Source of microbes Food Drinks Spices Dishes Cutlery
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Dishwashers! Found in 40% of homes in UK They are perfect
breeding niche for fungi associated with potentially deadly
illnesses Study on 189 dishwashers in 101 different cities around
the world: 62 % of dishwashers contained fungi on the rubber band
in the door More than half of these included the black yeasts:
Exophiala dermatitidis Exophiala phaeomuriformis Scedosporium
apiospermum
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Source of many fungi Food, drinks and spices (Aspergillus,
Peinicillim And human own microflora (e.g. Candida)
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Could these microbes pass through intestinal barriers and reach
our internal organs ?
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Microbial translocation Microbial translocation is defined as
the passage of viable microbes from the gastrointestinal tract to
extra-intestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node, spleen,
liver, kidneys, and blood
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Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens Immune
deficiencies: AIDS Alteration of normal flora by antibiotics
Immunosuppressive therapy Cancer Examples: Candidiasis,
Cryptococcosis, Zygomycosis and Aspergillosis
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Candida albicans translocation J Infect Dis. 1993
Nov;168(5):1314-8. Inhibition of Candida albicans translocation
from the gastrointestinal tract of mice by oral administration of
Saccharomyces species
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Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens
AgentinfectionDissemination Blastomyces dermatitidis
BlastomycosisSkin and bone Later nervous system and visceral organs
Coccidioides immitisCoccidioidomycosisSkin, bones, joints,
subcutaneous tissues, and visceral organs Paracoccidioidoes
brasiliensis ParacoccidioidomycosisOro-nasal mucosa latter spleen,
liver, intestine and skin Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis
Acute pneumonia (cave disease) Chronic pneumonia (smoker)
Disseminated (immunocompromised) Primary cutaneous (lab
accidents)
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Treatment of invasive intestinal infections Depending on
causative agent: Amphotericin B Posaconazole or Voriconazole
(filamentous fungi) Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B or
Voriconazole (yeast infection) Amphotericin B (dimorphic and
zygomycetes)