FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200kaswanto.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2017/10/Wk-07-Plants-and-Planting... · FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200 ... Height up to 3

10/12/2014

1

DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTUREFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

PLANTS AND PLANTING DESIGN

FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTUREARL200

LECTUREWEEK EVERY MONDAY EVERY TUESDAY TOPICWK I 1‐Sep‐2014 2‐Sep‐2014 Introduction

Hi i l L dWK II 8‐Sep‐2014 9‐Sep‐2014 Historical LandscapeWK III 15‐Sep‐2014 16‐Sep‐2014 Scope and ScaleWK IV 22‐Sep‐2014 23‐Sep‐2014 Landscape Quality & ViewWK V 29‐Sep‐2014 30‐Sep‐2014 Landscape Characters WK VI 6‐Oct‐2014 7‐Oct‐2014 Tropical LandscapeWK VII 13‐Oct‐2014 14‐Oct‐2014 Plants

MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION: TUESDAY, OCT 21TUESDAY, OCT 21stst, 2014 at 10.30, 2014 at 10.30--12.3012.30

INTRODUCTIONThe plant is the main element of

the landscape, there is nolandscape without plants, even at rock garden there are also

Plants are the source of beauty, comfort, and for supporting the lifes

Plants are naturally beautiful, but the

at rock garden there are also plants surrounding.

Plants are naturally beautiful, but the setting up of plants in landscape is necessary to optimize the plant’s benefit in creating ideal landscape

FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200

C tt d fl f fl t

Kind of Plants that is needed by consumer

• Cutted flowers for flower arrangements• Plants for decorating some events• Plants for landscaping

10/12/2014

2

1 Physical characteristic

Landscape Plants Characteristic

1. Physical characteristicCharacteristics of plant organs are appreciated by human senses, including characteristics of the root, trunk, branch, heading, leaf, flower, fruit, spores.

2 Ecological/Horticultural Characteristic2. Ecological/Horticultural CharacteristicCharacteristics relating to the adaptation of plants on the environment grows, and cultivated crops


Plant organ that gives the PHYSICAL FEATURES appearance include :

• Growth pattern• Canopy architecture• Dimension (height, max diameter), shape,

color, texture, shadow• Scents soundsScents, sounds • Age• Deciduous • Function or utilization in landscape


Grouping the plants based on GROWTH PATTERN

• Grass• Groundcover• Shrubs• Tree• Climber• Epiphyte• Hemiepiphyte/Strangler


• Grass: species of family Poaceae (old name: Graminae) has stolon that spread on the ground, rhizom or umbibeneath the ground. Stepped proof.

• Ground cover plants: the plant has many branches, propagates, the heading covers the ground tightly. H i ht i l th 0 5Height is less than 0.5 m

10/12/2014

3

• Shrubs: do not have the main stem, branching a lot, or grouping with a lot of saplings, height up to 3 m

• Perdu: have main stem Height• Perdu: have main stem, Height up to 3 m (small perdu), up to 5 m (big perdu= small tree)

• Trees: main stem/trunk clearly looked, height > 5 m

• Climber: plants that can climb on objects which can be climbed, such as tree trunks, walls, pillars, bushland


• Epiphyte: plant that its roots stuck to the other plants, the root is not extending to the ground

• Hemiepiphyte or strangler: the plant originally as epiphyte then its roots extending to the ground to prop up a heading, and to take up water and nutrients. The roots pstrangle the host plants


Definition of Landscape Plants

The plant that is cultivated for structuring the landscape, it is containing natural plants that already been inside the site.

Plants however have the morphology that has beauty value and function/benefit that can be used in landscape.


No. Growth Pattern Example

1. Grass Axonopus compressus/ rumput paitan

Example

2. Ground cover plants Cuphea sp./Taiwan beauty

3.4.

ShrubsPerdu

Bougainvillea spp/BogenvilCaesalpinia pinata/Kb.merak

5. Trees Delonix regia/Flamboyan

6. Climber plants Ficus repens/Dolar-dolaran

7. Epiphyte Asplenium nidus/Kadaka

8. Hemiepiphyte Ficus elastica/Beringin karet


10/12/2014

4

Tree’s Canopy Shape

HEADING ARCHITECTURE (CANOPY)

Tree s Canopy Shape• Rounded• Dome• Columnar• Oval• Piramidal• Piramidal• Round and falling• V shape• Spread


Shrub’s heading shape

• Flat

• Round

• Mound

• Mound to round


Heading shape

Round PiramidalColumnarDome

Oval Falling V shape Spread


No. Kind of Shape

Example Use

Heading Shape

Shape1. Round Felicium decipiens Shade2. Dome Ficus benjamina Shade3. Columnar Canarium commune Referrer4. Piramidal Cupressus spp. Giving accent5 Oval Tamarindus indica Screen5. Oval Tamarindus indica Screen6. Falling Salix babilonica Giving accent7. V Shape Ravenala

madagascariensisGiving accent

8. Spread Delonix regia ShadeFUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200

10/12/2014

5

PLANT DIMENSION

1. Based on Height

2. Based on Diameter of Canopy


Height Grouping

No. Category Height (m) Example1. Big tree > 15 Pinus mercusiig2. Medium tree 6 - 15 Bauhinia purpurea3. Small tree(perdu) 3 - 6 Caliandra surinamensis4. Big shrubs > 3 Bougenvillea

spectabilis5. Medium shrubs 1.5 - 3 Lantana camara6 H b i 0 5 1 5 H li i itt6. Herbacious 0.5 – 1.5 Heliconia psittacorum7. Ground cover plants < 0.5 Philea sp8. High climber > 6 Mucuna bennetii9. Medium climber < 3-6 Leontodon leptosus


SHAPE

• Leave shape• Trunk shape• Branching shape• Flower shape• Rooting shape• Rooting shape• Specific modification of shape of leave,

branch, and trunk


COLOR

• The leaves color are very dominant than the trunk or branches.

• Old leaves color are various: single color, bicolor variegata green generally there arebicolor, variegata, green generally, there are other color such as red, yellow, purple or variegata.


10/12/2014

6

• There are dinamic color leaves: young leaves color are different with old leaves color such as: pink when it’s young and green when it’s old

• Flower color is strongly giving the beauty.

• Trunk color, stem, and some fruit species show special color.


No. Example of species Leaves color

LEAVES COLOR

1. Pisonia alba Yellow

2. Akalipha wilkesiana Rded, Yellow

3. Excocaria bicolor Green on top-red on bottom

4. Codieaum variegatum Variegata

5. Cupressus kasmirae Blue5. Cupressus kasmirae Blue

6. Dracena tricolor Red-Yellow-Green

7. Maniltoa gemmipara Light Pink-Green


1 Adaptation to environmental factors:

ECOLOGICAL/HORTICULTURAL CHARACTERISTIC

1. Adaptation to environmental factors:- Climate : Rain, Temperature, RH, Sun light

shines, wind speed- Soil, water, air, growth space, biotic

environment2 C lti ti i t2. Cultivation requirements:

- Multiplication- Maintenance


Based on the physical characteristics the plants

PLANT FUNCTION

1.Use to create comfortability2.Use for engineering the landscape quality

Based on the physical characteristics, the plants chosen for the specific use or function. Functions of plants include :

3.Use for architectural needs4.Use for beautification


10/12/2014

7

Description of plant function

1. Plants give shade, lowering the temperature, add moisture, hold the wind, resist glare, so it can control the comfortability

2. The plant improve environmental quality with ; controlling the erotion, controlling hidrology system, fixing the air quality, fixing the air scents, becoming the wild life habitat


3. For architectural needs, the plants are used to make a space, floor, walls, shelter, room

t b d d fseparator, border, screen, and referrer(direction).

4. For the beautification/aestheticComposition of color, shape, texture, size, volume, scents, harmonical sound, beauty.


A Total of environmental factors that are appropriate for a plant to make a plants habitat.

HABITAT

pp p p pLandscape plants habitat in Indonesia including tropical habitat :1. Salted Water2. Brackish Water3 Swamp Water3. Swamp Water4. Coastal Habitat5. Wet or Dry Lowlands6. Wet or Dry Highlands


Benefit of knowing the physical and ecological characteristic of each speciesecological characteristic of each species of plants:

Take the advantages of the various physical properties for designing to produce beautiful and functional landscape works and make aand functional landscape works and make a landscape with the plants that grow well and easily maintained.


10/12/2014

8

Types of plantings for beauty

1. Basic planting : the dominant plantation in an area, such as certain trees become dominant

2. Foundation planting: planting at the base of certain objects such as walls, pillars, base of the tree


3. Special effect planting: planting to accentuate certain characteristics of a plant, e.g. colors, flowers, etc

4. Transition planting: plantings to create a good gradation vertically from low, moderate to high

5. Alternate planting: planting the combination of some plants with particular pattern.


THANK YOU


Documents

FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200kaswanto.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2017/10/Wk-07-Plants-and-Planting... · FUNDAMENTAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARL200 ... Height up to 3