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CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATORS
INDUSTR IAL D IV IS ION
for industrial use
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:35 Pagina 3
T H E P R I N C I P L E S O F S E PA R AT I O N
The most common advantages ofcentrifugal sedimentation, moreappropriately termed CentrifugalSeparation are:• compact size of equipment,• low capital investments,• versatility,• ease of use,• low operating costs,• high performance.
The basic principle of separationby sedimentation allows for thesimultaneous separation of threedifferent, immiscible substances.PIERALISI Vertical Separatorsmake use of this three-phaseseparation regime. None of thealternative principles mentionedabove can achieve this result. Sedimentation is the physicalprocess whereby suspensions andemulsions (or a combination ofboth) are exposed to gravitationalforce, either the earth’s gravity orby using a centrifuge. By applyingg-force, the droplets and/orparticles acquire settlingvelocity (vg) and are sent to thebottom/wall of thecontainer/centrifuge bowl.
Settling velocity (vg) increases with:• bigger particle diameter,
• higher density difference,
• lower dynamic viscosity of the fluidenvironment.
Settling velocity can be estimated viaa well-known equation known asStokes’ Law:
Sedimentation is used in manyindustrial processes where it isnecessary to separate substancesthat are mixed together (dispersion).With a suitable recipient and the timeneeded to complete thesedimentation process, the two ormore substances with differentdensities will be separated (stratified)within the recipient, the lightest goingto the surface, the heaviest to thebottom. (See illustration above)
SEDIMENTATION
ADVANTAGES
But what can we do if we do not haveenough time or if we want toincrease capacity? Going back toStokes’ Law, to obtain an highersettling velocity and consequently toaccelerate the sedimentationprocess, we can replace gravitationalacceleration “g” by centrifugal
acceleration “ˆ2 r”.The centrifugalacceleration “ˆ2 r”produced in a PieralisiVertical Separator is upto ten thousand timeshigher than the ordinaryforce of gravity “g”. As aconsequence, settlingvelocity is up to tenthousand times faster,and separation can beachieved in a very shorttime and/or using verysmall volumes.
Modified Stokes’ Law
N.B. Stokes’ Law can of course only be usedwhen the settling process takes place underconditions when the Reynolds-No. is below0,25. For higher Reynolds-No., theGrassmann system has to be used, whichtakes advantage of two dimension-lessparameters: the Archimedes number andthe Omega number.
INCREASING CAPACITY
Separator S300technical drawing
Separator FPC18technical drawing
INDUSTR IAL D IV IS ION
Sedimentation is one of themost versatile separationprocesses. Pieralisi VerticalSeparators (Disc-StackSeparators) are ideally suited toseparation processes wherethe physical characteristics ofsedimentation can be appliedthanks to density difference.
Centrifugal sedimentation is oftena very good and economicalalternative to other separationprocesses such as:• Filtration: based on particle size,• Micro-Filtration: based onparticle size in the sub-micronrange,• Flotation: based on physical-chemical behaviour, i.e. surfacetension.In many cases centrifugalsedimentation and anothercomplementary technology arecombined to achieve the requiredprocess results.
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:36 Pagina 4
Pieralisi Vertical Separators combine very high rotational speed, a unique design and special materials. They generate a very highcentrifugal force which, when used for sedimentation purposes, ensures extremely efficient equipment. The mixture to be separatedis forced through a conical disc stack, where multi-layer sedimentation takes place. The separation happens very quickly as the mixturepasses through the parallel thin channels of the disc stack. A medium-sized Disc-Stack Separator, when using high centrifugal force,can be compared to the efficiency of a sedimentation tank with a surface area of 60,000 m2, the same size as a football field.In technical terms, this separator hosts an “equivalent settling area” of 60,000 m2 .
Construction materialsThe structural parts of the bowl are made of special stainlesssteel, the inside parts in contact with the product are made ofsuitable materials for the processing environment: stainlesssteel, brass or bronze. The housing of the Vertical Separator isin stainless steel, aluminium, or cast iron. The gear box ismade of cast iron or cast iron coated with stainless steel. Thegasket material is always selected according to the process.
TransmissionThe movement is always generated by an electric motor and istransmitted by means of:• clutch and worm gear• flexible coupling worm gear• set of pulleys and flat belt• rigid coupling and frequency drive.
A special transmission version makes use of a high-speedmotor coupled directly to the vertical shaft.
Feeding and discharge of process liquidsThe mixture generally is fed in through a stationary feed pipe inthe centre of the bowl. The separated liquid may be dischargedfrom the Vertical Separator by an overflow or by a built-incentripetal pump.
Thousands of “g”s are produced in the bowl of theDisc Stack Separator, the centrifugal force being theproduct of the high rotational speed and the largesize of the bowl. The rotation is generated by anelectric motor connected to the horizontal shaft bymeans of an elastic coupling or clutch. Thanks to thegear ratio produced by specially-designed gears, themovement is transferred to the vertical shaft. Thebowl is assembled on the conical top-end of thevertical shaft.
The processing liquid is fed into the centre of the bowlthrough the stationary feed pipe. Subsequently theinflow is accelerated by means of specially-designedaccelerators, forced in the first instance to theperimeter of the bowl, and then through the discswhere multi-layer separation takes place. The separatedliquid(s) flow to the top of the bowl where they aredischarged by overflow or by centripetal pumps.
The solids captured via the described settling process are collected at the perimeter of the bowl, and then discharged intermittently.This discharge is activated by a hydraulic system located underneath the separation area. In essence, the solids are discharged viaopenings at the perimeter of the bowl which are opened and closed by the down- and upwards movement of either a sliding pistonor bowl bottom.
P I E R A L I S I
V E R T I C A L S E P A R A T O R S
HOW DOES IT WORK?
DESIGN FEATURES SPECIAL VERSIONS
Feed
Paring disc “light“ phase
Paring disc “heavy“ phase
DistributorDisc stack
Sludge space
Ring valve
Operating liquidDistributor disc
Sludge ports
Outlet “light“ phase
Outlet “heavy“ phase
Sanitary versionSpecially-designed all-stainless-steel Separators, designed tobe used with a CIP cycle for cleaning purposes. This versionincorporates a so-called “gap-optimised” design to allow foreasy flushig of all critical sections.
ATEX versionSpecially-designed and certified Vertical Separators,designed to be installed in hazardous areas and for thetreatment of potentially inflammable products, i.e.Separators complying with II2G EEx cp IIB T4.These separators can be purged with nitrogen to minimisethe risk of ignition and to fulfil ATEX requirements.
Hermetic versionHydro-hermetic device installed inside the bowl, designed toensure that contact with the surrounding environment isavoided, and to prevent oxidation and gas leaks.
SECTIONOF A BOWL
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:37 Pagina 5
CLARIFICATION PURIFICATION (SEPARATION) CONCENTRATION (SKIMMING)
M A I N T Y P E S
O F S E P A R A T I O N
BIODIESEL PROCESS
Vertical Disc-Stack Separators are normally designed for one type of separation only, but in some cases, more versatile versions are
available that can carry out two different types of separation. Below is a list of the range of disc stacks and bowl designs used for
different types of separation.
Separation of suspended particles from aliquid (e.g. fruit juices, cell biomass).
Concentration of a light liquid dispersedthroughout a heavy liquid (e.g. skimming ofcream from milk).Simultaneous separation of solids is also possible.
Pieralisi offers a wide range of Vertical Disc-Stack Centrifuges and Decanters perfectly suitable to be used within the production
process of biodiesel: separation within the esterification stages, washing of crude biodiesel, polishing of end-product and treatment
of the side-streams, i.e. potassium-sulphate separation from acidified glycerine and free fatty acids.
Pieralisi centrifuges used in the biodiesel process comply with the ATEX Directive and are the ideal equipment for medium- and large-
capacity plants.
Separation of a heavy liquid from a main lightliquid (e.g. separation of water fromlubricating oil).Simultaneous separation of solids is also possible.
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:38 Pagina 6
CHEMICAL - PHARMACEUTICAL● cell biomass ● antibiotics, vaccines ● enzymes, yeasts ● special paints ● additives ● catalysts ● glycerine● inks ● insecticides ● latex
FOOD PROCESSING ● fruit juices ● wine ● vegetable oils ● animal fats ● chicken/fish stock ● seaweed ● animal blood ● avocado oil● milk, whey ● butter oil ● essential oils ● after-dinner liqueurs (herb/plant-based) ● fish oil
FUEL AND LUBE OILS● biodiesel ● lubricating engine oils ● steam turbine lubricating oils ● machine tool lubricants ● lubricants for rolling mills,reduction gears ● fuel oils for diesel engines and gas turbines ● insulating oils ● refrigerant fluids ● hardening oils
ENVIROMENT - INDUSTRY● washing liquids ● slop oils ● vegetable oil recovery ● radioactive liquids ● solvents recovery ● bilge water ● alkaline baths
Pieralisi Vertical Separators are designed to be used in four main areas of applications:
Disc-Stack Separators are able to simultaneously process dispersions of two liquids and one solid.The Pieralisi product range offers two main equipment solutions: one with solids retention (requiring manual cleaning) known as theS-Type, and the other with automatic, intermittent solids discharge, known as the FPC-Type. Three different sizes are available forboth types of equipment. The tables below show types and sizes, with some general indications of dimensions.
PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS TABLES
AREAS OF APPLICATIONS FOR VERTICAL SEPARATORS
BT= Biotechnology; CH= Chemical Processing; FB= Fermentation Broths;YC= Yeasts, Cell Biomass
AF= Animal Fats; AG= Essences, Citrus; FJ= Fruit Juice;VO= Vegetable Oil; WN= Wine
BD= Biodiesel; CF= Refrigerant Emulsions; HF= Heavy Fuel Oils;LO= Lubrication Oils; MO= Lube and Fuel Oils; ST= Fuel Oils for Gas Turbines
BW= Bilge Water; EN= Waste Water; SO= Slop Oils; WL= Washing Liquids
A P P L I C A T I O N S A N D
T E C H N I C A L F E A T U R E S
Type/Application BT CH FB YCS200S250S300FPC 6FPC 12FPC 18
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CHEMICAL - PHARMACEUTICALType/Application WNS200S250S300FPC 6FPC 12FPC 18
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FOOD PROCESSING
Type/Application STS200S250S300FPC 6FPC 12FPC 18
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FUEL AND LUBE OILSType/Application BW EN SO WLS200S250S300FPC 6FPC 12FPC 18
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ENVIRONMENT - INDUSTRY
SEPARATORS WITHSOLIDS RETAINING BOWL
SEPARATORS WITHAUTOMATIC DISCHARGE
26
FPC 18
14
FPC 12
8
FPC 6
22
S300
11
S250
4,4
1574862
640065007200640064007600
3000012000500030000120005000
S200Type
Bowl Volume (L)
Sludge Space Volume (L)
Bowl Speed (rpm), max.
Hydraulic Capacity (L/h)
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:34 Pagina 1
Via Don Battistoni, 1 - 60035 JESI (AN) - Italy - Tel. +39-0731-231.1 - Fax +39-0731-231.239www.pieralisi.com - [email protected]
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NUOVA M.A.I.P. MACCHINE AGRICOLE INDUSTRIALI PIERALISI S.p.A.Via Don Battistoni, 1 - 60035 JESI (AN) - Tel. 0731 231.1Fax 0731 231239 - www.pieralisi.com - [email protected] I.M.I. S.p.A. - Via Cellini, 53 - 50020 SAMBUCA VAL DI PESA (FI)Tel. 055 8071657/8 - Fax 055 8071748VERACI I.M.I. S.p.A. - Via S. Pietro, 12 - 60036 MONTECAROTTO (AN)Tel. 0731 899027 - Fax 0731 89259PIERALISI SUD S.p.A. - S.S. 96, Km. 117,90070026 MODUGNO (BA) - Tel. 080 5352054 - Fax 080 5352033ICM S.r.l. CARRELLI ELEVATORI - Via Brodolini, 8 - Zona Industriale Zipa60035 JESI (AN) - Tel. 0731 200350 - Fax 0731 200328
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Commercial StructurePIERALISI ESPAÑA S.L. - Av. Alcalde Caballero, 6950015 ZARAGOZA (Spain) - Tel. +34 976 515311Fax +34 976 732816 - [email protected] PIERALISI SUR - Ctra. Madrid, km 332,623009 JAEN (Spain) Tel. +34 953 284023-280866Fax +34 953 281715 - [email protected] PIERALISI HELLAS - 14 km National Road Athens - Lamia145 64 KIFISIA (Greece) - Tel. +30 210 8002460Fax +30 210 6851403 - [email protected] BENELUX B.V. - Edisonlaan, 22 - 2665 JC BLEISWIJK(Holland) - Tel. +31 10 5218788 - Fax +31 10 5218875 [email protected] DEUTSCHLAND GmbH - Ochsenfurter Str., 297246 EIBELSTADT (Germany) - Tel. +49 9303 9082-0Fax +49 9303 9082-20 - [email protected] DO BRASIL LTDA - Av. Imperatriz Leopoldina, 1735SÃO PAULO - SP - CEP 05305-007 (Brazil)Tel. +55 11 3645.3222 - Fax +55 11 3645. 2527 [email protected] ARGENTINA S.A. - Oficina Comercial la RiojaMar del Plata 2668 - Parque Industrial - 5300 LA RIOJA (Argentina)Tel./Fax +54 3822 430304PIERALISI BEIJING LTD - Room 1508, Building 2, JIUTAI 2000 Garden,No. 56 Anli Rd, Chao Yang District, BEIJING - 100012 (P.R. China)Tel. +86 10-84801916/8 - Fax +86 10-84801911
SOME INSTALLATIONS
INDUSTR IAL D IV IS ION
MINIMON_SEPATORE GB 10-04-2006 11:35 Pagina 2
