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Frank Gehry 1 Frank Gehry Frank Owen Gehry Born February 28, 1929Toronto, Ontario Nationality Canadian, American Awards AIA Gold Medal National Medal of Arts Order of Canada Pritzker Prize Work Buildings Guggenheim Museum, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Gehry Residence, Weisman Art Museum, Dancing House, Art Gallery of Ontario, EMP/SFM, Cinémathèque française Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Frank [1] Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect based in Los Angeles, California. His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions. His works are often cited as being among the most important works of contemporary architecture in the 2010 World Architecture Survey, which led Vanity Fair to label him as "the most important architect of our age". [2] Gehry's best-known works include the titanium-covered Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain; MIT Stata Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Walt Disney Concert Hall in downtown Los Angeles; Experience Music Project in Seattle; Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis; Dancing House in Prague; the Vitra Design Museum and MARTa Museum in Germany; the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto and the Cinémathèque française in Paris. But it was his private residence in Santa Monica, California, which jump-started his career, lifting it from the status of "paper architecture" a phenomenon that many famous architects have experienced in their formative decades through experimentation almost exclusively on paper before receiving their first major commission in later years. Personal life Gehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg [1] on February 28, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario. His parents were Polish Jews. [3] A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, Mrs. Caplan, with whom he would build little cities out of scraps of wood. [4] His use of corrugated steel, chain link fencing, unpainted plywood and other utilitarian or "everyday" materials was partly inspired by spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. He would spend time drawing with his father and his mother introduced him to the world of art. "So the creative genes were there," Gehry says. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do things. She would push me." [5] He was given the Hebrew name "Ephraim" by his grandfather but only used it at his bar mitzvah. [1]

Frank Gehry

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Page 1: Frank Gehry

Frank Gehry 1

Frank Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry

Born February 28, 1929Toronto, Ontario

Nationality Canadian, American

Awards AIA Gold MedalNational Medal of ArtsOrder of CanadaPritzker Prize

Work

Buildings Guggenheim Museum, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Gehry Residence, Weisman Art Museum, Dancing House, Art Gallery of Ontario,EMP/SFM, Cinémathèque française

Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Frank[1] Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian American PritzkerPrize-winning architect based in Los Angeles, California.His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions. His works are often cited as beingamong the most important works of contemporary architecture in the 2010 World Architecture Survey, which ledVanity Fair to label him as "the most important architect of our age".[2]

Gehry's best-known works include the titanium-covered Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain; MIT Stata Center inCambridge, Massachusetts; Walt Disney Concert Hall in downtown Los Angeles; Experience Music Project inSeattle; Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis; Dancing House in Prague; the Vitra Design Museum and MARTaMuseum in Germany; the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto and the Cinémathèque française in Paris. But it was hisprivate residence in Santa Monica, California, which jump-started his career, lifting it from the status of "paperarchitecture" – a phenomenon that many famous architects have experienced in their formative decades throughexperimentation almost exclusively on paper before receiving their first major commission in later years.

Personal lifeGehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg[1] on February 28, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario. His parents were Polish Jews.[3]

A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, Mrs. Caplan, with whom he would build little cities out ofscraps of wood.[4] His use of corrugated steel, chain link fencing, unpainted plywood and other utilitarian or"everyday" materials was partly inspired by spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. Hewould spend time drawing with his father and his mother introduced him to the world of art. "So the creative geneswere there," Gehry says. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount to anything. It was mymother who thought I was just reticent to do things. She would push me."[5]

He was given the Hebrew name "Ephraim" by his grandfather but only used it at his bar mitzvah.[1]

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Frank Gehry 2

In 1947 Gehry moved to California, got a job driving a delivery truck, and studied at Los Angeles City College,eventually to graduate from the University of Southern California's School of Architecture. After graduation fromUSC in 1954, he spent time away from the field of architecture in numerous other jobs, including service in theUnited States Army. He studied city planning at the Harvard Graduate School of Design for a year, leaving beforecompleting the program. In 1952, still known as Frank Goldberg, he married Anita Snyder, who he claims was theone who told him to change his name, which he did, to Frank Gehry. In 1966 he and Snyder divorced. In 1975 hemarried Berta Isabel Aguilera, his current wife. He has two daughters from his first marriage, and two sons from hissecond marriage.Having grown up in Canada, Gehry is a huge fan of ice hockey. He began a hockey league in his office, FOG (whichstands for Frank Owen Gehry), though he no longer plays with them. In 2004, he designed the trophy for the WorldCup of Hockey. Gehry holds dual citizenship in Canada and the United States. He lives in Santa Monica, California,and continues to practice out of Los Angeles.

Architectural style

The tower at 8 Spruce Street in lower Manhattanwhich was completed in February 2011 has a

titanium and glass exterior and is 76 stories high.

Much of Gehry's work falls within the style of Deconstructivism,which is often referred to as post-structuralist in nature for its ability togo beyond current modalities of structural definition. In architecture,its application tends to depart from modernism in its inherent criticismof culturally inherited givens such as societal goals and functionalnecessity. Because of this, unlike early modernist structures,Deconstructivist structures are not required to reflect specific social oruniversal ideas, such as speed or universality of form, and they do notreflect a belief that form follows function. Gehry's own Santa Monicaresidence is a commonly cited example of deconstructivist architecture,as it was so drastically divorced from its original context, and in such amanner as to subvert its original spatial intention.

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain

Gehry is sometimes associated with what is known as the "Los AngelesSchool," or the "Santa Monica School" of architecture. Theappropriateness of this designation and the existence of such a school,however, remains controversial due to the lack of a unifyingphilosophy or theory. This designation stems from the Los Angelesarea's producing a group of the most influential postmodern architects,including such notable Gehry contemporaries as Eric Owen Moss andPritzker Prize-winner Thom Mayne of Morphosis, as well as thefamous schools of architecture at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (co-founded by Mayne), UCLA,and USC where Gehry is a member of the Board of Directors.

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Gehry’s style at times seems unfinished or even crude, but his work is consistent with the California ‘funk’ artmovement in the 1960s and early 1970s, which featured the use of inexpensive found objects and non-traditionalmedia such as clay to make serious art. Gehry has been called "the apostle of chain-link fencing and corrugatedmetal siding".[6] However, a retrospective exhibit at New York's Whitney Museum in 1988 revealed that he is also asophisticated classical artist, who knows European art history and contemporary sculpture and painting.

Criticism

The Experience Music Project in Seattle

Walt Disney Concert Hall

Gehry's work has its detractors. Some have said:[7] [8]

• The buildings waste structural resources by creating functionlessforms.

• The buildings are apparently designed without accounting for thelocal climate.

• The spectacle of a building often overwhelms its intended use,especially in the case of museums and arenas.

• The buildings do not seem to belong in their surroundings.

Other notable aspects of career

Awards

Gehry was elected to the College of Fellows of the American Instituteof Architects (AIA) in 1974, and he has received many national,regional, and local AIA awards, including AIA Los Angeles ChapterGold Medal. He presently serves on the steering committee of the AgaKhan Award for Architecture. Gehry was awarded the PritzkerArchitecture Prize at the Tōdai-ji Buddhist Temple in 1989. ThePritzker Prize serves to honor a living architect whose built workdemonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision, andcommitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environmentthrough the art of architecture. In 1999, he was awarded the AIA Gold Medal "in recognition of a significant body ofwork of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture." He accepted the 2007 The Henry C. TurnerPrize for Innovation in Construction Technology from the National Building Museum on behalf of Gehry Partnersand Gehry Technologies.

Academia

Gehry is a Distinguished Professor of Architecture at Columbia University and teaches advanced design studios atthe Yale School of Architecture. He has received honorary doctoral degrees from Occidental College, WhittierCollege, the Southern California Institute of Architecture, the University of Toronto, the California College of

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Dancing House in Prague

Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto

Arts and Crafts, the Technical University of Nova Scotia, the RhodeIsland School of Design, the California Institute of the Arts, and theOtis Art Institute at the Parsons School of Design. In 1982 and 1989,he held the Charlotte Davenport Professorship in Architecture at YaleUniversity. In 1984, he held the Eliot Noyes Chair at HarvardUniversity. In January 2011, he joined the University of SouthernCalifornia (USC) faculty, as the Judge Widney Professor ofArchitecture.[9]

Budgets

Gehry has gained a reputation for taking the budgets of his clientsseriously, in an industry where complex and innovative designs likeGehry's typically go over budget. Sydney Opera House, which hasbeen compared with the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in terms ofarchitectural innovation, had a cost overrun of 1,400 percent. It wastherefore duly noted when the Guggenheim Bilbao was constructed ontime and budget. In an interview in Harvard Design Magazine[10]

Gehry explained how he did it. First, he ensured that what he calls the"organization of the artist" prevailed during construction, in order toprevent political and business interests from interfering with thedesign. Second, he made sure he had a detailed and realistic costestimate before proceeding. Third, he used CATIA (computer-aidedthree-dimensional interactive application) and close collaboration withthe individual building trades to control costs during construction.

However, not all of Gehry's projects have gone smoothly. The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Downtown Los Angelesresulted in over 10,000 RFIs (requests for information) and was $174 million over budget. Furthermore, there was adispute which ended with a $17.8 million settlement.[11]

Celebrity statusGehry is considered a modern architectural icon and celebrity, a major "Starchitect" — a neologism describing thephenomenon of architects attaining a sort of celebrity status. Although Gehry has been a vocal opponent of the term,it usually refers to architects known for dramatic, influential designs that often achieve fame and notoriety throughtheir spectacular effect. Other notable celebrity architects include Jean Nouvel, Zaha Hadid, Thom Mayne, StevenHoll, Rem Koolhaas, and Norman Foster. Gehry came to the attention of the public in 1972 with his "Easy Edges"cardboard furniture. He has appeared in Apple's black and white "Think Different" pictorial ad campaign thatassociates offbeat but revered figures with Apple's design philosophy. He even once appeared as himself in TheSimpsons in the episode "The Seven-Beer Snitch", where he parodied himself by intimating that his ideas are derivedby looking at a crumpled paper ball. He also voiced himself on the TV show Arthur, where he helped Arthur and hisfriends design a new treehouse. Steve Sample, President of the University of Southern California, told Gehry that"...After George Lucas, you are our most prominent graduate." In 2009, Gehry designed a hat for pop star LadyGaga, reportedly by using his iPhone.[12]

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Frank Gehry 5

DocumentaryIn 2005, veteran film director Sydney Pollack, a friend of Gehry's, made the documentary Sketches of Frank Gehrywith appreciative comments by Philip Johnson, Ed Ruscha, Julian Schnabel, and Dennis Hopper, and critical ones byHal Foster supplementing dialogue between Gehry and Pollack about their work in two collaborative art forms withconsiderable commercial constraints and photography of some buildings Gehry designed. It was released on DVD bySony Pictures Home Entertainment on August 22, 2006, together with an interview of Sydney Pollack by fellowdirector Alexander Payne and some audience questions following the premiere of the film.

Fish and furnitureGehry is very much inspired by fish. Not only do they appear in his buildings, he created a line of jewelry, householditems, and sculptures based on this motif. "It was by accident I got into the fish image", claimed Gehry. One thingthat sparked his interest in fish was the fact that his colleagues are recreating Greek temples. He said, "Three hundredmillion years before man was fish....if you gotta go back, and you're insecure about going forward...go back threehundred million years ago. Why are you stopping at the Greeks? So I started drawing fish in my sketchbook, andthen I started to realize that there was something in it."[13]

Standing Glass Fish is just one of many works featuring fish which Gehry has created. The gigantic fish is made ofglass plates and silicone, with the internal supporting structure of wood and steel clearly visible. It soars above areflecting pool in a glass building built especially for it, in the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. Another huge Gehryfish sculpture dominates a public garden in front of the Fishdance Restaurant in Kobe, Japan.In addition to architecture, Gehry has made a line of furniture, jewelry, various household items, sculptures, andeven a glass bottle for Wyborowa Vodka. His first line of furniture, produced from 1969–1973, was called "EasyEdges", constructed out of cardboard. Another line of furniture released in the spring of 1992 is "BentwoodFurniture". Each piece is named after a different hockey term. He was first introduced to making furniture in 1954while serving in the U.S. Army, where he designed furniture for the enlisted soldiers. Gehry claims that makingfurniture is his "quick fix".[14]

Software developmentGehry's firm was responsible for innovation in architectural software. His firm spun off another firm called GehryTechnologies which developed Digital Project.

Awards• Gehry is a Senior Fellow of the Design Futures Council• In 1989, Gehry was the recipient of the Pritzker Prize for architecture.• In 1994, Gehry was the recipient of The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize.• In 1995, Gehry was the recipient of the Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award• In 1998, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[15]

• In 1999, he was awarded the AIA Gold Medal.• In 2000, Gehry was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cooper-Hewitt National Design

Museum[16]

• In 2004, on November 3, Gehry was awarded the prestigious Woodrow Wilson Award for public service by theWoodrow Wilson Center of the Smithsonian Institution in New York City.

• In 2006 on December 6, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inductedFrank Gehry into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and theArts.

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Honorary doctorates• Visual Arts; California Institute of the Arts (Valencia, California, USA—1987)• Fine Arts; Rhode Island School of Design (Providence, Rhode Island, USA—1987)• Engineering; Technical University of Nova Scotia (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada—1989)• Fine Arts; Otis College of Art and Design (Los Angeles, California, USA—1989)• Humanities; Occidental College (Los Angeles, California, USA—1993)• Whittier College (Whittier, California, USA—1995)• Architecture; Southern California Institute of Architecture (Los Angeles, California, USA—1997)• Laws; University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada—1998)• University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom—2000)• University of Southern California (Los Angeles, California, USA—2000)• Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut, USA—2000)• Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA—2000)• City College of New York (New York, New York, USA—2002)• Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, Illinois, USA—2004)

Notes[1] "Frank Gehry clears the air" (http:/ / www. theglobeandmail. com/ news/ national/ toronto/ frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/

article1655311/ ), Globe and Mail, July 28, 2010[2] Tyrnauer, Matt (30 June 2010). "Architecture in the Age of Gehry" (http:/ / www. vanityfair. com/ culture/ features/ 2010/ 08/

architecture-survey-201008?currentPage=all). Vanity Fair. . Retrieved 22 July 2010.[3] http:/ / isurvived. org/ InTheNews/ JewishMuseum-Poland. html[4] Karen Templer (1999-12-05). "Frank Gehry" (http:/ / www. salon. com/ people/ bc/ 1999/ 10/ 05/ gehry/ index. html). Salon. . Retrieved

2007-08-25.[5] Richard Lacayo.[6] (B. Adams)[7] Berkshire Fine Arts - MIT Sues Architect Frank Gehry Over Flaws at Stata Center (http:/ / www. berkshirefinearts. com/ ?page=article&

article_id=458& catID=26)[8] Frank Gehry's new Miss Brooklyn - B1 (http:/ / sympathetic-compass. blogspot. com/ 2008/ 05/ frank-gehrys-new-miss-brooklyn-b1. html)[9] USC News (2011-01-18). "Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor" (http:/ / uscnews. usc. edu/ university/

architect_frank_gehry_named_judge_widney_professor. html). . Retrieved 2011-01-18.[10] Bent Flyvbjerg Design by Deception: The Politics of Megaproject Approval. (http:/ / flyvbjerg. plan. aau. dk/

HARVARDDESIGN63PRINT. pdf) Harvard Design Magazine, no. 22, Spring/Summer 2005, pp. 50-59.[11] http:/ / enr. ecnext. com/ coms2/ article_bude100324FrankGehryNe-1[12] Greiner, Andrew (2009-12-08). "Frank Gehry Designed Lady Gaga's hat" (http:/ / www. nbcchicago. com/ entertainment/ celebrity/

Frank-Gehry-Designed-Lady-Gaga-a-Hat-78793477. html). NBC Chicago. . Retrieved 2011-01-03.[13] "American Masters: Frank Gehry" (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ wnet/ americanmasters/ database/ gehry_pop/ fish. html). . Retrieved 2008-11-17.[14] "Furniture designs" (http:/ / www. guggenheim. org/ exhibitions/ past_exhibitions/ gehry/ furniture_01. html). . Retrieved 2008-11-17.[15] Lifetime Honors - National Medal of Arts (http:/ / www. nea. gov/ honors/ medals/ medalists_year. html#98)[16] "Lifetime Achievement Winner: Frank Gehry" (http:/ / www. cooperhewitt. org/ NDA/ WINNERS/ 2000/ LIFETIMEACHIEVEMENT/

index. shtml). Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum. .

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References• Isenberg, Barbara. Conversations with Frank Gehry. Alfred A. Knopf, 2009• Sketches of Frank Gehry - Documentary• Frank Gehry Architect - Guggenheim Publications 2001• El Croquis 74/75 1995• Architects Today - Laurence King Publishers• Dal Co, Francesco and Forster, Kurt. W. "Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works." Published in the United States

of America in 1998 by The Monacelli Press, Inc. Copyright 1998 by The Monacelli Press, Inc.• The Pritzker Architecture Prize- www.pritzkerprize.com

External links• Gehry Partners, LLP (http:/ / www. foga. com), Gehry's architecture firm• Gehry Technologies, Inc. (http:/ / www. gehrytechnologies. com), Gehry's technology firm• Pritzker Prize page on Gehry (http:/ / www. pritzkerprize. com/ gehry. htm)• One hour interview with Charlie Rose at Google Video (July 13, 2001) (http:/ / video. google. com/

videoplay?docid=8650915086454055077& q=tvshow:Charlie_Rose+ Frank+ Gehry)• TED Talks by Frank Gehry (http:/ / www. ted. com/ speakers/ frank_gehry. html)• STORIES OF HOUSES: Frank Gehry's House in California (http:/ / storiesofhouses. blogspot. com/ 2006/ 02/

frank-gehrys-house-in-california. html)

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Article Sources and Contributors 8

Article Sources and ContributorsFrank Gehry  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=426889393  Contributors: 100110100, 24ip, 777sms, 842U, A.Roz, Aaaeditor, Ab merkin, Aboutmovies, Adam Conover,Adamstamp, Aerion, Alansohn, Alexeinikolayevichromanov, Alfonsomedina1, Andy Marchbanks, Anibar E, Apple7blue, Areback, Arthur Holland, Audiovore, Avala, Ayudante, BAxelrod,Baseballtom, Bbpen, Bearcat, Bearian, Ben Ram, BenytoDG, Beyond silence, Bigger digger, Bildung, BillC, Bobak, Bogdangiusca, Boothy443, Brazzouk, Brodydalle333, Bry9000, Bufi, Busstop, CLW, Cacophony, Cactus.man, Camw, Canadiana, Capricorn42, Chaerani, Chain Impact, Chicheley, Chikara8, Choalbaton, Chris 73, CircleAdrian, Claireyfairypink, Coffeezombie,CommonsDelinker, Conorbrady.ie, Coughinink, Cr33py, Cst17, Cvan2k9, Cyberpuke, Cygnusloop99, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DVD R W, Dagonet, Danausi, DandyDan2007, Dannygutters,Dar-Ape, Darkcore, DavidLevinson, Dbox studio, Dcandeto, Delldot, DennisMcNeil, DerHexer, Diandcraft, Dibuap, Djmutex, Dl2000, Dogears, Dominiqia, Don Kasprzak, Dosai, Dralwik,Dream out loud, DreamGuy, Drphilharmonic, Dureo, DutchTreat, Earl Andrew, Edderso, Ejrrjs, Ekpene, El C, Elekhh, Eleos, Eliyyahu, Eloquence, Emerson7, Emmett hume, Emosnowboarder,Erauch, Ericalberg, Eusebeus, Everyone Dies In the End, Faradayplank, Fawcett5, FeanorStar7, Fidgetrox, Filll, Finlay McWalter, Firsfron, Flamurai, Flavius Belisarius, Flondin, Flowerpotman,Formeruser0910, Fratrep, FrenchIsAwesome, Freshacconci, Friedfish, FuegoFish, Fæ, G2bambino, Gabbe, Gamaliel, Garion96, Gbjammin, GcSwRhIc, Geometrician, Ghirlandajo, Gillyarchitect,Gingermint, Glenny127, Glens userspace watcher, Glsps, Gnfnrf, Gogo Dodo, Goran.S2, Graham87, Green Cardamom, Grim22, Guat6, Gurkang, Haham hanuka, Hallmark, Heron, Historicist,Homerjay, Ibagli, Ilyabourim, Infrogmation, Insanity Incarnate, Irishrichy, J.delanoy, Jaberwocky6669, Jackson008, Jalal111, Jauerback, Jaydec, Jbmurray, Jengod, Jessemerriman, Jeysaba, Jfire,JimmB, Jimmy Slade, Jkbahe, Jmlk17, Joey80, John, John Reaves, John254, Johnpacklambert, Jon Stockton, Jonathan.s.kt, Jorunn, Jproulx, Julesd, Junesix, Justcuz, K.lee, KRS, Katgrl56,Kellen`, Ketsuekigata, Khazar, Kingstonlounge, Kiteinthewind, Kitwe, Kjlewis, Kleeingram, Kn.34, Knutberlin, Konrad West, Krashski35, Kris504, Kumioko, Kyleryck4, LOctopus, Lapunkd,Lauraelise204, Ldabrahams, Leadmonkeyboy, Lego872, Leroyinc, Lester, Lhasacat, Lightmouse, LilHelpa, Lockley, Look2See1, Loudgazelle, Lumos3, M2Ys4U, MZychster, Maccoinnich,Macdorman, Madeleine Price Ball, Magioladitis, Malo, Mamawrites, Mandarax, Manop, Mantujatali, Massimo Macconi, Mat813, Matthew Yeager, Maximus Rex, Mayumashu, McSly,Mcginnly, Mel Byars, Mel21clc, Mercury, Merryjman, Michael David, Michael Drew, Michael Shields, Michael Zimmermann, Michaelar, Mike Dillon, Mikemoral, Miller52, Mindmatrix,Minnaert, Mintleaf, MisfitToys, Mistamagic28, Mobius, Montrealais, Mounirzok, Moxy, Mr Stephen, Mr.Z-man, Mtlhedd, Muad, Mulad, MuzikJunky, NAHID, Nave.notnilc, Neon9nine,Neutrality, NickBurns, Nikeshoccr, Ninetyone, Niteowlneils, No1lakersfan, Nylmedia, Oldag07, Oreo Priest, Oxymoron83, PDH, Pakman56, Papa Lima Whiskey, PaulVIF, Paulromney, Paulscf,Pavone, Pb30, Pedro, Peregrine11, Peripitus, Pethan, Pfranson, Phantomsteve, Pilgaard, Poli08, Politis, Ponyo, Prabinepali, Prattflora, Prowsej, Proxy User, R-9, RRKennison, Rafudu, Raven inOrbit, Redjar, Redwolf24, Remisx, Remixedcat, Reywas92, Reza 1363, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), RickK, Rjwilmsi, Rmannion, Robert K S, RobertG, Roget1, Ronhjones, Rosiestep,Sacularamacal13, Sajt, Sampo Torgo, Sandstein, Sbluen, SchuminWeb, Schwnj, Scientizzle, Scusate se insisto, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Shoeofdeath, Sicilarch, Sillymortal, SimonP, SirIntellegence, Skarebo, Skeezix1000, Skierpage, Smalljim, Smnc, Snigbrook, Snoyes, Solipsist, Som1950, Someformofhuman, Sommerfeld, Sparkit, Spellcast, Spyhouse, Staecker, Steadfastroc,SteinbDJ, StevenHW, Stevenj, Stevertigo, Stirling Newberry, Studio17, Swikid, Szalas, TBHecht, TFNorman, TO220740, TXMaiden, Tamarabianca11, Tanaats, TastyPoutine, Texas Liberal,The Joker, The Thing That Should Not Be, The lorax, The wub, TheLadyEve, Theroachman, Timpdx, Tinton5, Tmgraphics, Tom harrison, Tony Sidaway, Tony1, TonyTheTiger, Tqbf, TraceBullet, TrentonGB, Tumble, Twerges, UTC-Christian, Ulric1313, Union20, Urbaneddie, User2004, Utcursch, VandalCruncher, Verne Equinox, Versus22, Verzbolovskis, VexedTechie,Victoriaedwards, Vikingstad, Vishnava, Vivaldi, Vulturell, W.C., WHeimbigner, Waggers, Wayne Slam, Wd40gdw, Wereon, Westofpch, Whiteghost.ink, Wiki Raja, Will Beback, Wtmitchell,WvdMark, Xanderer, Xezbeth, YUL89YYZ, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yourmotherisanastronaut, Yt95, Zeboxebo, Саша Стефановић, 727 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Frank Gehry 2006 crop.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Frank_Gehry_2006_crop.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: EricRichardson (cropped by uploader)File:Beekman Place New York.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Beekman_Place_New_York.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors:User:Emmett humeFile:Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors:User:MykReeveFile:Aerial view of EMPSFM.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Aerial_view_of_EMPSFM.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: EMPUNIQ-nowiki-2-096cf18d0809201d-QINU SFMFile:Disney Concert Hall by Carol Highsmith edit2.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit2.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: User:MfieldFile:Case danzanti.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Case_danzanti.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Dino QuinzaniFile:AGO at dusk.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AGO_at_dusk.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: John

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unportedhttp:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/