Future Networks and Servicesicc2011.ieee-icc.org/resource/ICC2011_decina.pdf · Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index , 2010 & Mobile 2011 2015 VoIP traffic = 1.5% mobile traffic

Future Networks and Services

Maurizio DècinaPolitecnico di Milano

Agenda

• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services

©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 2

The World in 2010: ICT facts and figures


‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10‘05

Billion

s of internet users

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

0

The world now boasts an estimated 5.3 billion mobile subscriptions, of which 3.8 billion are in the developing world. And Internet users have surpassed the 2‐billion mark.

*CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States

AfricaArab StatesCIS*EuropeAmericasAsia Pacific

Internet Users by Region

Internet Traffic Growth

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index , 2010 & Mobile 2011

2015 VoIP traffic = 1.5% mobile traffic & 0.4% total traffic


‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15Petabytes(101

2 ) per M

onth

VoIPGamingM2MP2PWeb/dataVideo

66%

21%

7,000

3,500

Mobile internet traffic92% CAGR 2010‐201534% CAGR 2009‐2014

Internet traffic trend

70

35

Exabytes

(101

5 )pe

r Mon

th

0‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14‘09

BusinessMobileManaged IPInternet

MobileManaged IPInternet

Consumer

4%

4%8%

17%

66%

Internet Value Chain


1,927 US $b

• 62% revenues from online services, 17% from connectivity• 62% revenues from business users, 38% from consumers• 80% business revenues from online services Source: AT Kearney,

2010. (Year 2008 data)

34

1,198

61

325

309

2008 Revenues

Content rights Online services

Enabling technology services

Connectivity User interface

• Video • Audio• Books• Gaming• Adult content• Editorial control

• Text, images, voice• Video

• Online billing & payments SP

• WEB hosting• Content mgmt• Web design/dev.

• Software• Media players• Internet

browsers

• PCs• Smart phones• Games consoles• Other Internet

Access HW• Operating Systems

• Online adv. Agencies/Networks

• Ratings/analytics

MEDIA RIGHTS OWNERS

UGC

Communications

General content

Search

Entertainment

Transactions

Support Tech.

Billing & payments

Advertising

Core network

Interchange

Retail Internet Access

Applications

Devices

Over The Top providers Telecom providers Interface providers

IEEE Technology Time MachineSymposium on Technologies Beyond 2020

• Cloud Computing • Internet of Things• Smart Grid• e‐Health • Intelligent Transportation

Systems

• Future Directions in Wireless

• Future Mobile Services

• Future of Silicon based Microelectronics

• Carbon Nanostructures and conducting Polymers in Electronics

• Energy Harvesting and Storage

• Advances in Biomedical Engineering

• Displays and Touch screens• Natural User Interfaces and

Augmented Reality


The Internet of the Future

Social NetworksSemantic WebInternet of ThingsWeb Services

Increasin

g Kn

owledge Networking

Increasing Social Networking

The Semantic Web(knowledge)

The Social Web(people)

The Ubiquitous Web(people & objects)

The Web(information)

After Nova Spivak, Radar Networks & Mills Davis, Project 10x


The Network of the Future


Internet Architecture & Network Technologies

Spectrum Efficient Radio Access

Application server

Optical switching

High Speed Broadband Access

Personal spaceAd‐Hoc mesh

relay

Cellular and beyond

Gateway

BroadcastCooperating Objects/Sensor

Networks

Public Internet

Opticaltransmission

Application server

Operator A

Operator B

Converged & Optical Networks

European Commission,Information Society & Media

Agenda



Athena/MinervaGoddess of Wisdom

Internet of Things & Context‐Aware Applications


1012 10111010 109 108 107

Consumer itemsPallet & cases

Home appliances

PeopleMachinery

ComputersHandheld devices

Source: Forrester Research, Ind. April 2006

People

Objects

TemperatureSensing

DataAssociation

DataFusion

WirelessSensing

VisonSensing

RFID Sensing

Pressure Sensing

ContextManagement

Service

DataAssociation

DataFusion

Location Aggregation

Context Aggregation

LocationManagement

Service

Internet with Things


Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth

Internet of Things

Internet of People

IndustrialPlants

Storage &Logistics

Vehicles &Transportation

Personal Sensors

Smart Buildings & Homes

e‐Health

Smart Meters

EnvironmentMonitoring &

Control

Mobile Services

Smart Cities

109

1012

SensingApplications

Internet of Things Technologies

Enabling Technologies• M2M interfaces & protocols• microcontrollers• wireless communications• RFID technology• energy harvesting technologies• sensors• actuators• location technology• software

Synergistic Technologies• geo‐tagging/geo‐caching• biometrics• machine vision• robotics• augmented reality• mirror worlds• tele‐presence & adjustable autonomy• life recorders and personal black‐boxes• tangible user interfaces• clean technologies

©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Mobile Services, Osservatorio Mobile Internet, May 10, 2011 12

Source: SRI Consulting Business Intelligence, 2010

WSN 6LoWPAN & ROLL


Extended LoWPAN

Local Server

SimpleLoWPAN

R

H

RH

R RR

HH

R

H

INTERNET

Backhaul linkRouter

Backbonelink

Ad‐hoc LoWPAN

RemoteServer

RH

RR

HH

R

H

RR

HH

H

Sources: 6LoWPAN, The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann, 2009

Routing Over Low power and Lossynetworks (ROLL)Standard routing algorithm for embedded appsApplication specific requirements

• Home automation• Commercial building automation• Industrial automation• Urban environment

IPv6‐LoWPAN Router StackEdgeRouter

EdgeRouter

Router

Representing & Identifying Things


• Any Virtual Object is addressable• Every Virtual Object can be

dynamically associated to a User Identity

• Every user can have control over a specific virtualized object or aggregation of objects

• For each Real Object there is a representation in the cloud for duplications, synchronization, re‐creation of the object, etc.

• Actions and events on the Real Object act on network images and clones, and vice versa

Source: Dion Hinchcliffe, 2008

Real Object CloneNetworkRepresentation

Source: Roberto Saracco, 2010

u URItype format

Web markup HTML, XHTMLData XML, ATOM, JSONImages JPG, SVG, PNGVideo MPEG, AVI, H.264Code Jsvascript, SWF

WOA/Client

Interactvia HTTP

An Individual, UniquelyAddressable Resource

Web‐ OrientedArchitecture

(WOA)

ResourceExamples:Web pageCustomer OrdersProductsBlog postsStock quotesGeolocationsMap tilesHeadshotsCall recordsPodcastsAjax componentsWeb widgetsAdvertisementsOpenOffice docs

• Non exhaustive list ofpossible representations

• Links (URIs) to globally uniqueresources, in lieu of copies

Programming the Web of Things


Embedded Web ServicesCoRE, Constrained RESTful EnvironmentCoAP, Constrained Application ProtocolDPWS, Device Profile for Web Services Source: Lieven Trappeniers, 2009

WoT 3.0

Design effortLow

Low

High

High

User value

Web 1.0Top‐downapplications

Web 2.0Bottom‐upapplications

Internet of ThingsDiY

applications

Agenda



ICT‐enabled Emission Reduction


Total ICT‐enabled Reduction : 7.8 GtCO2e35% of Global 21.7 GtCO2e Reduction

28%

14%Industry

Transport Buildings

Energy

The Climate Group, SMART2020

27%

31%Smart logisticsPrivate transport optim.Dematerialization (telecom)Efficient vehiclesTraffic control

Smart motorsIndustrial process autom.Dematerialization (less waste production)

Smart logisticsSmart buildingsDematerialization (telecom)Smart grid

Smart gridEfficient generation of power, combined heat and power (CHP)

Cloud Computing for Consumers


MUSIC VIDEOS APPS/DOCS PHOTOS VOICE

“UNIFIED DIGITAL LOCKER”(*)

?(*) Morgan Stanley 2010

Fixed‐mobile cloud computing

Who is driving Consumer world?

Who is driving Business world?

Cloud Computing Standards


PRIVATE CLOUD HYBRID

CLOUD

Proprietary APIs

“STO

REFR

ONT”

PUBLIC CLOUD

StandardAPIs

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

MAN

AGEM

ENT

SECU

RITY

MODELLING

…

SAAS

IAAS

POSSIBLE FUTURE SCENARIO (CORPORATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES)

Proprietary APIs

CURRENT SCENARIO

CLOUD

Source: IBM, 2010

Standard or proprietary APIs

PAAS

Cross‐CloudAcross Vendors within a Cloud

SaaS PaaS IaaS

Cloud to Enterprise

ENTERPRISE

Within Enterprise

A crowded scene

Agenda



Hermes/MercuryMessenger of the Gods

God of Commerce

Next Generation Optical AccessTowards the Terabit/s


2010

Throug

hput

2012 2014

FSAN‐ITU Standards

XG‐PON1

NG–PON2

2.5 Gbit/s down1 .25 Gbit/s up Split max 1:128Up to 20 km

10 Gbit/s down2.5 Gbit/s upSplit max 1:128Up to 20 km

DWDM>40 Gbit/s down >10 Gbit/s upUp to 60 kmSplit max 1:512

GPONStacking

CWDMUp to 8 x 2.5/1.25 Gbit/sGPON

Wireless Access Towards the Gbit/s

©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Mobile Services, Osservatorio Mobile Internet, May 10, 2011 22

10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s1 kbit/s

CABLEREPLACEMENT

HOME, OFFICE,

PUBLIC ACCESS

CITY,SUBURBS

COUNTRY,REGIONWIDE

Rang

e

Bit Rate

WPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WAN

Wi‐Fi802.11b

LIMITED

FULL

Mobility

802.22

802.11a/g/n/ac/ad

WiMAX802.16a/e/m

UMTSEDGEGPRSGSM LTE/LTE‐AHSPA

UltraWideBand 802.15.3

Bluetooth802.15.1

ZigBee802.15.4

WRAN

Cloud Radio Access Network, CRAN


Coverage Area

Macro cellsMicro cells

Pico/Femto cells

User Capacity/Throughput

Central Unit CU(baseband, BBU)

RRU

RRU

RN

DWDM PON

DWDM PON

RRU

Micro/Pico Cell Cluster

RN

Common Public Radio Interface over Optical Networks

Micro/Pico Cell Cluster

DWDM PON

Micro Cell Cluster

DWDM RINGMacro 2G

Macro 3GMicro/Pico 3G

Macro LTEMicro/Pico LTE

HetNet

Converged Access and Aggregation


Optical Packet Backbone30 PoP AreasPoP A

BNAS

SNSNSN

Legacy GWOLO kdc

BB PoP BBNAS

SNSNSN

Legacy GW OLO kdc

ISw

BB

CNMobile

CNMobile

AgN

ON ON

ON

ANAccess Site

DWDM (mesh & ring)

AN

SN

AgN

ON

BB

Optical Node

Access Node

Aggregation Node

Service Node

BackBone Node

CDN

DPI

NAT

ISw Intra PoP Switch

Content Delivery

Deep Packet Inspection

Address Translation

SNSNSN SNSNSN

Access Site

ON

AN

AN

Access Site

ON

ANSN

CDN

Access Site

Access Site<

Access Site

AN AN AN

DPI, NAT & CacheBNAS blades

AgN

AgN

ISw

L1

L1

L2

L3

L3

NAT NAT

CDNDPI

CDNDPI

Cognitive Radio Applications


Source: Wang, Ghosh and Challapali, 2011Other: Smart Grid, Public Safety Networks

Primary user DB

Spectrum market

Cellular Networks

Cellular IPnetworkbackbone

Spectrum aggregation

Licensed spectrumLeased

spectrumUnlicensed spectrum

Hot Spots Femtocell

External IP network

Base StationFixed TVBD

Relay Station

Fixed or MobileTVBD

Mobile TVBD

Spectrum coordinator

Out hospitalIn hospital

Transit

Medical Body Area

Networks (MBAN)

Hospital

Hospital IT network

Body sensors

MBAN coordinator

E‐key to enableband I

Controller

Access point

Primary user (ATS) protection zone

WAN

Primary user DB

Body sensors

Controller

2.36‐2.40 GHz AMT Band Secondary UseTV White Spaces – IEEE 802.22

Band IIBand I + Band II

Agenda



Old and New Internet Models


Source: Craig Labowitz, Arbor Networks , April, 2011

NAP: Neutral Access PointIXP: Internet Exchange Point

Consumer and business customers

LocalAccess

Providers

Customer Networks

RegionalAccess

Providers

NationalBackbone Operators

NAPNAP

Tier 1 ISP

ISP2ISP1 ISP3

Settlement free

Pay for transit BW

Pay for access BW

ISP1

Customer Networks

Regional/Tier2

Providers

Global Internet Core

ISP2

“Hyper Giants”

Consumer and business customers

IXPIXP

ISP1

Global Transit/NationalBackbones

“Hyper Giants”Content, CDN, Consumer

Flatter and much more densely interconnected InternetDisintermediation between content and eyeball networks

New commercial models between content, consumer and transit

Managed Internet Services (QoS)


Cloud Computing

Internet of Things

Smart Grid

e‐Health

IntelligentVehicle

Transportation

The transformation of the energy sector (especially electricity) is based on a substantial supply of ICT infrastructure components able to "activate“ the energy transport network

The emerging need for health and social care (also associated with the growth of population life expectancy) finds in ICT a chance to increase effectiveness and efficiency

The spread of cheap and pervasive computing capacity and sensors opens the way for automation applications and mass market Web applications involving personal and public smart objects

ICT offers opportunities to support the growing need of security, safety and efficiency in the transportation sector, in particular for vehicles traffic automation and control

The evolution to on‐demand service models, enabled by virtualization and communication networks, offers the opportunity to further advanced scenarios of "utility computing "

Mobile NFC Applications


SECURE

Card Emulation ModeTransaction:Mobile payments, Ticketing, Access control, Transit, Top‐ups, Toll gate

Peer to peer CommunicationsConnectivity:Data transfer: fast, easy & convenient device association, setup & configuration

Reader ModeService Discovery:Content distribution, Information access, Smart advertising

Source: NFC Forum, 2008

Alcatel‐Lucent Wallet PhoneTata Docomo, Active Poster m‐HealthWave & Pay

Future Mobile Device


Sources: from

Qua

lcom

m, U

SI, 2010

Out the irrelevant

KNOWSYou and what is around you

LEARNSWhat you like

DISCOVERSThings relevant

to you

SENSINGLocal content & service discovery

SEEINGAugmented reality UI

Map, 3D, in building navigation

INTERACTINGConnection manager

FILTERS

Massive scale computations (billions of simultaneous transactions) needed to mash up personal data, preferences, real world data, and device capability

The Internet with ThingsSource: Roberto Saracco, 2011


Grazie!

Le tre Grazie

The Three GracesAntonio Canova

Documents

Future Networks and Servicesicc2011.ieee-icc.org/resource/ICC2011_decina.pdf · Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index , 2010 & Mobile 2011 2015 VoIP traffic = 1.5% mobile traffic