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www.solarworld.com SolarWorld I Production FROM SAND TO MODULE SOLARWORLD AG PRODUCTION SITES IN FREIBERG

From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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ForewordSolar power creates independence. The sun gives usan unlimited amount of energy, there are no conflictsover resources and even remote regions can be suppliedwith energy. The goal of SolarWorld AG is thereforeto attain a worldwide, environmentally friendlyand safe energy supply.We are working on severely reducing the costs for solarpower generation in all markets, allowing everyoneto use locally generated solar power and the opportunityfor sustainable development.From the very beginning, we focused on our core businessof photovoltaic technology. Today we are amongthe largest integrated solar power technology groupsworldwide with production, sales and research locationson four continents. The term “integrated” meansthat we cover the entire solar value chain from ultrahigh-purity silicon to turn-key systems. On the nextfew pages, we invite you to accompany the creation ofa solar module in the SolarWorld AG production sitesat Freiberg in Saxony.

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Page 1: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

www.solarworld.com

SolarWorld I Production

From Sand To module SolarWorld aG production SiteS in FreiberG

Page 2: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Locations worldwide

The SolarWorld GroupWith subsidiaries in Germany, the USA, France, Spain, South Africa and Singapore as well as joint ventures in Germany and Qatar, the SolarWorld Group is among the largest integrated photovoltaic companies worldwide. Central elements of the business are the sales of turnkey solar power generating systems and solar modules to the

market as well as the sales of solar silicon wafers to the international solar cell industry.

Grid-independent (off-grid) solar power solutions for threshold and developing countries are also becoming more important.

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GrenobleMadridCamarilloHillsboro

Madrid

Cape Town

Singapore

Ras Laffan

Hillsboro

Camarillo

Freiberg

Grenoble

Salisbury

Bonn

Rheinfelden

Yokohama

Raw Materia

l

Wafers

CellsModules

Trade &

Consultin

g

Recycling

Research &

Development

Page 3: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SingaporeCape Town Freiberg

ForewordSolar power creates independence. The sun gives us an unlimited amount of energy, there are no conflicts over resources and even remote regions can be sup-plied with energy. The goal of SolarWorld AG is the-refore to attain a worldwide, environmentally friendly and safe energy supply.

We are working on severely reducing the costs for so-lar power generation in all markets, allowing everyone to use locally generated solar power and the opportu-nity for sustainable development.

From the very beginning, we focused on our core busi-ness of photovoltaic technology. Today we are among the largest integrated solar power technology groups worldwide with production, sales and research loca-tions on four continents. The term “integrated” means that we cover the entire solar value chain from ultra-high-purity silicon to turn-key systems. On the next few pages, we invite you to accompany the creation of a solar module in the SolarWorld AG production sites at Freiberg in Saxony.

With sunny greetings,

dr.-Ing. e. h. Frank asbeckChairman and CEO of SolarWorld AG

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Bonn distribution center Bonn headquarters

Page 4: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Site plan of Freiberg

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leGend

RESEARCH

wAfER

RAw mAtERiAl

CEllS

modulES

tRAdE & logiStiCS

Industrial zone south

Page 5: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

Site plan of FreibergThe site located in Freiberg, Saxony, has been an integ-ral part of SolarWorld AG’s operations since 2000. The complete manufacturing chain, ranging from silicon to recycling, was built upon its pure wafer production. The Freiberg site is also the company’s global research and

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Industrial zone eastIndustrial zone Saxonia

WITH ITS WAFER PRODUCTION ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF FREIBERG, THE SITE ATTAINS A PRODUCTION CAPACITY THAT EQUALS THE ANNUAL OUTPUT OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.

development center. The university and mining town boasts an impressive array of capabilities, including decades of experience in the semiconductor industry, a qualified workforce and a semiconductor cluster of re-search facilities that is unique throughout Europe.

Page 6: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

pRoduCtPoly-crystalline silicon wafers for the solar cell industry, silicon processing, recycling

deutSche Solar Gmbhjoint Solar SiliconGmbh

A joint venture with Evonik

pRoduCtSunsil silicon powder

SolarWorld innovationS Gmbh

pRoduCtKnow-how

EQuipmENtCharacterization, cell and mo-dule testing, tests for quality, reliability and longterm stabi-lity; technology labs for wafer, cell and module technology with pilot production lines for nearproduction evaluation.

SolarWorld I Organization chart – Freiberg

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research &development

raw material Wafer Cells modules Trade &consulting

recycling

SolarWorld AG I Freiberg

1162 1957

In the ancient silver city of Freiberg, ore mines and smelting works had as long a tradition as science, research and technological develop-ment. In 1765, the oldest mining university in the world was established here. Its know-how still benefits the region to this day.

SILVER MINING

Page 7: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

deutSche cell Gmbh

pRoduCtPoly-crystalline solar cells

Solar Factory Gmbh

pRoduCtMono-crystalline and Poly-crystalline photovoltaic modules

7

THE HISTORY OF THE FREIBERG LOCATION IS A SUCCESS STORY FROM SILVER TO SILICON.

1994

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGYSince 1994 wafers have been produced from solar-grade silicon in Freiberg. With the take-over by SolarWorld AG in the year 2000, an expansion started to build what is today a fully integra-ted production site.

SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTIONThe entire semiconductor production for the former GDR and the states of Eastern Europe was concentrated in Freiberg, with research work also apriority. As far back as in the 1960s, single-silicon crystals were grown here.

Page 8: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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4

SolarWorld I Silicon production and preparation

Silicon productionSilane is used to make solar-grade silicon – the raw ma-terial that forms the basis for the generation of solar po-wer. SolarWorld developed a new processing technology to produce solar-grade silicon at reduced costs. The high-value solar-grade silicon is made from silane, a gas consis-ting of silicon and hydrogen. The silane gas is supplied by

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Evonik Degussa GmbH; the technology for its decomposi-tion into silicon is an in-house development by Joint Solar Silicon GmbH – a joint venture of Evonik Degussa GmbH and SolarWorld AG. The energysaving production of sili-con with an in-house process makes the valuable raw ma-terial available on short notice and over the long term.

1 2

THE PRODUCTION OF SUNSIL REQUIRES 90 PERCENT LESS ENERGY THAN CONVENTIONAL PROCESSES.

Page 9: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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6

Days 1-6

Silicon processingSilicon is the most important raw material of the pho-tovoltaic industry. SolarWorld AG secures its long-term strategic silicon supply with its own production facilities. This is achieved by developing new manufacturing tech-nologies, such as the Sunsil process.

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7 8leGend

1 SANd

2 3 4 fREE-SpACE-REACtoR (fSR) For the formation of silicon from mono-silane.

5 SuNSil-powdERGeneration of silicon powder from mono-silane.

6 dEliVERYSunsil powder arrives in barrels.

7 SuNSil-powdERSunsil powder is compacted into bricks.

8 SuNbRiCkSThe compaction of the silicon powder facilitates the later melting of the material.

Page 10: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Crystallization

CrystallizationSolarWorld AG manufactures polycrystalline silicon wa-fers, the silicon slice that will become solar cells, at our Freiberg site. Here, we can rely on our longstanding ex-perience, since solar wafers have been produced from silicon for photovoltaic applications in Freiberg begin-

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1 2

ning in 1994. High-purity solar silicon is the basic mate-rial for crystallization, since the cleaner the raw materi-al the more efficient the subsequent solar cells. During wafer production, the ingots made from numerous sili-con crystals are cut into columns and then into wafers.

Page 11: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

11

leGend

1 filliNg of tHE CRuCiblES

The high-purity silicon is poured into coated cruci-bles of highpurity quartz material.

2 lookiNg iNto tHE fuRNACE

The melting of the silicon takes place at more than 1,400 °C. This is followed by crystallization, the soli-difi cation of the silicon melt in a vertical direction, starting at the bottom of the crucible and forming a poly-crystalline silicon block.

3 SiliCoN bloCk

After the block cools, the crucible is separated from the block. Every crucible can be used only once.

3

THE CRYSTALLIZATION STEP IS CRUCIAL IN DETERMINING THE LATER EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLAR CELL.

Days 7-9

Page 12: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Wafer production

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1 2

leGend

1 2 ColumN mAkiNg

Wire saws (briquetters) are used to process the silicon in-got. The side parts are removed and the ingot is cut into square columns. The cross-section of the columns corre-sponds to the format of the wafers to be produced later.

3 wiRE SAw

Wire saws cut the silicon columns into super-thin sheets, the so-called wafers. The wire carries the slurry, a mixture of polyethylene glycol and silicon carbide that helps sepa-rate the silicon column.

4 fiNAl CHECk

After removal of residue from the sawing process, each and every wafer is measured fully automatically and sor-ted with regard to thickness, surface quality and possible damage.

5 pACkAgiNg

The wafers are packaged and labeled by the quality groupand then shipped to customers all over the world.

Page 13: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

13

3

4 5

A WAFER IS AS THIN AS THREE HUMAN HAIRS.

Wafer productionThe blocks are separated into columns of a square cross-section. Modern wire-saw technology cuts super-thin sheets – the socalled wafers. The wafers, which in this stage are not electrically conductive, are

then carefully cleaned and subjected to a strict selec-tion process. Only high-quality wafers are sold to cus-tomers from the international solar cell industry who process them into high-performance solar cells.

Days 10-11

Page 14: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Solar cell production

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1

2 3

Solar cell productionThe cleanliness of the production rooms and facilities are key to the quality and performance of the solar cells. In the clean rooms of SolarWorld AG, the wafers are carefully processed by fully automatic systems. The complete process and material flow monitoring as well as the permanent quality control at every step of the

CONTINUOUS BATCH TRACKING GUARANTEES AN INNOVATIVE EDGE AND RELIABILITY AT THE SAME TIME.

manufacturing process guarantee the unique quality standard. The solar cell production department at the Freiberg site works continuously with the solar modu-le production department to increase module perfor-mance. SolarWorld AG thus exploits the advantages provided by its fully integrated production.

Page 15: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

Day 12

15

4

5 6

7

8

CELLS PRODUCED IN ONE WEEK COVER THE AREA OF 3.5 SOCCER FIELDS.

leGend

1 ClEANiNg

Several cleaning baths remove saw damage caused inthe wire sawing process and give the surface of the wafera distinct texture.

2 diffuSioN

In the next step, the positive-negative junction is achie-ved by way of phosphorus diffusion which makes the sili-con conductive to electrons.

3 oXidE EtCHiNg

Removal of the phosphorus glass layer caused by diffusi-on.

4 EdgE iNSulAtioN

To separate the front and rear electrically, the rear is et-ched.

5 SuRfACE CoAtiNg

A blue anti-reflective layer reduces optical losses and ma-kes for an electrical passivation of the surface.

6 7 mEtAlliC pRiNtiNg

The front and rear contacts are applied in a screen-prin-ting process. Before each of the three print runs, the po-sition of the cells is measured to align the printing screen correctly – silver contacts on the rear, aluminum coating on the rear and silver grid on the front.

8 ClASSifiCAtioN

The solar cells are individually electrically measured and then sorted and packaged according to performance and optical criteria.

Page 16: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Module production

1 2

leGend

1 iNComiNg goodS iNSpECtioN

The solar cells are tested for possible damages before pro-cessing.

2 SoldERiNg CEllS to foRm StRiNgS

Solar cells are soldered together to form strings; the front side of one cell is connected to the rear side of another cell by three soldering strips.

3 mAtRiX uNit

The matrix unit combines the strings into a matrix, a grid of solar cells (for example 60). Next, a “sandwich” is crea-ted comprised of solar glass, three layers of film and the solar cells.

4 lAmiNAtoR

A laminator is a large vacuum furnace that laminates solar glass, film and solar cells at roughly 150° Celsius, creating a weatherresistant unit. Each „sandwich“ is subject to strict controls in advance.

5 AttACHiNg CoNNECtioN SoCkEt

A robot places a patented connection socket on the rear side of the laminate. The connection socket is manufac-tured in a single cast with welded joints rather than sol-dered joints for maximum hold, even under the highest loads.

6 fRAmE

The laminates are transported to the fully automated framing station and then pressed together with an alu-minum frame and matching corner angles. The frame is filled with two component silicone to make the solar module even more weather-resistant and prevent water from seeping in later.

7 dEtERmiNiNg pERfoRmANCE ANd QuAlitY

A flasher determines the power of individual solar mo-dules under standard test conditions. In addition to the performance, the appearance of each module is checked as it also plays an important role. Each module is labeled individually, indicating the type, performance and pro-duction site.

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Page 17: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

Module production A unique production process ensures the fully automa-ted solar module production in the production facilities of SolarWorld AG in Freiberg. In the process, the regular electrical and optical measurement and the control of the intermediate product ensure top quality. After the framing, the final product is tested and packaged, ready for shipping.

IN THE SOLAR MODULE PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT, UP TO FOUR SOLAR MODULES CAN BE MANUFACTURED EVERY MINUTE.

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4 5

6 7

17

Day 13

Page 18: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Logistics

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1

2

3

Logistics centerSolarWorld kits are put together in the SolarLog logis-tics center. The SolarWorld kits consist of the selected module type, the inverter to match, the assembly rack

THE INTERNAL GROUP LOGISTICS UNIT ENSURES ON-TIME DELIVERY.

required for the roof shape as well as additional accesso-ries. The products are individually picked, packaged and shipped to customers all over the world.

4

Page 19: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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5

6 7 8

OVER 100 TRUCKS ARE LOADED AND UNLOADED EVERY DAY AT THE SOLARWORLD GROUP IN FREIBERG.

leGend

1 iNComiNg goodS

The solar modules from module production are deli-vered to SolarLog.

2 digitAl dAtA CollECtioN

After digital collection of data from incoming goods, they are included in our stock lists.

3 StoRAgE

Modules, inverters, section, etc. are kept in the shelf store.

4 pACkAgiNg

Depending on the individual order modules requirespecial packaging.

5 SmAll pARtS StoCk

The small parts stock accessories (bolts, inverters, cables, racks, etc.) are stored, until they are shipped to customers.

6 7 piCkiNg

Components for SolarWorld kits/orders are picked and put together individually. Cables are cut to the required length. In addition to the modules, all DIN and standard parts are made ready for the order.

8 outgoiNg goodS

The products are prepared for shipping and thengo out from Freiberg into all parts of the world.

Day 14

Page 20: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Distribution center

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Distribution centerFrom Germany throughout the entire world – our sales teams ensure that our national and international custo-mers can harness the sun’s power. The employees of the

SolarWorld distribution center in Bonn are available to answer all your questions. Consulting, service or techni-cal support – we provide competent aid to our customers.

SIX DISTRIBUTION CENTERS IN GERMANY, SPAIN, FRANCE, SOUTH AFRICA, SINGAPORE AND THE U.S. ENSURE THAT SOLARWORLD PRODUCTS PRODUCE CLEAN POWER THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

Page 21: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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Page 22: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Solar power solutions

22

leGend

1 SuNmodulE pluS

Quality “Made in Germany”: the standardized SolarWorld module concept stands for excellent products. SolarWorld ensures constantly high profitability thanks to first-class quality.

2 SolARwoRld kitS

SolarWorld kits contain perfectly matched components and are customized for each client. The SolarWorld kits contain high-quality modules that are “Made in Germany”, the assembly system, inverters, cables and other accessories.

3 SuNdECk

Sundeck is the design solution for solar power and is the benchmark for roof-integrated sys-tems. The system perfectly integrates solar power modules into the roof: the photovoltaic sys-tem and the roof form a harmonious unit.

1

Page 23: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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SolarWorld’s many years of experience and state-of-the-art production facilities facilitate the development and practical implementation of sophisticated and reliable solutions for your roof-mounted or in-roof system on a

WE ARE CONTINUALLY LOWERING THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO PRODUCE OUR SOLAR MODULES ALONG THE ENTIRE VALUE CHAIN. OUR CLIMATE- AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FACILITATE SHORT ENERGY PAYBACK TIMES AND REDUCED CO₂ EMISSIONS.

Clever solar power solutions flat or pitched roof: customized SolarWorld kits for every area of application are flexibly matched to your construc-tion requirements. Perfectly matched SolarWorld kits achieve the best yields.

2 3

Page 24: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Recycling, cleaning

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1 2

Recycling, cleaningSilicon from our own production and from other compa-nies is injected into an internal recycling system here and converted into valuable solar-grade silicon for re-use in wafer production. Silicon from our own production and from other companies is injected into an internal recyc-

ling system here and converted into valuable solar-grade silicon for re-use in wafer production. SolarWorld AG also classifies and sorts raw silicon materials according to qua-lity criteria. We also treat wafer, cell and other material surfaces. In recent years, SolarWorld has developed a new,

IN MODERN CLASSIFICATION AND PROCESSING PLANTS, SOLARWORLD AG RECYCLES BYPRODUCTS OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR AND SOLAR INDUSTRY.

Page 25: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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4 5

6leGend

1 SpECiAl pRoduCtioNS

Manufacture of special silicon blocks.

2 3 iNtERNAl RECYCliNg

Silicon from our own production is recycled internallyand recovered for re-use in wafer production.

4 5 fiNiSHEd pRoduCt

Ready-to-use, solar-grade silicon results from the recycling process.

6 ClASSifiCAtioN of SiliCoN

Sorting of raw material by quality criteria.

universal recycling process that ensures the best possible solutions which meet the industry’s high environmental standards once the photovoltaic products reach the end of their service life.

Page 26: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Research and development

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Research At a technology center located in Freiberg, unique within Europe, SolarWorld Group conducts research along the entire value chain for photovoltaics. SolarWorld Inno-vations GmbH research company works closely with facilities in Freiberg that specialize in semiconductor materials. Since 2003, SolarWorld has supported 282 students, diploma students and graduate students during their academic training programs as well as with their theses. Research projects at the Institute

for Physics and Chemistry are supported by the “SolarWorld Endowment Fund for Academic Research”. Since 2006, SolarWorld has awarded its “SolarWorld Junior Einstein Award” to up-and-coming scientists who have submitted research on photovoltaics and other closely related topics.

THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, SOLARWORLD COOPERATES WITH ABOUT 20 UNIVERSITIES AND PRIVATE RESEARCH INSTITUTES.

Page 27: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SOLARWORLD AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES HOLD APPROXIMATELY 330 PATENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN 150 PATENT FAMILIES.

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DevelopmentResearch in Freiberg focuses on practical development and optimization of production processes, with the aim of lowering production costs, increasing efficiency and improving quality and process reliability. New techno-logies and production processes are developed, tested and promptly transferred into mass production facili-ties at our state-of-the-art research and development center. Laboratories for development, reliability testing and quality assurance permanently monitor the mate-

rials, semi-finished products, prototypes and products from production. Our research achievements can be seen at all levels of the value-added chain, for examp-le, in reduction of raw materials used in wafer produc-tion, higher solar cell efficiency as well as continuously improved performance and durability of solar modules. The research work is supplemented by more than 500 improvement proposals from employees as part of our company suggestion plan.

Page 28: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Performance and quality

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We are absolutely certain about the performance and durability of our modules, as all the used materials, prototypes and finished products are subjected to strenuous tests. For example, the heavy loads caused by wind pressure and snow loads are simulated in our module test laboratories by attaching suction cups on the top and rear of the module and alternatingly subjecting it to pressure and suction. Unlike the stan-dard test, which applies a load of up to 5,400 Pascal,

SolarWorld’s test subjects solar modules to a load of 11,000 Pascal. This measure corresponds to a water column of 1.12 meters. UV exposure over 25 years, the temperature differences of 9,125 day and night cycles as well as the impact of hail or lightning strikes also can be simulated. After all tests are conducted, the modules must still satisfy the strict SolarWorld cri-teria regarding electrical safety, mechanical stability and visual quality.

Quality “Made in Germany”

A SOLAR ARRAY IS THE SAME AS ANY OTHER INVESTMENT: YOU HAVE TO INVEST IN QUALITY IF YOU WANT A GUARANTEED RETURN.

Page 29: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

We guarantee your yield

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Linear performance warranty*

Standard tiered warranty

Guaranteed module performance

* in accordance with the SolarWorld service certificate valid at purchase www.solarworld.com/service-certificate

Years

Linear performance warranty* from SolarWorld

added-value warranty

97%95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

0%1 5 10 15 20 25

With a SolarWorld solar power system, you are choosing innovative “Made in Germany“ technology, which has been confirmed by numerous tests and awards. Fully automated production facilities, innovative research and development and seamless process and material monito-ring ensure the quality of our products, which were rated “very good“ by ÖKO-TEST. The TÜV Rheinland “Power con-trolled“ designation guarantees that output levels spe-cified for the Sunmodules are maintained and regularly monitored by the independent testing service provider. This provides investors and consumers with additional security and is a further testament to SolarWorld’s com-mitment to comprehensive quality assurance. Our “plus-

sorting“ method guarantees the highest system effici-ency, as we deliver only modules that achieve or surpass the designated nominal performance in performance tests. With our linear performance warranty, SolarWorld guarantees a maximum annual degeneration in perfor-mance of 0.7% for 25 years, according to the applicable service certificate – a clear additional benefit, compared with conventional two-stage industry guarantees. Com-prehensive warranty services protect your investment in line with consumer requirements – even in the fine print.The extended 10-year product warranty applies to all SolarWorld quality modules and goes well beyond the two years required by law.

Page 30: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

SolarWorld I Glossary – the solar ABCs

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CO₂

A solar cell is the basic element for the production of solar modules; cells are made from wafers.

Abbreviation of carbon dioxide; pollutants that are produced during generati-on in power stations. During its service life, a solar module prevents approxi-mately 25 times more CO₂ than is required to produce it.

Physical process that leads to an even distribution of particles and thus to a complete intermixture of two substances.

The local utility is obliged to buy electricity generated by renewable sources and pay for it according to the current rate.

Grid parity will be achieved when electricity from a photovoltaic plant can be offered at the same retail price as electricity from the wall socket.

Complex electronic component that converts direct current into alternating current, is required in solar power technology to feed power into the grid.

Abbreviation of kilowatt hour; one kWh is equivalent to 1,000 watts over a period of one hour.

kW = kilowatt; the p stands for “peak” as in peak performance. Yet, the “p” does not indicate the peak output but the rated output according to standard test conditions.

Term describing an electrically connectable unit of solar cells, including wea-ther protection (glass), junction box, embedding material (film) and framing.

Silicon grown as a single crystal; the crystal structure on the interior is homo-geneous, which is shown by even coloring on the outside.

Abbreviation of megawatt; this value measures the output capacity of a solar generating plant: 1 MW = 1,000,000 watt.

Diffusion

Feed-in tariff

Cell

Grid parity

Inverter

Module

kWh

kWp

Mono-crystalline

MW

Page 31: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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SO THAT PHOTOVOLTAIC DOES NOT REMAIN A SECRET CODE.

A physical effect that generates voltage in a semiconductor plate consisting of two poles. Electricity flows when connected to a consumer. Photo (Greek) = photos: light; volt = unit of electrical voltage. Therefore: voltage through light.

Crystal structure of silicon in which several crystals solidify during casting. Poly-crystal can be recognized by its visible grain boundaries.

Solid body is viewed as both a conductor and a non-conductor; the conducti-vity can be specifically influenced by injecting other atoms (doping) from dif-ferent main chemical groups, e.g. phosphorus, and boron.

The raw material silicon is used for the production of solar cells. Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust and is found in sand, for example.

The energy generated is stored in batteries and consumed later. These plants are not connected to the power grid.

The standard test conditions are the conditions under which the electrical and voltage characteristics of a module cell are measured and then entered in the module data sheet. Standard Test Conditions = 1,000 W/ m², 25°C cell/module temperature, sun spectrum AM = 1.5.

Assembly systems for solar modules that make the installed module field track the movement of the sun so to generate extra yield; singleaxis systems rotate from east to west; double-axis systems also allow for the elevation an-gle of the sun.

The solar value chain describes the production stages from sand/raw silicon all the way to the finished solar module.

Sawed silicon sheet; starting point for the production of a solar cell.

Semiconductor

Photovoltaic

Poly-crystalline

Silicon

STC (Standard Test Conditions)

Stand-alone solution

Tracked Systems

Value chain

Wafer

Page 32: From San to Module Solarworld Freiberg

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ProduCTIon

deuTSCHe Solar GmBHBerthelsdorfer Str. 111 A09599 Freiberg/Sachsen, GermanyPhone: +49 3731 301 0Fax: +49 3731 301 [email protected]

deuTSCHe Cell GmBHBerthelsdorfer Str. 111 A09599 Freiberg/Sachsen, GermanyPhone: +49 3731 301 1440Fax: +49 3731 301 [email protected]

SolarFaCTorY GmBHFerdinand-Reich-Str. 109599 Freiberg/Sachsen, GermanyPhone: +49 3731 301 4552Fax: +49 3731 301 [email protected]

SolarWorld InnoVaTIonS GmBHBerthelsdorfer Str. 111 A09599 Freiberg/Sachsen, GermanyPhone: +49 3731 301 1600Fax: +49 3731 301 [email protected]

SolarWorld InduSTrIeS amerICa InC.25300 NW Evergreen RoadOR 97124 Hillsboro, USAPhone: +1 503 844 3400Fax: +1 503 844 [email protected]

SaleS

SolarWorld aGKarl-Legien-Str. 18853117 Bonn, GermanyPhone: +49 228 559 20-0Fax: +49 228 559 [email protected]

SolarWorld FranCeZI Bouchayer-VialletHôtel d’entreprise31, rue Gustave Eiffel38000 Grenoble, FrancePhone: +33 43 821 00 50Fax: +33 43 821 00 [email protected]

SolarWorld IBérICaC/La Granja 15-Edif. B-1°B28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain Phone: +34 91 490 5999Fax: +34 91 657 [email protected]

SolarWorld aSIa PaCIFIC PTe lTd.70, Bendemeer RoadLuzerne, #06-01339940 Singapore, SingaporePhone: +65 6842 3886Fax: +65 6842 [email protected]

SolarWorld amerICaS InC.4650 Adohr Lane93012 Camarillo, USAPhone: +1 805 388 6590Fax: +1 805 388 [email protected]

SolarWorld aFrICa PTY. lTd.24th Floor1 Thibault SquareLower Long StreetCape Town, 8001, South AfricaPhone: +27 21 421 8001Fax: +27 21 421 [email protected]

HeadQuarTerS

SolarWorld aGMartin-Luther-King-Str. 2453175 Bonn, GermanyPhone: +49 228 559 20-0Fax: +49 228 559 [email protected]