FM 2-6 ( Crew Drill Light Armored Car M8 )

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WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL- bUNCLASSSIFIED ol aQ8D 0 52004 R

CREW DRILLLIGHT ARMORED CARn ~M8

2L" r...reprint for stock only andwill nol be issued to individualspossessing the original publication.

OF RESTRICTED MAT. ER.. o

,,- Ose Esfaon.de rt posinon t

knoWAdge rTE T..t-inid ol . oDCiEEtu19ieiS entrslted only to those I ediVidahdaso .. 3BO-S..require such knowledge or polelia'f.

WAR DEPARTMENT DECEMBER 1943


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JA R D E P A R T M E N T FIELD MA4NUALFM 2-6

CREW DRILLLIGHT ARMORED CAR

M8

WAfR DEPARTMENT . DECEMBER 1943

_ "l~e1 DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.-Noperson is entitled solely by virtue of his grade or position toknowledge or possession of classified matter. Such matteris entrusted only to those individuals whose official dutiesrequire such knowledge or possession. (See also AR 380-5.)

United States Government PrintingO icWashington:1948


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WAR DEPARTMENT,WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 30 December 1943.

FM 2-6, Cavalry Field Manual, Crew Drill, Light ArmoredCar M8, is published for the information and guidance of allconcerned.[A. G. 300.7 (16 Nov 1943).]

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:G. C. MARSHALL,Chief of Staff,

OFFICIAL:J. A. ULIO,Major General,The Adjutant General.DISTRIBUTION:D 2, 7, 17 (5); Bn and H 2, 18 (5); IC 2, 18 (20).(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)

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TABLE OF CONTENTSParagraphs Page

SECTION I. eneral___--- ___--_--_--------------__ 1-2 1II. Crew composition and formations_________ 3-4 2III. Crew control___________-________________- 5-6 3IV. Crew drill ______-_______- --_____________ 7-11 7V. Signals_----.-----______--- __---___------ 12 9VI. Dismounted action__----------- ___----- 13-14 9VII. Inspections -------- _--------------------- 15 10VIII. Service of 37-mm gun _-----_____ ________- 16-22 10IX. Mounted action___ -__.__-___--____------ 23-27 13X. Special situations______--- __------------- 28-29 14XI. Destruction of equipment_______-___----- 30-33 15APPENDIX --__--- ___----__-___________________-- --------- 17

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FM 2-61-2

CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CAR M8SECTION I

GENERAL 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE.-a. This manual is designed for theuse of the platoon leader and car commander in trainingmembers of the crew of the light armored car M8. (See fig.1.) It is to be used as a guide to achieve orderly, disciplined,and efficient execution of mounted and dismounted action,and precision, accuracy, and speed in the service of the ve-hicular weapons.b. Reference is made to other War Department publica-tions where appropriate. A complete list is contained inFM 21-6.* 2. TRAINING PRINCIPLE.-Training in crew drill will stressthe importance of the prompt execution of correct movementsat all times. Strict adherence to standardized proceduresduring the training period will insure the smooth functioningof the crew as a team in critical combat situations.

FIGURE 1.-Light armored car M8.1


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3-4 _LSECTION II

CREW COMPOSITION AND FORMATIONS 3. COMPOSITION.-The crew of the light armored car M8consists of four members, a car commander, a radio operatorand assistant driver (hereafter referred to as radio operator),a driver, and a radio operator and gunner (hereafter re-ferred to as gunner). The car commander may be an officeror a noncommissioned officer. 4. FORMATIONS.-a. Dismounted posts .-The crew forms inone rank. (See fig. 2.) The car commander takes his postthree paces in front of the right front wheel, facing to thefront. The radio operator, driver, and gunner, in that order,take posts on the left of the car commander at close interval(4 inches).

3 PACES

0000(RadOpr&)CAR COMDR GUNNER

RADIO OPERATOR DRIVERL& sst drber)FIGURE 2.-Dismounted posts.2


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CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CAR M8 4-5

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Ii I,Hg~ (Rad Opr&)CAR COMDR GUNNER

RADIO OPERATOR DRIVER(& mstriver)FIGURE 3.-Method of mounting.

b. Mounted posts.-The crew forms mounted as follows(see fig. 4):(1) Car commander.-On the right side of the turret,standing on the floor, or sitting or standing on the turretseat.(2) Radio operator.-In the assistant driver's seat.(3) Driver.-In the driver's seat.(4) Gunner.-On the left side of the turret, standing onthe floor, or sitting or standing on the turret seat.

SECTION IIICREW CONTROL

* 5.. OPERATION OF INTERPHONE.-a. The interphone is usedwhenever the car is operated. After mounting, headsets and

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5-6 CAVALRY FIELD MANUALmicrophones are put on and tested according to the pro-cedure outlined in paragraph 1 of the appendix.

b. In connecting the break-away plug, each crew memberinserts the plug of the short cord extending from his head-set, into the break-away plug of the extension cord of hisinterphone control box. The throat microphone is adjustedso that the microphone buttons fit firmly on the front partof the operator's neck, and is connected to the break-awayplug on the extension cord. During the procedure of check-ing interphone, each crew member adjusts the volume con-trol on his interphone control box to the desired level. Caremust be taken that the microphone switch does not remainin a locked position.

c. It is the duty of each man invariably to check his per-sonal interphone equipment upon mounting. He ascertainsthat it is properly maintained and reports malfunctions tothe car commander.d. Definite Gommands and terminology are set forth inparagraph 6, These terms, and such others as are stand-ardized by individual units, are used in order to insure speedand accuracy in the transmission of orders. General con-versation on the interphone causes misunderstanding anddisorder and is detrimental to discipline.* 6. INTERPHONE LANGUAGE.--l. Terms.

Car commander_____ LIEUTENANT or SERGEANTRadio operator -----_ RADDriver--____--------- DRIVERGunner--__--------- GUNNERAny unarmored car___ CARArmored car--------- ARMORED CARAny unarmored truck_ TRUCKAny antitank gun.___ ANTITANKInfantry____________DOUGHSMachine gun_________ MACHINE GUNAirplane ---------__ PLANETank -----_-----__. TANKMines ______------__- MINESDitch ----__--------- DITCH

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6 CAVALRY FIELD MANUALb. Commands for movement of car (see also FM 2-5).

To move forward--_-- DRIVER MOVE OUTTo halt-------------- DRIVER STOPTo reverse _--------- DRIVER REVERSETo decrease speed__-- DRIVER SLOW DOWNTo turn right 90 _----- DRIVER CLOCK 3, STEADYONTo turn left 60 _ __-- DRIVER CLOCK 10, STEADYONTo turn right (left)180 _--------------- DRIVER, CLOCK 6 RIGHT(LEFT), STEADY ONTo have driver movetoward a terrainfeature or referencepoint, the car beingheaded in proper

direction________-- DRIVER MARCH ON WHITEHOUSE (HILL, DEAD TREE,ETC.)To follow in column__ DRIVER FOLLOW THAT CAR(DRIVER FOLLOW C A RNO. __)

To follow on road ortrail--------------- DRIVER RIGHT ON ROAD(DRIVER RIGHT ONTRAIL)To start engine___--- DRIVER CRANK UPTo stop engine------- DRIVER CUT ENGINETo proceed in a spe-cific gear________- _ DRIVER THIRD GEAR(FIRST GEAR) (FOURTH

GEAR)To proceed at samespeed-__--______--- DRIVER STEADY

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CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CAR MS 6-7c. Commands for control of turret.

To traverse turret---- GUNNER TRAVERSE LEFT(RIGHT) (REAR)To stop turret trav-erse-----_-------- GUNNER STEADY, ON

d. Fire orders.-See FM 23-50 and 23-81.SECTION IV

CREW DRILLU 7. To FORM CREW.-a. Crew being dismounted.-At thecommand DISMOUNTED POSTS, FALL IN, crew takes dismountedposts (see par. 4a and fig. 2). In falling in, crew men-bers dress automatically on the car commander at closeinterval and then come to attention without command.b. Crew being at dismounted posts.-At the commandFALL OUT, the crew breaks ranks. Members habitually fallout to the right of the car.c. Crew being at dismounted posts.-At the command CALLOFF, the members of the crew call off in turn as follows:(1) Car commander_ _. SERGEANT (or LIEUTENANT).(2) Radio operator-_--. RAD.

(3) Driver -----------. DRIVER.(4) Gunner -_____----- GUNNER.d. Crew being at dismounted posts.-To change designa-

tions and duties, the cbmmand is: FALL OUT SERGEANT (RAD)(GUNNER).(1) At the command-

(a) The man designated to fall out moves by the rear tothe left flank position and becomes gunner.(b) The crew members on the left of the vacated post movesmartly to the right one position and prepare to call off theirnew designations.(c) The crew member occupying the car commander'spost starts calling off as soon the the crew is re-formed inline.(2) The movement may be executed by ordering any mem-ber of the crew except the gunner to fall out.

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7-11 CAVALRY FIELD MANUAL(3) The movement should be executed with snap and pre-cision at double time.

* 8. To MOUNT CREW-a. The crew, being at dismountedposts or dismounted, is mounted at the command or signalMOUNT. At the command or signal, crew members mountas prescribed in paragraph 1 of the appendix. (See also figs.3 and 4.) During early stages of training, mounting shouldbe done "by the numbers."b. Crew drill is conducted habitually with the gun cover ofthe 37-mm gun and the coaxial machine gun removed. Bothhatch top covers will clear the guns if the turret traverse isset between 0 and 1 Left. The exact turret setting for eachvehicle should be determined by the gunner and the traversehabitually placed on that setting before the gunner dismountsfrom the vehicle. Under special circumstances, when it isdesired to leave the muzzle cover on during crew drill, the37-mm gun is carried in a position between 0 and 1 Right toenable the driver's hatch top cover to clear. 9. To CLOSE HATCHES.-At the command CLOSE HATCHES,the crew proceeds as outlined in paragraph 2 of the appen-dix.* 10. To OPEN HATCHES.-At the command OPEN HATCHES,the crew proceeds as outlined in paragraph 3 of the appendix.* 11. To DISMOUNT CREW.-a. The crew, being at mountedposts with hatch front covers open,'is dismounted withoutvehicular weapons at the command or signal DISMOUNT.The crew proceeds as outlined in paragraph 4 of the appendix.

NoTE.-If the gun cover is left on the guns, it will be necessaryfor the gunner to move the turrent sufficiently to the left to enableradio operator to open his hatch top cover after the driver hasopened his. (See par. 8b.)b. When the radio is to be used, the radio operator or thegunner remains in the car. The command for this is: EX-

CEPT RAD (GUNNER) DISMOUNT.c. The crew habitually dismounts wearing helmets andcarrying individual weapons.

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CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CAR M8 12-14SECTION VSIGNALS

* 12. VISUAL SIGNALS.-a. Flag signals.-(1) Each armoredcar normally carries three solid color flags, red, green, andorange.(2) Flags are displayed vertically through the turret andmay be moved to attract attention, or held stationary.(3) The meanings of the signals are as follows:

Red-Enemy in sight.Green-All clear, ready, or understood.Orange-Out of action or disregard my actions.Green and orange-Assemble, or close.Red and green-Disperse.Red, green, and orange-Gas.

(4) Additional signals may be improvised.(5) The commands conveyed by the flag signals are exe-

cuted as soon as they are understood.(6) All subordinates are required to repeat flag signalsas soon as they are understood.

b. Other visual signals.-Arm-and-hand, light, fire con-trol, driver's, and pyrotechnic signals are discussed in de-tail in FM 2-7 (when published).SECTION VI

DISMOUNTED ACTION* 13. To FIGHT ON FOOT.-At the command or signal FIGHTON FOOT, the crew proceeds as outlined in paragraph 5 ofthe appendix.* 14. To REMOUNT.-a. At the car commander's signal OUTOF ACTION, the machine gun is taken out of action as pre-scribed in FM 23-45. If the driver has moved the vehicleto cover, the car commander signals BRING UP THE VE-HICLE. The crew is mounted as prescribed in paragraph 8.

b. After mounting, the crew replaces the weapons and am-munition which were removed for dismounted action.

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15-17 CAVALRY FIELD MANUALSECTION VII

INSPECTIONS* 15. GENERAL.-a. To -insure mechanical efficiency it isnecessary that the armored car systematically receive pre-ventive maintenance and inspections at regular intervals.The car commander is responsible for seeing that all inspec-tions are made. He aids in making inspections and receivesthe reports from the various crew members relative to theirindividual inspections. He indicates in his report anythingrequiring the services of maintenance personnel. In super-vising first echelon maintenance he uses his discretion indelegating responsibility to other crew members.b. The Driver's Report must be prepared carefully andthoroughly. Any irregularity previously reported which isnot repaired before the car is used again is reentered onsubsequent reports until such time as it has been corrected.

c. For crew duties in performing inspection and mainte-nance before operation, inspection during operation, inspec-tion at the halt, and inspection after operation, see para-graphs 6 to 9, inclusive, of the appendix.SECTION VIII

SERVICE OF 37-MM GUN* 16. GENERAL.-The gun crew of the 37-mm antitank gunconsists of the gunner who aims and fires the piece, and thecar commander who controls and adjusts fire and also acts asassistant gunner and loader. See paragraphs 10 to 14, inclu-sive, of the appendix for duties of crew in serving the turretguns. (See fig. 5.)* 17. LOADING.-The car commander grasps the cartridgeat the base with his left hand, turns the projectile to thefront, swings his arm toward the breech, and inserts theround in the opening. After the nose of the projectile entersthe chamber, he propels the round forward by a quick pushwith his thumb and fingers on the base of the round, andmoves the arm upward to clear the closing breechblock. (Seefig. 6. Note position of fingers.) He then touches the leg of

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CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CA R M8 20-24except in combat. The breech is left open and the gunnertakes post to receive the round as it is pushed out of thechamber. The car commander, using the rammer staff,rams the round out. The round should be shoved out ofthe gun with a steady pressure. If this does not suffice, therammer may be tapped gently with a light block of wood.If the round cannot be removed by this procedure, expe-rienced ordnance personnel should be called.* 21. MALFUNCTIONS.-A malfunction of the gun or the am-munition causes a temporary cessation of fire. Most mal-functions can be prevented by proper care and cleaning ofgun and ammunition. Immediate action is the procedurefollowed in order to correct the malfunction promptly. Thecauses of and immediate action for the various malfunctionsof the 37-mm gun M6 are set forth in FM 23-81.* 22. CARE AND CLEANING.-The vital importance of propercare and maintenance of vehicular weapons must be stressedthroughout crew training. See FM 23-81 and FM 23-50.

SECTION IXMOUNTED ACTION

* 23. To LOAD WEAPONs.-Normally, the 37-mm gun is leftunloaded, with breechblock closed, until the actual fire orderis given. The car commander then loads the gun. Themachine gun is kept half loaded during the approach march,when action is not imminent, and in bivouac. It is keptfully loaded at all times when there is any likelihood of theappearance of enemy targets.* 24. DUTIES IN FIRING.-a. The car being prepared foraction and the weapons loaded, at the command FIRE eachcrew member executes such of the duties enumerated in par-agraph 11 of the appendix as will insure the continued firingof weapons and operation of the car.b. Driver.-(1) When car is moving.-(a) The driver con-tinues to drive in the direction indicated by the car com-mander. He operates the car at a constant speed, avoidingacceleration and deceleration as much as possible. He does

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24-28 CAVALRY FIELD MANUALnot deviate from the designated course except to avoid largeobstacles or to change course as directed by the car com-mander. When the car is about to pass over rough groundor make a necessary change of course, the driver warns thegunner by calling "Rough" or "Changing course." Eventhough the car is slightly off the most advantageous courseat the moment, the driver does not make any correctionsince even a small change in direction Wvill upset the gunner'stracking.(b) If the car commander does not order a gear ratio,the driver selects a gear ratio which will permit maintenanceof the ordered constant speed consistent with the variationsof the particular terrain. If the car commander announcesthe gear, the driver drives at the ordered speed or at aselected speed consistent with the terrain.

(2) When car is not moving.-(a) The driver keeps thevehicle in readiness to move promptly on order of the carcommander.(b) He observes the sector assigned by the car commanderand reports targets to the car commander.

* 25. To SUSPEND FIRING.-At the command or signal sus-PEND FIRING, firing is stopped as prescribed in paragraph 12 ofthe appendix.* 26. To CEASE FIRING.-At the command CEASE FIRING, thecrew proceeds as outlined in paragraph 13 of the appendix.* 27. To SECURE EQUIPMENT.-At the command SECURE EQUIP-MENT, the crew proceeds as outlined in, paragraph 14 of theappendix.

SECTION XSPECIAL SITUATIONS

* 28. ACTION IN CASE OF FIRE.-The first crew member todiscover a fire gives the alarm, announcing the location ofthe fire; example, ENGINE FIRE (HULL FIRE). Crew membersproceed as follows: The driver takes the hand fire extin-guisher and directs it on the fire. Other members of the crewwill assist in combating the fire until further progress seemsimpossible. They dismount only on order of the car com-

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CREW DRILL, LIGHT ARMORED CAR M8 28-30mander. When time permits, the crew, in abandoning thevehicle, removes the 37-mm gun sight, the machine gun(s),carbines, grenades, and as much ammunition as possible.* 29. To ABANDON VEHICLE.-At the command ABANDON VE-HICLE, crew members follow procedure prescribed in para-graph 5 of the appendix, to fight on foot, except that allavailable caliber .30 machine-gun ammunition and hand gre-nades are removed from the car, if the situation permits, asa reserve suppfy for the crew. If practicable, wounded per-sonnel are removed.

SECTION XIDESTRUCTION OF EQUIPMENT

* 30. GENERAL.-a. Situations may arise when materiel mustbe destroyed to prevent-(1) Its capture intact by the enemy.(2) Its use by the enemy, if captured, against our own orallied troops.b. The principles to be followed are:(1) The destruction of mat6riel subject to capture orabandonment in the combat zone is undertaken only whenin the judgement of the military commander concerned suchaction is necessary. The destruction of materiel is a com-mand decision to be implemented only on authority dele-gated by the division or higher commander.(2) Methods for the destruction of materiel subject tocapture or abandonment in the combat zone must beadequate, uniform, and easily followed in the field.(3) Destruction must be as complete as available time,equipment, and personnel will permit. If thorough destruc-tion of all parts cannot be completed, the most important

features of the materiel should be destroyed, and parts essen-tial to the operation or use of the materiel which cannot beeasily duplicated should be ruined or destroyed. The sameessential parts must be destroyed on all like units to preventthe enemy from constructing one complete unit from severaldamaged ones by cannibalization.c. Crews will be trained in the prescribed methods of de-15


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30-33 CAVALRY FIELD MANUAL

struction, but training will not involve the actual destructionof mat6riel.d. Certain methods require special tools and equipment,such as TNT and incendiary grenades,' which normally maynot be items of issue. The issue of such special tools andmat6riel, the vehicles for which issued, and the conditionsunder which destruction will be effected are command de-cisions in each case, according to the tactical situation.* 31. ARMORED CARS.-a. To destroy vehicle see paragraph15 of the appendix.b. Whenever time and materials are available, combine thevehicle destruction outlined in paragraph 15 of the appendixwith the armament and equipment destruction outlined inparagraph 16 of the appendix. If possible, detach and evac-uate all machine guns mounted in the vehicle prior to de-.stroying it. For additional methods, see FM 25-10.* 32. WEAPONS.-a. 37-mm gun.-To destroy 37-mm gun, seeparagraph 16 of the appendix. For additional methods, seeFM 23-81.b. Small arms.-For details of destroying carbines andlight machine guns, see FM 23-7 and FM 23-50, respectively.- 33. RADIO EQUPMENT.-Secret and confidential equipment,codes, ciphers, cipher devices, and all instruction books willbe destroyed beyond recognition when subject to capture orabandonment in the combat area. For details of methodsto be employed for destroying various ;types of communica-tion material, see FM 24-5. Radio sets may be destroyed bysmashing with an ax'or other heavy instrument. Dispose ofbroken equipment by burning or burying.

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APPENDIX ParagraphTo mount______________________ ___________________________ 1To close hatches ________________-__________________ ____ _ 2To open hatches_________________________________-_________ 3To dismount_____ _____-_______-_____-----_________._ 4To fight on foot -__________________________________________ 5Inspection and maintenance before operation -______________ 6Inspection during operation ---- _--_-------- __________--____ 7Inspection at halt__-___________.___------ ___________ 8Inspection after operation ____-__.______-___________________ 9To prepare to fire-_ __________________------------ 10Duties in firing____----- ___--------------- --------------_ 11To suspend fire___------------. 12To cease firing ______ _______ ----___-------------------_---- 13To secure equipment ______-------------_------------_--_- 14To destroy vehicle___________-_____________________-------- -_ 15To destroy weapons--______----- ----------- --------------- 16

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Documents

FM 2-6 ( Crew Drill Light Armored Car M8 )