Free Powerpoint Templates Page * Free Powerpoint Templates EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #3

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Bio.3.4 - Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as a mechanism for how species change over time.



Change over time is called

•evolution



4 evidences of evolution are•Biochemical (#1)•Fossil•Anatomical•Embryological



The most primitive fossils are found in ______ layer. The more complex are in the _______ layer.

- Bottom

•Top



Which shows a common ancestor? Homologous structures



Structures that have no essential function are called ________. Examples are __(list5)___.

•vestigial structures•Appendix•wisdom teeth•tonsils in humans•Tail bone ( coccyx ) •pelvic girdle and beginnings of femurs in whales



Similarities in embryos of vertebrates show that the have a _________________.

common ancestor



Which primates share a common ancestor?

ChimpGorillaHuman



Darwin’s theory that those most adapt to the environment will survive and reproduce is called

•Natural Selection (survival of the fittest)



The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are

•1. Variation (due to sexual reproduction and other changes in the gene pool)



•2. Overproduction (ensures species survival)




•3. Competition(same habitat and niche)




•4. Natural Selection (most adapt survive and their genes are passed onto their children)




Label the graphs below.

Directional Selection




•Stabilizing Selection




•Disruptive Selection



Type of evolution in which similar organisms become

different overtime due to their environments is called _______.

Examples are : ___________.

•divergent evolution or adaptive radiation•Darwin’s finches and turtles•whale and a human, both of which are mammals



Type of evolution in which different organisms become

more similar is called_______. Examples are: _____________.

•convergent evolution•Fish and sharks, whales and dolphins, penguins and seals•(fish, aves –birds, mammals)



_____ is when organisms adapt and evolve together to benefit their situation. Examples are: _________.

•Coevolution•Arthropods (insects in this case) and angiosperms



This diagram shows : _________.

adaptive radiation or divergent evolution due to different environments



New species were formed because of _____.

•isolation •in this case - geographic isolation•There is also temporal (reproduce at different times) •reproductive (do not have appropriate courtship behavior.)



The development of a new species is called _____________.

•speciation



All the genes in a population is called a ______________.

•gene pool



Type of evolution where appearance is stable followed by abrupt change

is_______________.

•punctuated equlibrium



Slow and steady change in appearance is called _________.

•gradualism



Which organism is the most primitive?

shark



Which is the most recent organism?

bird



Which two organisms are most closely related, shark and toad, amphibian and

primate or primate and rabbit? primate and rabbit



What traits do primates exhibit? •Vertebrae•bony skeleton•four limbs•amniotic egg•hair



This evolutionary tree is called a __________________.

cladogram



Not taking all of your antibiotics to kill all of the bacteria off can lead to _____.

•antibiotic resistance•(variety allows some of the bacteria to survive and reproduce making super bugs)•example is tuberculosis resistance started in the prisons in Russia.



BT corn is scary to organic farmers because over usage can

lead to _______________.•pesticide resistance where pests take over food supple making it necessary to make a more toxic substance to kill them



Bio 3.5 Analyze how classification systems are developed based upon

speciation.



7 taxons broadest to most specific•(Domain)•Kingdom•Phylum•Class•Order•Family•Genus•Species



The broadest of the above categories, the one that includes the most organisms is the ___. The most specific that contains

organisms that can produce fertile offspring is ________.

•Kingdom•Species



2 name naming system for the scientific name is called ___________.

•Binomial nomenclature



The two taxons it consists of are the _______, which is always capitalized and

the ________ which is lower case.

•Genus•species



The whole name is either _______ or __________.

•underlined or italicized.



The purpose of the scientific name is to have one name in _____ (language) to avoid having many ________ that vary

location to location.

•Latin•common names



Label P for prokaryote, E for eukaryote, and B for both

•Membrane bound organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplasts - E •Smaller in size - P •Ribosomes - B •Living - B •Membrane bound nucleus - E •DNA - B •Larger cell - E •DNA not wrapped in a membrane - P



Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic is _________.

•Animalia



Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic and has a cell wall made out of chitin _____.

•Fungi



Kingdom that is mostly unicellular, auto or

heterotrophic, eukaryotic is ____________.

•Protista



Kingdom that is unicellular prokaryotic and likes extreme environments ___________.

•Archaebacteria



Kingdom that is unicellular prokaryotic and has a cell wall made out of peptidoglycan

•Eubacteria



Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic , and

has a cell wall made out of cellulose is ___________

•Plantae



What is organism A in dichotomous key below?

•Teuthida



What are some characteristics of annelids according to the key?

•Distinct head, tentacles are present, External shell not present



Which two organisms are most closely related in shark table

below? •Greenland and Prickly shark

Greenland Shark Angel Shark Prickly Shark Sawshark

Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata

Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes Chondrichthes

Squaliformes Squatiniformes Squaliformes Pristiophoriformes

Somniosus Squatinidae Echinorhinidae Pristiophoridae



At which classification level does the Sawshark differ from the other organisms?

Greenland Shark

Angel Shark

Prickly Shark

Sawshark

Animalia Animalia Animalia AnimaliaChordata Chordata Chordata ChordataChondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthes

Squaliformes

Squatiniformes

Squaliformes

Pristiophoriformes

Somniosus Squatinidae

Echinorhinidae

Pristiophoridae

Order


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Free Powerpoint Templates Page * Free Powerpoint Templates EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #3