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issa
nce
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and’
s G
olde
n Ag
e
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ne Ca
rds
Cre
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u m
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ISBN: 978-1-68380-276-1
The
Rena
issa
nce
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
People living during the Renaissance were interested in the writing of great thinkers and writers from ancient Greece (2500s–300s BCE), such as Plato and Socrates.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
The architecture, art, and writings from ancient Rome (700s BCE–400s CE) also inspired people living during the Renaissance.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
In the late Middle Ages (1200s–1300s), Europe experienced the growth of towns, an increase in trade, and the rise of a money economy.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
The Italian Renaissance began in Italy in the mid-1300s.
Venice
FERRARA
LUCCA
SAVOY
FlorenceFLORENCE
TyrrhenianSea
Sicily
Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
Sard
inia
Cors
ica
FRANCE OTTOMANEMPIRE
Siena
Siena
Naples
KINGDOM O
F TWO SICILIES
Genoa
PAPALSTATES
Milan
Rome
REPUBLICOF VENICE
MODENA
MILAN MANTUA
The Italian Peninsula in the Renaissance
GENOA
S
W
0 200 miles
N
E
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
In the 1400s, trade expanded within Europe and between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 1: A New Dawn
Big Question: What factors helped bring about the age known as the Renaissance?
In about 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed movable type in Europe.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 2: From Artisan to ArtistIn the 1400s, Brunelleschi and Alberti invented the technique of perspective in painting, brilliantly demonstrated in Raphael’s School of Athens.
Big Question: What were some of the changes that occurred during the Renaissance for artists and the work they produced?
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 3: The Cradle of the Renaissance
Big Question: How did the success of merchants and bankers during the Renaissance benefit artists?
By 1429, Cosimo de’ Medici became the leader of the Medici family, which had banks in several important cities in Italy as well as in other European cities.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 3: The Cradle of the Renaissance
Big Question: How did the success of merchants and bankers during the Renaissance benefit artists?
1400s–1770s: Florence was governed by the Medici family.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 4: Rome and the Renaissance Popes
Big Question: How did the Roman Catholic Church use the many talents of Renaissance artists?
The great Renaissance painter Raphael lived from 1483 to 1520.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 5: Venice: Jewel of the Adriatic
Big Question: Why was Venice known as the “Jewel of the Adriatic” during the Renaissance period?
In about 1500, Venice was the leading commercial center in the Western world, controlling trade routes through Europe, the Middle East, and the rest of Asia.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 5: Venice: Jewel of the Adriatic
Big Question: Why was Venice known as the “Jewel of the Adriatic” during the Renaissance period?
The Renaissance painter Titian (left) lived from about 1485 to 1576. He painted many celebrated portraits of men and women, such as the one on the right.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 6: Leonardo da Vinci
Big Question: Why might Leonardo da Vinci be described as a symbol of the Renaissance?
The Renaissance man Leonardo da Vinci (below) lived from 1452 to 1519, and he painted such masterpieces as The Last Supper (left).
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 7: Michelangelo
Big Question: What does the art that Michelangelo created tell us about the Catholic Church at this time in history?
Michelangelo (left) was a master painter and sculptor who lived from 1475 to 1564. Among his greatest works is this sculpture of the Pieta (right).
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 8: Two “How-To” Men
Big Question: Why might people have been shocked by Machiavelli’s book The Prince?
In 1513, Machiavelli wrote The Prince. The printed version was first published in 1532.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 8: Two “How-To” Men
Big Question: Why might people have been shocked by Machiavelli’s book The Prince?
In 1528, Castiglione published The Courtier.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 9: The Renaissance in Northern Europe
Big Question: How did the ideas of the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe?
German artist Albrecht Dürer (left) lived from 1471 to 1528. He created many outstanding paintings and engravings, such as the one shown on the right.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 9: The Renaissance in Northern Europe
Big Question: How did the ideas of the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe?
Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes lived from 1547 to 1616.
THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER 9: The Renaissance in Northern Europe
Big Question: How did the ideas of the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe?
The English playwright and poet William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616.
The
Refo
rmat
ion
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
THE REFORMATION
Introduction: CHAPTER 1The Renaissance, which started in Italy in the 1400s, was a time of great artistic and literary achievement. Patrons of the arts and learning included the pope, the Catholic Church, and wealthy families, such as the Medicis.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 1: An Age of Change
Big Question: What were the obvious advantages of the development of the printing press?
In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg developed movable type in Europe.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 2: The Birth of Protestantism
Big Question: Why was Luther’s religious revolution more successful than earlier reformers’ attempts?
In 1517, Martin Luther attached a copy of his Ninety-five Theses, or statements, to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. These statements explained Luther’s religious ideas.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 3: The Spread of Protestantism
Big Question: Besides Lutheranism, what other Protestant religions developed in Europe?
John Calvin wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536. Calvin and his writings had major influences on the evolution of the Protestant revolution against the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 3: The Spread of Protestantism
Big Question: Besides Lutheranism, what other Protestant religions developed in Europe?
King Henry VIII of England established the Church of England when the pope refused to annul his marriage to his first wife, Catherine.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 4: A Revolution in Science
Big Question: How might scientific discovery have challenged religious belief?
In 1543, the Polish astronomer Copernicus published his revolutionary theory that Earth revolved around the sun. By placing the sun at the center of a system within a larger universe, with Earth moving around the sun, Copernicus’s theory called into question long held beliefs about the universe.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 4: A Revolution in ScienceGalileo built a more powerful telescope and confirmed Copernicus’s theory of the universe.
Big Question: How might scientific discovery have challenged religious belief?
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 4: A Revolution in Science
Big Question: How might scientific discovery have challenged religious belief?
In 1633, Galileo was condemned by the Church for heresy and was forced to recant his support of Copernicus’s theory.
THE REFORMATION
CHAPTER 5: Reform Within the Church
Big Question: What were the outcomes of the Counter-Reformation?
Ignatius Loyola and Pope Paul III were two leaders of the Counter-Reformation who worked to bring about reform within the Catholic Church.
Engl
and
in th
e G
olde
n Ag
e
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
Introduction: CHAPTER 1In 1517, Martin Luther attached his Ninety-five Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany.
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
Introduction: CHAPTER 1In 1534, Henry VIII of England broke from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England.
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 1: Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I (1533–1603) ruled England for almost half a century, raising her kingdom to a peak of glory.
Big Question: How did Queen Elizabeth I manage the conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 1: Elizabeth IWilliam Shakespeare (c. 1564–1616), one of the greatest English playwrights, wrote plays to entertain Elizabeth I and her successor.
Big Question: How did Queen Elizabeth I manage the conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 2: Britannia Rules the Waves
Big Question: Why might the Catholics in England have chosen to be loyal to their Protestant queen, rather than support King Philip of Spain?
Between 1577 and 1580, Sir Francis Drake robbed other ships’ treasures to give to Queen Elizabeth I of England.
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
In 1588, English ships defeated the Spanish Armada.
CHAPTER 2: Britannia Rules the Waves
Big Question: Why might the Catholics in England have chosen to be loyal to their Protestant queen, rather than support King Philip of Spain?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 3: The Civil WarAt Elizabeth’s death, James VI of Scotland became King James I of England in 1603.
Big Question: Why did Parliament distrust Charles I and his wife Henrietta?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 3: The Civil War
Big Question: Why did Parliament distrust Charles I and his wife Henrietta?
In 1607, a group of English colonists settled in Virginia and named their colony Jamestown, after King James I.
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 3: The Civil WarKing Charles I married Henrietta Maria, the Catholic daughter of the king of France, in 1625.
Big Question: Why did Parliament distrust Charles I and his wife Henrietta?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 3: The Civil WarDuring the English Civil War (1642–1651), the nobles who supported King Charles were called Cavaliers (left). Those who supported the Parliament were called Roundheads (right).
Big Question: Why did Parliament distrust Charles I and his wife Henrietta?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 4: The Puritan RulerCromwell led Parliament’s army to victory in the English Civil War, which ended in 1651. His troops, nicknamed Ironsides, never lost a battle.
Big Question: Why might Oliver Cromwell have once earned the reputation of being a dictator?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 4: The Puritan RulerCharles I was tried and executed in 1649.
Big Question: Why might Oliver Cromwell have once earned the reputation of being a dictator?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 4: The Puritan RulerIn 1653, Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of Great Britain.
Big Question: Why might Oliver Cromwell have once earned the reputation of being a dictator?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 5: Merry Monarch and BrotherIn 1660, the English Parliament invited Charles II back to England to be king. This period was known as the Restoration.
Big Question: Why did many people not want James II to be king?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 5: Merry Monarch and BrotherThe bubonic plague and the 1666 Great Fire of London created hardship and difficult times for many English people.
Big Question: Why did many people not want James II to be king?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 6: The Glorious RevolutionThe transfer of power in the late 1680s from James II to William of Orange and his wife, Mary, became known as the Glorious Revolution.
Big Question: Why was a foreign ruler invited to invade England?
ENGLAND IN THE GOLDEN AGE
CHAPTER 6: The Glorious RevolutionIn the late 1680s, the English Bill of Rights was an important step in limiting the power of kings and queens, and in creating a more democratic government in England.
Big Question: Why was a foreign ruler invited to invade England?
The R
enai
ssan
ceSu
bjec
t Mat
ter E
xper
tAn
n E. M
oyer,
PhD,
Depa
rtmen
t of H
istory
, Univ
ersity
of Pe
nnsyl
vania
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Title
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ol of
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ns, f
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natur
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phae
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zio of
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ino) (
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0) /
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an M
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Chap
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Scho
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Athe
ns, f
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Chap
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l Vec
chio)
(138
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opo (
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–155
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alleri
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Chap
ter 3,
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Chap
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Pope
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ffizi, F
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ce, Ita
ly / B
ridge
man
Imag
es
Chap
ter 1,
Card
1 Th
e Glob
e The
atre,
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sh Sc
hool,
(20th
centu
ry) / P
rivate
Colle
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Look
and L
earn
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gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 1,
Card
2 Int
erior
of a 1
6th ce
ntury
printi
ng w
orks,
copy
of a
minia
ture f
rom ‘C
hants
roy
aux s
ur la
Conc
eptio
n cou
ronne
e du P
uy de
Roue
n’ (co
lour li
tho), F
rench
Sc
hool,
(16th
cen
tury)
(after
) / B
ibliot
hequ
e Na
tiona
le, P
aris,
Franc
e /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 2,
Card
3 ak
g-im
ages/
Supe
rStoc
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Chap
ter 3,
Card
4 Ar
t Arch
ive, Th
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Chap
ter 3,
Card
5 Ar
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Chap
ter 4,
Card
6 Wo
rld Hi
story
Arch
ive/S
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tock
Chap
ter 4,
Card
7 Ga
lileo,
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sh Sc
hool,
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centu
ry) /
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man I
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Chap
ter 4,
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8 Pe
ter W
illi/S
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tock
Chap
ter 5,
Card
9 Po
pe Pa
ul III
(146
8-15
49) R
eceiv
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e Rule
of th
e Soc
iety o
f Jesu
s, 15
40
(engra
ving)
by
C. Ma
lloy
(16th
centu
ry) /
Biblio
thequ
e Na
tiona
le, P
aris,
Franc
e / Br
idgem
an Im
ages
Engl
and
in th
e Gol
den
Age
Subj
ect M
atte
r Exp
ert
John J
osep
h Butt
, PhD
, Dep
artme
nt of
Histor
y, Jam
es Ma
dison
Unive
rsity
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Title
Qu
een E
lizab
eth I ,
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eman
Imag
es
Introd
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apter
1), C
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akg-
imag
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Introd
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Chap
ter 1,
Card
3 Qu
een E
lizab
eth I ,
c.160
0 (oil
on pa
nel),
Engli
sh Sc
hool,
(16th
centu
ry) / N
ation
al Po
rtrait
Galle
ry, Lo
ndon
, UK /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 1,
Card
4 Po
rtrait
of W
illiam
Shak
espea
re (1
564–
1616
) c.16
10 (o
il on c
anva
s), Ta
ylor, J
ohn
(d.16
51) (
attr. t
o) / N
ation
al Po
rtrait
Galle
ry, Lo
ndon
, UK /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 2,
Card
5 Da
niel H
ughe
s
Chap
ter 2,
Card
6 Th
e Arm
ada b
eing d
estroy
ed by
Engli
sh fir
e ship
s, McC
onne
ll, Jam
es Ed
win
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3–95
) / Pr
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Chap
ter 3,
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7 Po
rtrait
of Ja
mes V
I, 159
5 (oil
on ca
nvas)
, Van
son,
Adria
n (fl.1
580–
1601
) (att
r. to)
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vate
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ction
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to ©
Philip
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ld Ltd
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Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 3,
Card
8 Br
yan B
eus
Chap
ter 3,
Card
9 Ch
arles
I of E
nglan
d (16
00–4
9) an
d Que
en He
nriett
a Mari
a (16
09–6
9) (o
il on
canv
as), D
yck, A
nthon
y van
(159
9–16
41) /
Palaz
zo Pi
tti, Fl
orenc
e, Ita
ly / B
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Imag
es
Chap
ter 3,
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10
A Cav
alier
with
a Grey
Horse
(oil o
n pan
el), C
alrae
t, Abra
ham
van (
1642
–172
2) /
Apsle
y Hou
se, Th
e Well
ington
Mus
eum,
Lond
on, U
K / Br
idgem
an Im
ages
Chap
ter 3,
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10
Purita
n, Ro
undh
ead (
oil on
canv
as), P
ettie,
John
(183
9–93
) / Sh
effiel
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eries
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ms Tru
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to ©
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eums
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ield /
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eman
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Chap
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11
Cromw
ell an
d his I
ronsid
es, ill
ustra
tion f
rom ‘A
Histo
ry of
Engla
nd’ b
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L. Fle
tcher
and R
udya
rd Kip
ling,
1911
(colo
ur lith
o), F
ord, H
enry
Justi
ce
(186
0–19
41) /
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Trial
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13
Portr
ait of
Olive
r Crom
well (
1599
–165
8) 16
49 (o
il on c
anva
s), W
alker,
Robe
rt (1
607–
60) /
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eums
and G
alleri
es (Le
eds A
rt Ga
llery)
U.K.
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ages
Chap
ter 5,
Card
14
Charl
es II d
ancin
g at a
ball a
t cou
rt, 16
60 (o
il on c
anva
s), Ja
nssen
s, Hier
onym
us
(162
4–93
) / Ro
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ollec
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Her M
ajesty
Quee
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abeth
II, 20
16 /
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eman
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es
Chap
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15
The G
reat F
ire of
Lond
on, 1
666 (
print)
(see
also
5364
1), V
ersch
uier, L
ieve (
1630
–86)
(af
ter) /
Priva
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Chap
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Card
16
Willi
am III
of Gr
eat B
ritain
and I
relan
d (oil
on ca
nvas)
, Kne
ller, G
odfre
y (16
46–1
723)
(at
tr. to)
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ttish N
ation
al Po
rtrait
Galle
ry, Ed
inburg
h, Sc
otlan
d / Br
idgem
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ages
Chap
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16
Mary
II (oil
on ca
nvas)
, Wiss
ing, W
illem
(165
6–87
) (aft
er) / S
cottis
h Nati
onal
Portr
ait
Galle
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inburg
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otlan
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an Im
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Chap
ter 6,
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17
Presen
tation
of th
e Bill
of Rig
hts to
Willi
am III
(165
0–17
02) o
f Oran
ge an
d Mary
II (1
662–
94) (
engra
ving)
, Eng
lish Sc
hool
/ Briti
sh M
useu
m, Lo
ndon
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