha
ncin
g co
mpe
titiv
enes
s•
prom
otin
g fo
od c
hain
org
anis
atio
n an
d ris
k m
anag
emen
t in
agric
ultu
re•
rest
orin
g, p
rese
rvin
g an
d en
hanc
ing
ecos
yste
ms
•pr
omot
ing
reso
urce
effi
cien
cy a
nd s
uppo
rting
th
e sh
ift to
war
ds a
low
car
bon
and
clim
ate
resi
lient
eco
nom
y•
prom
otin
g so
cial
incl
usio
n
“Pro
mot
ing
reso
urce
effi
cien
cy a
nd s
uppo
rting
the
shift
tow
ards
a lo
w c
arbo
n an
dcl
imat
e re
silie
nt e
cono
my”
(a) i
ncre
asin
g ef
ficie
ncy
in w
ater
use
by
agric
ultu
re;
(b) i
ncre
asin
g ef
ficie
ncy
in e
nerg
y us
e in
agr
icul
ture
and
fo
od p
roce
ssin
g;(c
) fac
ilita
ting
the
supp
ly a
nd u
se o
f ren
ewab
le s
ourc
es
of e
nerg
y, o
f byp
rodu
cts,
was
tes,
resi
dues
and
oth
er
non
food
raw
mat
eria
l for
pur
pose
s of
the
bio-
econ
omy;
(d) r
educ
ing
nitro
us o
xide
and
met
hane
em
issi
ons
from
ag
ricul
ture
;(e
) fos
terin
g ca
rbon
seq
uest
ratio
n in
agr
icul
ture
and
fo
rest
ry;
Mea
sure
sre
leva
nt to
bio
ener
gy•
Know
ledg
etra
nsfe
rand
info
rmat
ion
actio
ns (A
rt 15
)•
Inve
stm
enti
n ph
ysic
alas
sets
(Art
18)
•Fa
rman
d bu
sine
ss d
evel
opm
ent(
Art
20)
•A
ffore
stat
ion
and
crea
tion
of w
oodl
and
(exc
l. S
RC
and
fast
grow
ing
trees
for e
nerg
ypr
oduc
tion)
(Art
23)
•S
ettin
g up
of p
rodu
cerg
roup
s (A
rt 28
)•
Co-
oper
atio
n(in
clud
ing
clus
ters
, net
wor
ks a
nd
pilo
t pro
ject
s) (A
rt 36
)
Con
clus
ions
: CA
P•
Focu
s on
food
prod
uctio
n an
d fo
odse
curit
y•
No
supp
ort t
o bi
ofue
lsin
the
first
pill
arof
the
CA
P (d
ism
antli
ngof
sug
arqu
otas
hel
psth
e bi
oeco
nom
y)•
EA
FRD
: Sup
port
to n
on-fo
odcr
ops
redu
ced
(?),
stro
nger
focu
s on
non
-land
usi
ngbi
omas
s, a
ll no
n-fo
odus
es tr
eate
deq
ually
, muc
hst
rong
erfo
cus
on «
softw
are
»(k
now
ledg
e, c
oope
ratio
n)
Furth
erch
alle
nges
and
op
portu
nitie
s
Land
use
•Th
e E
U re
new
able
ener
gyta
rget
for
trans
port
incr
ease
scr
opar
ea g
loba
llyby
5.
2 m
ioha
or 0
.7%
•A
lthou
ghth
ere
may
be a
mpl
e id
lela
nd o
n th
isgl
obe:
Fer
tile
arab
le la
nd is
not a
re
new
able
reso
urce
.
Roa
dmap
to a
Res
ourc
e Ef
ficie
nt
Euro
pe
“Mile
ston
e: B
y 20
20, E
U p
olic
ies
take
into
ac
coun
t the
ir di
rect
and
indi
rect
impa
ct o
n la
nd u
se in
the
EU
and
glo
bally
, and
the
rate
of l
and
take
is o
n tra
ck w
ith a
n ai
m to
ac
hiev
e no
net
land
take
by 2
050”
Food
ver
sus
Non
-Foo
d•
JRC
(201
0): T
he E
U re
new
able
ener
gyta
rget
for
trans
port
incr
ease
sce
real
pric
esby
abo
ut 6
-10
%•
Low
-car
bon
econ
omy:
Cro
ppr
ices
in a
«cl
imat
eac
tion
»sc
enar
io a
re 5
0% h
ighe
rtha
nin
the
base
line.
•R
esou
rce
effic
ienc
y/fo
odw
aste
: Atl
east
one
th
irdof
the
calo
ries
getl
ostf
rom
field
to p
late
.
Agr
icul
tura
l iss
ues
•St
rong
ergr
owth
expe
cted
for e
than
olth
anfo
r bi
odie
sel
•R
educ
tion
of fo
od-c
rop
base
dan
d la
nd-u
sing
biof
uels
•B
alan
ced
appr
oach
: Eth
anol
vs
biod
iese
l, fo
odcr
op-b
ased
vs n
on-la
nd u
sing
biof
uels
, bio
fuel
svs
oth
erne
w R
E tr
ansp
ort t
echn
olog
ies
•S
usta
inab
ility
com
esfir
st –
tech
nolo
gy-n
eutra
lap
proa
ch
Agr
icul
tura
l iss
ues
•A
gric
ultu
re a
nd fo
rest
ry w
ill pl
ay a
n im
porta
nt ro
le in
pro
vidi
ng re
new
able
el
ectri
city
and
fuel
s, in
cl. b
iom
etha
nean
d (m
aybe
) ren
ewab
le h
ydro
gen
•Th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
new
RE
tech
nolo
gies
in
tran
spor
t cre
ates
opp
ortu
nitie
s.
