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Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

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Page 1: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy

By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Page 2: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy

Goal Definition Peace and healthy,

beneficial relationships with other countries

Involves making choices about relations with the rest of the world

Includes diplomatic, military, and economic goals, actors, and actions

Page 3: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Who is involved? Who are the global players in foreign

policy? International Organizations like the UN,

International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization

Regional Organizations like NATO, European Union

Multinational Corporations Nongovernmental Organizations Terrorists Individuals

Page 4: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Who is involved? Who are the players in foreign policy in the U.S.

Government?

PresidentCongressOther AgenciesDiplomatsDirector of national intelligence

Page 5: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy Continuum

Isolationism

Neutrality

Foreign Aid

Diplomacy

Economic Sanctions

Political Pressure (Collective Security)

Blockade (No Fly Zone)

Military Intervention (Drones, Covert Action, Police Action)

Declared War

Page 6: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

A History of Foreign Policy 1800-1868—Isolationism

1803-The Louisiana Purchase 1812- War of 1812 1823-Monroe Doctrine 1848- Mexican War 1861- Civil War

1870-1917—Imperialism 1872- America acquires Samoan Islands 1875- Treaty with Hawaii 1898- Spanish-American War 1899- Open Door Policy between China and U.S. 1901- Panama Canal 1904- Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine 1907- second Hague Conference

Page 7: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1917-1945—try to remain neutral, but end up fighting in two

world wars 1917- U.S. enters WWI 1919-1933- return to isolationist policy/ Great Depression 1927- Kellogg-Briand Treaty aims to outlaw war 1933- Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy with Latin America 1939-1941- Neutrality Acts/ Agreement to lend-lease policy with Allies in

WWII 1941- Pearl Harbor attacked, we enter WWII 1945- Atomic Age (Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima)/ end WWII

1945-1962- End WWII, Begin Cold War 1947- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1948- U.S. helps Berlin 1949- NATO signed by Western countries, Warsaw Pact by Eastern

Countries 1950- China becomes communist—Begin Korean War 1957- Eisenhower Doctrine 1960- Castro takes over Cuba—communism 1961- Bay of Pigs fails in Cuba/ Berlin Wall Built 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis

Page 8: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1962-1978– Vietnam War & Détente

1962- American troops sent to Vietnam as advisors 1963- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1964- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1968- Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty 1969- Nixon’s Vietnamization Policy 1970- Secret bombing of Cambodia revealed; students shot at Kent State 1972- Nixon visits China, period of détente between Soviet Union and U.S.,

negotiation of arms control treaty 1973- Peace treaty with North Vietnam 1976- Nuclear Test Pact—limits underground tests

1978-1987—Cold War 1978- Camp David—peace between Egypt and Israel 1979-American embassy personnel held hostage by Iranians 1983- U.S. invades Grenade/ Terrorist attack on U.S. Marines in Beirut 1985- meeting between Gorbachev and Reagan 1986- Iran-Contra Affair uncovered 1987- Nuclear Arms Treaty signed

Page 9: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1987- Present—Cold War Ends/ Involvement in Middle East

1989- Berlin Wall falls—communism ends in Germany, Poland, Hungary

1990- Communism ends in Soviet Union—Germany reunited 1991- U.S. defeats Iraq in Persian Gulf War/ Yeltsin new leader of

Russia, Soviet Republics gain independence 1994- Trade embargo ended with North Vietnam/ troops occupy Haiti

to promote democracy 1995- Peace between Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia—NATO and U.S.

troops sent 1997- Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia join NATO 1998- 2 American embassies destroyed by American bombs—air

strikes on Afghanistan and Sudan in retaliation 1999- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty defeated in Senate 2000- Peace in Middle East broken by Israel and Palestine 2001- September 11th—invasion of Afghanistan & removes Taliban

from power 2003- invasion of Iraq—removes Saddam Hussein from power 2004-U.S. gives sovereignty to Iraq—large peacekeeping force there

Page 10: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy Today Iraq

Hope to soon pull responsibly out of Iraq, democracy, terrorism

Afghanistan Kill Al Qaeda leaders/weaken their cause, withdraw troops by 2012,

terrorism

Iran Nuclear non-proliferation, human rights, terrorism

North Korea Nuclear non-proliferation

Russia Nuclear nonproliferation, building a relationship

Africa Democracy, human rights, aid, Darfur, poverty, oil Libya, Egypt uprisings—promote democracy

China Energy, climate change, human rights, trade, economic issues

Page 11: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Foreign Policy Today India

Human rights, poverty, aid, trade

Middle East Peace for Israel and an establishment of Israel and a Palestinian

state, Oil relationships with Saudi Arabia

Western Europe Keep healthy and beneficial alliances

South America Immigration problems, trade

Page 12: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Background Information About Immigration to the US

 

Page 13: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Problem

Problems of immigration:Policy of benign neglectWeakens national securityEffects the economy negatively

Burden on schools and hospitals

Page 14: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Problem: Continued Advantages of immigration

Documented immigrants paying taxes add 88,000 dollars yearly to the economy

Documented immigrants paying into Social Security added 463 billion dollars to the system

Cultural additions Low cost labor is feeding, clothing, cleaning,

restaurant workers, building houses and caring for the elderly

Page 15: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Current U.S. Birthright Code

U.S. Birthright Code states: The following shall be nationals and

citizens of the United States at birth: (a) a person born in the United

States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof; Many immigrants use this to stay in the United

States and have their children be U.S. citizens Gain many more opportunities

Page 16: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Resolution The problem with the current birthright laws is that it allows any

undocumented immigrants to come into the United States and have children, who are then technically US citizens because of where they are born. This law acts as an incentive for illegal immigrant mothers to come into the US and have their children. We believe a resolution is needed to fix the problem with this law.

Amnesty would be granted for all illegal immigrants currently in the United States.

The Birthright Law would be changed to not allow citizenship based on whether or not a child is born in the United States If a child’s mother is an illegal immigrant, and gives birth to a

child while in the US, this child is not a US citizen. In order for a child to become a US citizen based on

birthright, the child’s mother must be a legal US citizen or at least a legal resident (green card/student)

If the child and mother wish to become US citizens, they must go through the necessary, legal routes.

Page 17: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Who carries it out? National Government Policy Action: (what we plan to do in

our resolution) Committees named above will debate and write legislation

regarding how to regulate and implement the new policy Department of Homeland Security (cabinet department) will

implement policy and carry out enforcement Budgetary impact:

All immigrants granted amnesty will become new taxpaying citizens Protecting the border and preventing illegal immigration would have

the same cost as it does now.

US Immigration and Customs Enforcement is the main branch of the Department of Homeland Security that deals with preventing illegal immigration.

Director of ICE is John Morton.

Page 18: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Who carries it out? Senate/House Committees that deal with illegal

immigration: Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control Department of Homeland Security US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Citizenship

State agencies State courts hear many immigration-related cases Police/border patrol

Employers E-verify—make mandatory Employers will be offered incentives to have an illegal

immigrant-free staff

Page 19: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Winners and Losers Winners of amnesty for illegal

immigrants/abolishment of birthright codes: Illegal workers The Illegal unemployed Employers School systems Hospitals American citizens

Page 20: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Winners and Losers Losers of amnesty for illegal

immigrants/abolishment of birthright codes American citizens without high school

diplomas Legal residents that are high school

graduates Nurses, teachers, caregivers Children who may have been born here

to illegal parents Latin America

Page 21: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Globally Those who lose a part of the population to

immigration Have less people to support and less people living

in poverty, less mouths to feed Could result in less people in the workforce

Those who gain people due to immigration More people to support, crowding Lowers prices—more people in the workforce (but

reduces jobs for current citizens) Depends on country whether it is a net gain or

loss

Page 22: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Discussion Questions How do you think the problem of illegal

immigration should be solved? Better border control, etc.

Do you agree with granting amnesty to illegal immigrants currently residing in the United States?

Do you agree with the abolishment of the birthright codes?

Do you think it is the job of states or the federal government to make policy on illegal immigration?

Do you think the Arizona law that allows policemen to ask suspicious people for their papers should be enacted as a federal law? Do you think it promotes racism?

Page 23: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Supplemental Reading http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/0

6/poll-shows-age-gap-in-g-o-p-on-immigration/?scp=6&sq=amnesty%20for%20immigrants&st=cse

Why do you think older Republicans do not support the combined approach?

Why is this political party so divided on this issue?

Where do you think the Democrats would stand?

What would your approach be? The combined or one of the plans alone? Or something different?

Page 24: Foreign Policy By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton

Bibliography http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy

Textbook

AP Barron’s Book

http://www.cairco.org/data/quick_facts.html

http://www.cairco.org/info/background.html 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/immigration-reforms-winners-and-losers-in-workplace_id1278

http://azstar.analysisonline.org/site/aoarticle_display.asp?sec_id=140002434&news_id=140001400&issue_id=1

http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/8/1401.html