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TAELE OF CONTENTS
SECIION I - UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION
l.l Pocking Doto, Model 10-000 (RockJv'lount)
i'.; i"i'li.n oot", Model '10-005 (Field)
1.3 Pwer Source ond Wiring
1.1 SomPle SYstem
i; iitt t ond Lisht sorce hstollotion
1.6 Environment1.7 lrlounting Considerotions
sEcTloN 2 - coNTRoLs, |NDlcAToRs, AND TELEMETRY oUTruTs
2.1 Generol2.2 Controls2.3 Indicotors2.4 Telemetry OutPuts
SECTTON 3 - OPERATION
3.1 Set UP
3.2 Colibrotion3.3 OPerotion
SECTION 4 - SERVICE
4.1 WorrontY1.2 Obtoining Service
4.3 DisossemblY
4.1 iiointenonce ond Adiustment
SECTION 5 - TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
5.1 SYstem
5.2 Electronics5.3 +9 ond +5 Volt Pwer
5.1 [omP ond -8 Volt Power
5.5 LomP fleoter5.6 Light ChoPPer Position Sersor
5.7 heomPlifier;:; ri-o--l,rttiptitt Hish Voltoge Pwer Supplv
S.P ComPosite Sigrrl DescriPtion
5.10 Meter AmPlifier Circuits
5.ll Ronge Chonger Circuits
APTENDICES
Wiring the TelemetrY ConrectosBrochureAccesorY Instructiors
Figure l. Power Wring, lv{odel 1(F000 Rock Mor'rnt
Fluorometer " " " "2Figure 2. Power Wring, lvlodel l0-005 Field
Fluorometer ' ' 3
Fiourc3.;;;i;A*",CoverRemoved ' ' ' ' ' "t;iffi;. il;r;;;L-'brv' ' "'r2;l:#;: 6ii*i1r'"' "" '16
;1ffi;: iri*ia"'"t-^r"s svstem " " "18;i:il;: i""#- er."*"io svstem ' ' " "leFilure 8. +9 ond +5 Volt RegJlotors- ' ' ' ' ' '20
;:il;: r..-p""a-8Volt-Pryersupplv'''''21;iffii;.i".lx.."'Schemotic ' ' ' ' ' ' ''22;iil ii:i:,sf,t A'PP"' Position serson ' ' ' ' '23
Filure 12. Preonplifier "'U n"ttt'i'lpfier Sch-emctic ' ' ' ' '21
;iil i3: iiil V'ri"g" Powei supplv'schemoric ' : ' '25
ffi;i;: i't'i.r.v"tG', n*'*'il's"'*e/Demodulotor ' ' '26
;iffii;:iiilrD.#iJr'to'oJm"t"circuib' ' ' ' ' '27
;lil i;:R.il S.i""to' step Gtor orive ' ' ' '2e
;lil i;:R# iosition semors " "31;iil: i;:;;prin"' rcs Ports Locotion ' ' ' ' '32
;1ffii;:i'JiJ^'rcgPortslocotion ' ' ' ' ' ''33Hffiio. ir"','g.-itip"t"Locotion ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '34
;1il;;:ilf,i'*'orcsPortsLocatim ' ' ' ' '35
F sEcTlON I - UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION
!
t.l PACKING DATA, Model lO-000 or lO-000R (Rock Mount)
Your shipment consists of two boxes' The lorge box contoins:
I - Model 10-000 or IO-OO0R Rock Mont Fluorometer
i - 6p"t.'f"g ond Service lvlonuol' 10-070
I - 3-2 wire po*"' "ond
odoptor - instolled on the end of the
oower cord
The sePorote smoll box contoins:
I - Box of 5 fuses' 3AG 3 AMP SLO-BLO-
I - Box of 5 fuses, 3AB l/2 AMP SLO-BLO* I - Spore cuvette 10-134 (o short piece ot Precrsron
bore glos tubino)* I - iog ciontoining iout "O" rinss' qnd extro lubricont
* I - Desiccont Replocement Kit' lO-023 (o gloss ior
contoining ten smoll bogs)
CAUTIONI Leove seoledl fimcPhericrmoisture will
reni* t-ftlt-1"*t"ctive ' (Con be regeneroted)'
Your occessory order' Pleose refer to y-our purchose order
o.J il" po"tting lists in the AccesoqyOpercting lnstruc-
tions ot the t"d ;i;;; t;t'ol to "iifv the bolonce of
the confenfs '
1.2 PACKING DATA, Model l0-005 or l0-005R (Field)
Your shipment consists of two boxes' The lorge box contoins:
I - Model l0-005 or lO-005R Field Fluorcmeter
i - O-pttoti"n ond Seruice Monuol ' '10-070
The sePorote smoll box contoins:
1 - Telemeiry Connector' Femole' l0-0O6' complete with
o Power cord'I - 3-2 wire power cond odoptor - instolled on the end of the
power cord 't -'Box of 5 fuses, 3AG 3 AMP SLO-8LO
i - i". .r 5 fuses, 3AB l/2 AMP sLo-BLo. i - io".. cuvette 10-l3i (o short piece of precision bore
gioss tubing)* I -
-Boo
"ontoiiing fou' "O" rinS' ond extro lubriconi
* I - D.ri""ont Replocement Kir' l0-023 (o gloss ior contoining
ten smoll bogs)'
CAUTIONI Leove seoled-l Atmospheric moisture willt;;ll;t ineffective' (Con be regeneroted)'
Youroccessoryorder.Pleoserefertoyourpurchoseonderond,#o""- .r-n! il"" in fhe Accessory Operoting,Instruciions oi the
.ti'.flf.it"t"."ol to verify the tolqnce of the contents'
I.3 POW€R SOURCE AND WIRING
1.3.1 Power Requirements
i.i-Z p"*"' Connnections' Model l0-000 Rock Mount
Fluorometer - Reor Terminol StriP
1.3.3 Power Connections' Model l0-000 Rock Mount
Fluorometer - vio Telemeiry Connector.. '
1.3.4 Power Connections' Modei l0-005 Field Fluorometer
r lf the l0-020 High-Volume Continuous-Flow Cuvette System is not
t"""f t.a' these 'rltems will be deleted'
Power Requirements
The power requirements of the model l0-000 Rock MqlntFluorometer ond the model l0-005 Field Fluoromefer oreldenticol. The instnments moy be connected for use withI l7 volt A.C., 230 volt A.C. or twelve volt D.C. sources.Powcr rcquircmenh with ihese different hook-ups ore osfollowc:
| . When hooked up for I 17 volt A.C. -
Use 105 to 130 volt 50 to 400 cps A.C. Severolminutes ot 140 volts will couse no domoge.
Current droin is obout 0.3 ffiperes, ot 120 volts.
2. When hoked up for 230 volt AC. -
Use 210 to 260 volts 50 to,{O0 cps A.C. Severolminutes ot 280 volts will couse no donoge.
Current droin is obout 0.15 omperer, ot 240 volts.
3. Whon hooked up for twelve volt D.C. -
Use I I to 16 volts D.C.
Current required is independent of voltoge ot obout2.0 omperes.
CAUTIONt The negoiive'D.C. power line is groundedto the instrument cose. Preferobly, ihe instrurnent ondoll telemefry outputs should be isoloted from the D.C.source. lf this is not possible, ground to the 3g!!1rcside of the D.C. power source g!1.
Power Connections, lvlodel l0-000 Rock MountFluorometer - Reor Terminol Strip
Here h_ howJhe reor ponel terminol strip looks - for 105 to130 volt A.C. operotim:
GREENBI.ACK
JUMPERS
GREEN
1
re I.
ON-OFF
TO
REGULATOR
GE AI5 F
+ 82NlF2$l
FRAME &CIRCUITGROUND
T ts nenn enNel
Q ts rnemrrRY coNN.
Power Wiring, Model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer
As received - your instrument is reody for use wiih 105 to130 volt 50 to 400 cps A,C. power. Just plug in the powercord ottoched to the reor teminol sfrip. Remove the 3-2wire plug odoptor shipped on ihe end of th-e pmr cord -if your instolloiion hos o stondond three prong power outlet.lf you hove the older two prong power outlet, ground thetob extending from the 3-2 wire plug odoptor, ond plug itinto your outlet.
For 210 to 260 volt-A.C. operotim, power opplied thrcughthe reor ponel terminol strip:
l. Remove the iumper between teminols 3 ord 4.
2. Remove the iumper between terminols 5 ond 6.
lnstoll o jumper between terminqls 4 ond 5.
4. Reploce the power connector with one to motch yourpower ouflet. Green is ground. White is Neutrol.Block is hot.
For D.C. operotion, power opplied through the reor ponelterminol strio:
l. Remove the power cord - or put if in such o ploce fhotit connot be plugged in.
2. Connect negotive power to terminol 9.
CAUTIONI The negotive D.C. po*er line is gmordedti-If,fns-rrument cose. Preferobiy, the instrument ondoll telemetry outputs should be isoloted frmr the D.C.source. lf this is not possible, ground to the negotiveside of the D.C. power source only.
3. Connect positive power to teminol 10.
Ng]lt lf you revene poloriry by mistoke, the twoGE Al5F diodes will ocf os o shirrt circuit. The 3 AMPfuse will blow,rbut the instrument will not be domoged.
1.3,3 Power Connections, Model t0-000 Rock lvlount Fluorcmeter- vio Telemefry Connecfor.
l. Obtoin o l0-001 Telemetry Connector, lvlole.
2. Remove the power cord from the reor ponel teiminol strip.
3, For ll7 volt A.C. operotion, the following iumpenshould be in ploce on the reor ponel teminol strip:
terminql2to3 (odd)terminol 3 to 4 (os shipped)teminol 5 to 6 (os shipped)ferminol 7to8 (odd)
No other iumpers should be present.
4. For 230 volt A.C. operotion, the following iumpenmust be removed from the reor ponel teminol sfrip:
terminol3to4 (remove)teminol 5to6 (remove)
In oddition, the following iumpers must be odded:
teminol 2to3 (odd)reminol 4to5 (odd)teminol 7to8 (odd)
No other iumpers should bepresent.
tr--otr-@
7n
5. For D.C. operttion - check thot no iumpers go ioterminols 9 or l0'
6. Refer to Appendix l, Wiring the Telemefry Connector -fc fhe mechonicol detoils of hondling the wires which
enter the TelemetrY Connector'
7. For A.C. operotion - connect your Power source to the
TelemetrY Connector os follows:
PinA-ExtemolgroundPin B - Power source neutrol wire
Pin C - Power source hot wire
8. For D.C. operotion - connect your Power source to the
Telemetry Conmcfor os follows:
PinD-NegotivePower
CAUTIONI The negotive D.C. Power line is grounded
E-T6ffiFrutent cose. Preferobly, the irstrument ond oll
. telemeiry outputs should be isoloted from the D'C' source'
lf this is not possible, ground to the negotive side of the
D.C. power source 93!a.
PinE-PositivePower
NOTE: lf you revece polority by mistoke, the two GE
E-tsf dioder *ill oct os o short. circuit. The 3 AMP
fuse will blow, but the hctrument will not be domoged'
l;3.4 Power Connections, Model 10-005 Field Fluorometer
TO TfGUL.ATOR
ON-OFF
I 15 V JUMPERS GE A I5FJ
8200,lF25V
FRAME & CIRCUIT GRD.
Figure 2. Power Wiring - Model l0-005 Field Fluorometer
Your model l0-005 Field Fluorometer is supplied cmpletewith o l0-006 Telemetry Connector, femole; it is prewiredto o oower cord.
The instrument is internolly wired for 105 to 130 volt 50 to400 cps operotion. Instqll the Telemetry Connector on thefront ponel. Remove the 3-2 wire plug odoptor shipped on theend of the power cord - if your instol lotion hc o stondordthree-prong power outlet. lf you hove the older two-prongpower outlet, ground the fob extending from the 3-2 wireplug odoptor ond plug it into your outlet.
For 210 to 260 volt A.C. operotion:
l. Ploce fhe instrument on o work surfoce, front ponelexposed ond up. Remove the l8 t8-32 screws qround
the periphery of the front ponel. Pull fhe enlireinstrument out of the cose ond ploce it upside down on
the work surfoce, front ponel to your right.
Locote the moin power fronsfomer mounted on the rightside ponel, directly behind the Telemetry Connector'
Rmove the iumpen between terminqls I ond 2 ondbetween terminols 3 ond 4.
Solder o iumper between ierminqls 2 ond 3.
Slip the instrument bock in the cose, ond put ihe 18 -18-32 ro"rr bock in ploce very loosely, so you ccn
slide the front ponel oround for best hole oligrmenf.Progressively tighten oll screws until they ore snug, butnof deod t:ght.
6. Reploce the power connector on the l0-006 TelemetryConnector, femole with one to motch your power outlet.Green is ground. White is Neutrol. Block is Hot.
For D.C. Operotion:
l. Refer to Appendix l, Wiring the Telemetry Connector- for the mechonicol detoils of hondling the wires whichenter ihe Telemetry Connector.
Remove the power cord - or put it in such o ploce thot itconnot be plugged in.
3. Connect negotive Power fo Pin D.
CAUTIONI The negotive D.C. power lire is grounded
tiJfrffirrment cose. Preferobly, the instrument ond
oll telemetry outpufs should be isoloted from fhe D.C.sorce. lf this is not po*ible, ground to the gg1!y9side of the D.C. power source only.
4. Connect posiiive power to Pin E.
NOTE: lf you reveBe polority by mistoke, the two GEATT5F diodes will oct o! o short circuit. The 3 dMP fusc
will blow, but ihe instrument will not be domoged.
1.4 SAMPLE SYSTEM (See Figure 3)
1.4.1 Continuous Flow Cuvette Removol.
1.4.2 Continuous Flow Cuvette Instollotion.1.4.3 Cmiinuos Flow Cuvette lvloinfenonce.1.4.4 Continuous Flow Cwette Extemol Connictions.1.4.5 Desiccont Use with the Continuous Flow Cuvette.
1.4.1 Continuous Flow Cuvette Removol.
1. Droin the systeml Remove oll fittings from the Intokeond Exhoust Fittings.
Remove the 14#842 screws which retoin the Somple
Comportment Cover. lf you hove ony kouble with thegosket under this cover sticking, remember thot it is
glued to the cover. A little penuosion with o thinknife between i6e gosket ond the Somple Coinportment
Costing should be sufficient,
lf you hove iust received your instrument, the Lomp willnot yet be instolled.
lf you ore chonging from one opplicotion to onother, ond
desire to mointoin colibrotion, you should mork the Lomp
so thot it moy be retumed to its originol Posiiion.
A dob of noil polish on the lower bose of the lomp workwell.
Remove the lomp (if instolled), by rototing 90o ond pullingi t out towords you .
4. Remove the Upper Stud ond the Lower Stud. Remove theExcitotion Filter Holder Assembly'
5. Using the Allen Wrench stored in the Desiccont Holder,loosen ihe Upper Set Screw. Pull up on the Exhoust
Fitting, rotoiing it bock ond forth o little, to free it.Be coreful I The Cuveite mqy come out with the Exhoust
Firting. lf it does - remove it with the Exhoust Fifting.lf noi - pull if up ond oul ofier you hove removed the
Exhoust Fitting.
J.
4.
&
2.
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e
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u.l&UatdEt
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t-3zozv(Jo
frze.uJ
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coozV
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=,4,
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coozYoo-x
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I
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UJCL
6-
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ou,
iv.oTL
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tr|rIL)zIIJe,Ltlt!llJ&,
CL
:
ilffi
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tlrxCL
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at
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Figure 3. Somple Areo, Cover Removed
t"
;&UVIo-
=JU
III{
I
il,,'.1
T
Loosen the Lower Set Screw' Pull down on the Intoke
Fitting, rototing it bock ond forth o little' to free it'
' NOTE: The Intoke ond Exhoust Fittings ore identicol'
D6FFworry obout getting them mixed up'
7. Wipe up ony spilled liquids' lf.ony old De-siccont
bog were in ploce' remove ond discord mem'
1.4.2 Continuous Flow Cuvette lnstollotion'
Normolly, this procedure will stort with the following items
removed fiom Your instrument:
l. Somple Comportment Cover, ond l4 screws'
2. Lomp.3. Upper ond Lower Studs'
4. Exciiotim Filter Holder Assembly'
Proceed os follows:
l. Corefullv iropect the two "O" rings m the Exhoust'' ' 'oke Fitting for nicks or teors'Fitting ond two on the Inr
i;il;;"l. ony sign of deteriorotion - reploce them with
n.*i'O'i tinst, in your l0-021 Cuvette Replocement Kit'
(This kit wos supplied with your instrument')
lf you do reploce the "O" rings - order o 10-022 'O"Ring Kit.
.Be sure thot the round rubber flot wchers supplied on^.
if." i"l.r.i."a Intoke Fittings ore in ploce' These {lot
woshers ore nesr the stnoller "O" rings' ogoinst-the tlot
.ulo." on the fittings which mokes up ogoinst the end of
the cuvette.
CAUTIONI These flot woshere should be removed' when
the l0-033 Continuos-Flow Nephelometry Kit is
instolled.
2. Lubricote the "O" rings' You'll find excess lubriccnt--
;th the "O" rings in your Cuvette Replocement Kit'Silicone oils will olso do'
3. Wo* the Infoke Fitting uP into Position' The threods con
foce toword you, or to the left' but not ot on intemediote
ongle.
Tighten the Lower Set Screw'
4. Ccrefully cleon the Cuvette' Slip it down.through the
hole where the Exhsust Fitting will eventuolly go' ond
press it into ploce on the Intoke Fitting'
The plostic hondle of o screwdriver moy be used io push
the Cuvette into Ploce'
5. Work the Exhoust Fitting down until it olmost engoges
the Cuvette. Be sure thot the Cuvette is ProPerly olrgneo
with the Exhoust Fitting' Push the Exhoust Fitting down'
to engoge the Cuvette fullY'
Note thot the Exhoust Fitting moy olso foce towords.you
or foce to the left, but moy not be ot on intermedtore
ongle '
6. Loosen the set screw on the Intoke (lower) Fitting'
Adiust the fittings up qnd down until the Cuvette is
centered.
The ends of the Cuvette should contoct the flol rubber
woshers described in porogroph I obove'^but,should,not,
compress them. (The liquid seol is supplied-oy tne .vrings. The flot rubber woshers protect ihe cuv€tte rom
dirlct contqct with the metql Exhoust ond lntoke
Fittinss. )
7. Rotote the Fittings o liitle os you slowly tighten the set
screws - so the set "t"*'
o'" ""nt"red
on the flots on the
iiitjis. n"t,." the Allen wrerch to its staoge ploce'
Wipelny fingerprints off the Cuvette'
lf you hove ony questions obout leokoge' nw.is ihe time
to hook up tne eltemol connections' ond moke o visuol
check.
8. Check thot the Emission Filters ore in ploce' Instoll the-'
et"irorion Filter Holder Assembly with the Upper ond
Lower Studs'
9. lmtoll the Lomp. See porogroph I '5'2'
lO. Instoll Desicconf, if needed' See Section I '4'5 below'
I I . Put the Somple ComPortment Cover in ploce ond imtoll
oll l4 screws very loosely' Progressively tighten oll
screw until they ore snug' but not deod tight'
I .4.3 Contiruous Flow Cuvette Mqintenonce
As long os the Cuvette oppeors visuolly cleon'ond there is
no sign of l"trttst' t="i-'It!;'""t-it -i *q"it"a' lf the fluid
lires leoding tt the;;;;;" moved or stressed' ctpck fq
leoks I
The Cuvette mdy be insPected by goirrs through steps 2-4 in
Section I .4.1, ";;'
"io t"tot"- it for clmning' !g! the
systemr r€move externol connections' ihen continue with
Section l '4'l '
The Cuvette is borosilicote gloss' ond moy be cleoned by
normol techniques'
The "O" rings ore o Nitrile (Buno N) rubber' Chemicol
resistonce is good'-They must be lubricoted before reossembly'
See Section l '4'2'
The lntoke ond Exhousf Fittings ore nickel ploted brcs' Do
not use strong chemicol cleoning ogents'
1.4.4 Continuous Flow Cuvette Externol Connections'
As received, vour instrument hc both the Intoke ond the.
il;';u;;;;;.toriJ * rhot their thrcqds foce toryof'If'rft.f* vo-ur plumbitg iob ecier' either or both of these
;it;i;;;';;i;.Lt,o thJv'roc' lert' see section l '4'2.;;;;;: i;i.-.diote positions ore not ovoiloble' Pull the
fittings out before rotofing them'
The following points should be considered' when moking
externol conneclions:
l. The fittings occept stondord l/2" l.'P'S' mole.pipe
threods. -Pipe dope, or the new plostic tope type
seolers will be required'
2- Don'f over-tightenl lt is posible to breok th-e solder
i;;tT-iETiit?ngs - ond olso, wiih ex-treme.iorce' you
iould distort the fittings to the point where the rubber-
cushioned cuvetie will breok'
We do not recommend rigid pipe hok-up'
3. Normolly - you'll be going to o hose on both the.Exhoust
ond lntole fitting. This hose must be opoque for the firt
severol feet, ot leost. lf not - light con "leok" in' ond
upset Your meosurements '
lf vou hove onv questions - shode the hose' ond see if the
,.JJing "hongut. Select the most sensitive instrument
ronge which You Plon to use'
4. lf vou hove ony queslion obout Cuvette breokoge or leoks' '-'"h""[
"ituoily rot breoks' then turn thd somple system
on ond check for leoks. See porogroph I '4'3'
Air bubbles will couse errotic reodings' The pocking
"l;J;i o pump is often o source of inwond oir leokoge'
iti, o-Ut.t is often cured by putting the somple pump
on the exhousf end of the system - so it sucks somple
through roiher thon pushes it through'
CAUTIONI Remember thot the Somple System is roted ot
ZS-pdFrr, for exomple, you ore using o presurized
system to cmbot dissolved gos releose, etc" be sure you
do not exceed this roting.
9
_{:
f,
1;
f{&
J
-5-
t< Desiccont Use wiih the Continuous Flow Cuvette.
Condensote foming on the outside of ihe Cuvetie con cquse
drifting reodings, os it builds up. lf there is o sufficienivolume of oir to pull moisture frm, it cqn olso couse erroticreodings os droplels breok free ond run down.
For this reosm, the entire somple ore is gosketed ond
seoled, ond o spoce for desiccont is provided'
Usuolly, you won't hove ony problem, even without desicont,since ihe'free volume of oir inside lhe somple oreo is smol l,ond there iust isn't much moisture to condense out.
lf problems ore encountered, proceed os follow, referring
to Figure 3:
l. Remove the Somple Comportment Cover (14 screws)'
2. Remove ond discord ony sPent desiccont'
3. Remove the tope seol frm the bottle of desicconi
pockoges suPPlied with your instrument' Remove two
pockoges, close ond re-sml the bottle'
4. Ploce the pockoges in the Position shown in Figure 3'
5. Re-instoll the Somple Cmporfment Cover with o minimum
of deloy. All l4 screws should be instolled loosely - to
ollow 6st hole olignment. Then tighten progressively
until oll screws ore snug' but not dsd tight' (Over
tightening con couse distortion of the cover ond leokoge')
6. Onder o 10-023 Dsiccont Replocement Kit (bottle of ten)'if needed.
FILTER AND LIGHT SOURCE INSTALLATION' See Fisure 3'
Remove the 141842 screws which retoin the Somple
Comporfment Cover. lf you hove ony irouble with the
gosket under this cover sticking, remember thot.it is
flr.a to the cover. A litfle penucion with o thin knife
Lw"tn the gosket ond the Somple Comportment Cosiing
should be sufficient.
lf you ore chonging from one opplicotion to onother'ond desire to mointoin colibrotion, you should mork the
Lomp so thot it moy be retumed to its originol posiiion'
A dqb of noil polish on the lower bose of the lomp works
well.
Remove the lomp (if instolled), by roloting 90oond
pulling it out iowords You.
Remove the Upper Stud ond the Lower Siud. Remove fhe
Excitotion Fi lier Holder Assembly.
Locote the Emission Filiers for your opplicotlon'
Pleose refer io fhe Filter Selection Guide ot ihe end ofthis monvql for detoils.
Note thot these filteru must be in the specified order,
ond wirh the color specif icotion morking foruord '
5. The Emission Filiers mount directly behind the Cuvette'
See Figure 3. Remove ony filters presenf, ond instoll
the new ones, os described obove.
6. lf the Continuous Flow Cuvetle is being used, wipe ony
finger prints off of it viith o lob wipe.
7. ll you ore chonging from one opplicotion to qnother ond
wish io mointoin colibrotion (without using o stondord)
vou should hove o l0-080 Excitotion Filter Holder for
eoch set of Excitotion Filtea ond never remove ihe
filters from the holder. See porogroph 2'2'l ' This is
oorticulqrly imporfont when using the cleor quortz lomp
which will'grojuolly (over o period of months or yeors)
chonge ihe chorocteristics of the filter insfolled'
The emission filters ore not subiect to such chonges.
lf chonging to o new opplicotion, locote the ExcitctionFilier for your oPPlicotion.
Pleose refer to the Filter Selection Guide oppended to thismonuol for detoils.
8. Where o l0-080 Excitotion Filter Holder, cmplete withExcitotim Filten is ovoiloble, go on to step f. i
When Excitotion Filters must be instolled' remove theflot plote with the lorge cenfrcl hole from the Excito-tim Filter Holder Assembly. (Two f4-40 nuts ond lock-woshes).
Remove ony existing Excitofion filter under this plote'Put the desired filter in ploce ond clomp it io ihe
Excitotion Filfer Holder Assembly with this plote.
Tighten the two nuts enough to bend the plote iust o
little. Do not over-tighten, c the filters noy crock'
g- lnstoll the Excitotion Filter Holder Assembly with the
Upper ond Lower Studs-
lO. Locote the Lomp for your opplicotion'
For Chlorophyll, it will be white ond hwe the legend
"8" followed by c seriol numbcr on one end. lt willhove block tope light boffles'
For the vorious rhodomine dyes, it will be cleor quortz,with block tope light boffles.
WARNINGI Under no circumstonces let light fm the
"l-EiGilo.tt lomp foiT-on your eyesl Serious eye irrito-
tion will resuli - with o deloy of obout four hours between
exPosure ond sYmPtoms.
I I . When using the cleor quortz lomp, check thot there ore
.o t"r.rrf d-plets be'tween the two pieces of blocktope. lf present, dislodge by topping the lomp'
Instoll the Lomp by inserting ond turning 90o'
lf you wish to mointoin colibrotion, the lomp should be
reinsiolled in the originol position. See porogroph 2,obove, ond PorogroPh 2.2.1.
12. Locote the Reference Filfer for your opplicotion'
Pleose refer to the Filter Selection Guide ot the end ofthis monuol for defoils.
Instoll it under the two spring clips, iust to the right
of the lomP. See Figure 3.
13. Pui ihe Somple Cmportment Cover in ploce ond imtolloll l4 screws very loosely. Progessively tighten ollscrews uniil they ore snug, but not deod tight.
lf the Cuvette Adopior is in ploce, reinsioll the Lighi)hreld.
I.6 ENVIRONMENT
p
2.
4,
1.6.1 TemperotureI .6.2 Woter ond Dirt1.6.3 Vibrotion'I .6.4 Helium.l.6.5 Wqier Condensotion
1 .6. I Temperoture
Storoge temperoture is -20oCcuvette is emPty!
to +60oC - os long os the
I
Operoting temperoture is from the freezing point of the fluid
in ihe cuvette to +50oC, ombient. Expect slow lomp storf
below +4oC.
1.6.3 Vibrotion
The instrumeni is designed to oPerofe sotisfoctorily when used
in qn environment sotisfoclory for normol mobile equipmeni
suci os rodiotelephones, etc' The limiting foctor will be
keeping "grob" somPles in lhe cuvetie'
1.6.4 Helium
Woter ond Dirt
The model 10-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer is not Protected
.n.f ^.i
*""t. All moving Ports ore shielded ogoirot dirt'
dust, eic. by the outer cose, ond o tighi-fitting inner box'
ii. li"i*itrolier ond the semitive omplifier.ossocioted
;;'i;;; odlirionollv protected bv o second b-1.' T:out'ii this, it moy be used in quife dirty loco-tions without ddmoge
or loss of perfomonce' Corrosive otmcpher* shwlo' or
;;;, d ovoided. When the Cuvette Adoptor Kits.ore
i"u"iila,-ti" Lisht shietd should be jn ploce.c much cpossible, to keep dirt frm entering the cuvette well'
The Model I0-005 Field Fluormeter is resistqnt to woter' with
the protectl've cover on - os for tronsport - or when it is.-
;.iltJi;; ;o"totion' The desisn philosophv is "DroP it .
:;;;d; -it will floot. wch it off with fresh woter - it;ii *;';, c long os it is equipped with the continuous
-flow cuvettes ovoiloble with the instrument or ovolloble
6 occessories.
the I 0-037 Liquid Col umn Chromotogrophy Cuvette
AJoptor is quite well seoled, but will not stond immerrion'
When the vorious discrete or "grob" somple holders ore
instolled, woier con get to the oPticol, elerents ond the
wirinq ond heotelossocioted wiih the light source' tt con-
iot glt b the bulk of the electronics or to ony moving porfs
- bui consideroble domoge con result'
lf woter does enier the Somple Cmportment' in either the
iru"if O-OOO Rock-Mount Fluorometer or the I0-005 Field
Fluorometer:
| ' Tum power off immediotely' There is no hozond -but ei ectri city EiffiiF-tog"ther wi I l. qui ckl y destroy
the lomp wiring ond lomp heoter ossembly'
2. Remove the Somple Comportment Cover (14 screvs)'
Remove the light source, oll filters ond fhe Excitotim
Filter Holder. See porogroph l '5 ond Figure 3'
3. lf the woter which entered the Somple Comportment-- *o, *tt woter, flush the offected oreo with fresh woter
then deimized or distilled woter'
lf fresh woter only entered the Somple ComPortrent'
flush the offected oreo with deionized or distilled
woler.
4. Dry with gentle heot' A hoir dryer will do the iob'
5. Put it bock fogeiher, ond retum to seryice'
lf the l0-005 Field Fluorometer is immersed with the cover
on, the cover should be removed qs soon os possible' ona
ony *ot , in the oreo between ponel ond cover ollowed to
droin oui.
Solt woier should, of course, be flushed off os soon os
oossi bl e .
Surprisingly enough, helium will.ruin PhotmultiPliffi.in o
foirlv sho* time. lf you ore working on exotic breotnrng
mixtures, or other systems using helium, keeP it owoy trmthe fluorometer.
Woter Condensotion
lf the instrument hos been in o cold oreo' then moved to o
;'";.il;;;;;t, it moy foil to oPerote correctly' .Hou.:.^;;;;i- Lon" it on, with the Xl - Xl00 control ot Xl00
!J *itft the X31.6 ronge selected' lnternol prctective
";;;i;t will burn the condensote out in 15 - 20 minutcs'
1.7 MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS
| .7.1 Mounting Position1.7.2 Mechonicol considerotions
1.7.3 Effect of neorbY equiPment
1 -7.1 Access requiremcnts
1.7.'l MountingPoeitim
&cept for the problem of keeping "Grob" somple in the
.rt tt", lhe instrument will operote in ony position'
However, fo, g.uote't stobility'^the overcge position of the
i"tt-..t' sho'la b" within 20o of level' for proper con-
vective cooling of ittt tigttt source'-.With the continuous flow
cut"tt" (no.tolly suppliJd), this wi.ll olso ollow best purging
of ony oir bubbles ossocioted with the somple'
1.7.2 Mechonicol Considerotions
The model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer-mcy be mounted
direelly in ony stondord 19" electronic rock' vith four
tO-32."tt*t'- Ponel spoce required is 7" -The
irctrument
exten& 7.5" bchi;; iht reor surfoce of. the frmt ponel' ond
oi t.*t on extro holf inch should be ollowed'
For loborotory sewice' it moy olso be.monted in our l0-002
Loborotory Cose' Plece see wr Brochurc ond Price list'
In ony boot or vehicle instollotion' th9 ilegrtont thing is to
tie it downl As irc Ja story 9m "it.isn't fhe foll thot hurts'
it,s the sudden ,top;'. Fo. tie Field Fluorometer' corxider
i..t"ifi"g o stondond outmobile sofety bclt to hold the
instrument down'
1 .7.3 Effect of neorbY equiPment
Wotch overoll temPeroture rise in mclosed rocks' While
your fluorometer *ill *otk fine on o scorching hot doy' it
wiIInotoperoteoshotossmepure|ye|ectronicequipment.
A second problem wiih lemPeroture rise.is coused by the
temperoture coefficient of ihe opticol filters used in yorfluorometer' S"" ii" filttt Selection Guide in the bock
of this monuol for detoils. Heot, coused by other equip-
ment, should be kept low ond constont'
1 .7.4 Access requirements
During normol operotion' occess io the front ponel controls
onlY is needed'
lnsituqtionswheredirtywoterisbeinghondled'youshouldhove occess to ollow cfdoning of the continuous flow cuvette'
SeeSectionl';;;;t;"'ReieningtoFigure3'thereshould'be enough -*io lia" the Exhouit Fitting strdight up 1-l/2'
ondtos|idethe|ntokeFi}tingstroighidownl-1,/2..frmtheirinsiolled Positions'
lf vou ore toking "grob" somples with the Cuvette Mopior Ki
;"';. ;. ollorierough roorn for eosy cuvetie insertion'
lf vou must instoll ond remove the l0-030 Cuvette Holder'
;;;.;;;r;" C.;trolled, ond l3 x 100 mm cuvettes' ollow
;#;;;;i.'l;ng "vliid"' to be inserted where the Intoke
Fitting is shown in Figure 3'
J-7 -
sEcTtoN 2 - CoNTROLS, |ND|CATORS, AND TELEMETRY OUTruTS
GENERAL
All operoting controls orc on the front ponel. No intcmolcontrols will rcguire sctting during normol opcrotion of theinstrumant.
No conrbinofion of control settings con be modc which cqncousc donroge to the instrumenr.
CONTROLS
2.2.1 Scnsitivity knob2.2.2 Xl - Xl00 knob2.2.3 RANGE AUTO-MAN switch2.2.4 MNGE STEP ryirch2.2.5 BLANK control2.2.6 SPAN control2.2.7 ON-OFF swirch
Scrsitivity knob.
This knob, ifs vemier ond its lock ore locoted m the lowerright sida of the somple oreo costing, See Figure 3.
fhis confrol sets the bosic sensitivity of the instrument.Normolly, it will require odjustmcnt only when the opticolfiltcrs ore chonged. For exmple, od1:Ftment moy bercquircd if on instrumcnt hos been colibrotcd on Rirodonrine WTond is to be set up for chlorophyll.
Bofh scnsitivity to fluorcscence ord blonk ore set by thiscontrol.
lf the position of the Sensifiviry knob, BLANK contrl (pqrq-' groph 2.2.5) ond SPAN conrrol (porogrcph 2.2.6) ore Lftunchonged, colibrqtion will hold for long periods of time.
When using the 1G.000 Rock-Mount Fluorometers, colibrotionmoy be voried ond reset (to obout l/zoh) by noting the reod_ings of the ten-tum v€mier SPAN ond BI_ANK knobs.
It it possible tb mointoin colibrotion, even when light sourceond filiers ore exchongid, if the simple pre"outio.ioutliiedin porogroph 1.5 ore followed.
Xl - Xl00 knob
This knob is locoted on the upper right side of the somolecmporiment costing. lt's positions ore indicoted on the frontponcl. See Figure 3.
Whcnjn thc Xl position, the sensitivity of the instrument isos indicoted by ihe Ronge Lights. When in the XI00 po6irion,the sensifivity of the instrumeni is 100 times rhot lndiioted bythe Ronge Lights.
When the BLANK control is properly odiusted, blonk suppres_sion is not offected by turning this contrcl.
&ANGE AUTO-MAN swirch
When in either the ,A,UTO or lvlAN position, the instrumentyi!l 9honge ronge if the STEP swirch is depiessed. (See2.2./t RANGE STEP swirch for detoils).
When this control is in the AUTO position, the insirumentoutomoticolly selects the most oppropriote ronge. lf thePonel Meter reods below 20/o of lull scole, sensiiivitv willbe increosed until the Ponel Meter reqds over 20o/o of fvllscole, or the 31.6 ronge is selected. lf the ponel Meterreods off scole, the ronge chosen will odvonce ihrough in_creosing sensitivities, then return to MIN SENS. lf offscole on MtN SENS, it will remoin there,
There is o 4 - second deloy between dte ronge ond the nexf-
When this control is in the MAN posiiion, ronges or€ chonqedgly by using the STEP swirch. When the STEiswirch isdepresed ond held, the instrument chonges ronges ot o rotaof four steps per second.
RANGE STEP switch
When depressed ond held, ihe instrument will odvonce ronges
ot o rote of four stepc per second. Rcleosc thc switch wlrcnthe desired ronge is reoched.
lf the STEp switch is dcpressed when the AUTO_lvlAN rwitchis in AUTO, fhe,rongc chongc logic will rcspond to mngg--.chonge commonds from both ih. orto_rong.-l'ogic ond thcSTEp swiich. For insronce, you might delrcss thc STEpswitch cousing on€ ronge chongc, then rcreqse thc sTEp s*itchond discovcr the instrument chongcs rong,es ogoin. Ihis *oriJhoppen if the monuol step commord .ouJed thc irctrumGnt togo off scole. Thc.outo_rongc logic would scnsc this ,; ;;*odditionol rmge chongcs.
To ovoid possible confusion, the AUTO_Iv{AN switch moy beser ro lviAN beforc depresing the STEp.*it"h. Thi,
"o.i*the mochinc to step only in rcsponse to thc STEp switch.When the desired rongc is reochcd ond if it notcd thot thGinsirumcnt is on scole, the AUTO_Iv1A,N switch con then bcswitched to AUTO, if desired.
2.2.5 BLANK control
This control is used to cornp€nsqte for the residuol or,,blonk,,fluorescence correspoding to zero conccntrotion of thcunknown.
On the model 10-000 Rock Mount Fluoromef€r, o t n furndiol groduoted frm_ O_to 1000 is provided. A iock is pro_vided. Up (CCW) is frcc running. Dom (CW) is loclJ.On the model 10-005 Field Fluorcneter, o ten turn uncali_broted diol with o locking ring is provided.
2.2.6 SPAN conrrol
This control is used to colibrotc the ponel lvletcr directlyin terms of the conccntrotion of thc unknom. lt rnoy * uscdto set the sensitiviiy of the instrument ovcr o ronge * 4:1.
lf the BLANK control-is proparly set, the SpAN control moybe odiusted without offecting the sctting of thc BLANKconirol.
The diol ond lock used ore identicol to thot on the BLANKcontrol.
2.2.7 ON-OFF swirch
This switch iurns the instrument on ond off.
2.3 tNDtcAToRS
The Ronge Lights indicote the sensitivity selected.
The Ponel Meter reoding is proportionol to the light reochingthe photomultiplier, when ti,e
'SLaNf knob is counter_
clockwise. When properly colibroted, its reoding is propor_tionol to the concentrotion of the unknown.
2.4 _... TELEMETRY OUTruTS FVA€q ouT p!rTS.
No connector is supplied with the model l0_000 Rock lllountFluorqnefer. pleose order Telemetry Connector, Mole,l0-001, when needed.
A. connector is supplied with the model lO_0O5 Fieldf luormeter, since this connector is olso required for powcr.-Sqog-s
moy be ordered os Telemetry Connecio., Fmoie,l0-006.
While one is o mole, ond the oiher o femole conncctor _ thcpin connections for felemetry ore identicol, os is thecircuiiry.
For power wiring, see Section 1.3, obove. pins B, C, D ondE ore involved-
Pin A; Frome ground. This pin moy be used to ground thccose of externol ungrounded equipment, c well osfo provide o frome ground for the model l0-005Field Fluormeter.
Pin D; Serves both os negotive D.C. power input ond os theground return for oll TTL compotible signols.
t
5
ITT
li
-8-
It
b
Pin F; A TTL compotible digirol output' A " l" meqns
MIN SENS; o "0" meons ony other ronge' This out-
put is only volid if Pin N - the onolog rsnge outPut
is not used.
Pin G; Like Pin F, excepto "1" meonsX3'16ond o "0"meon3 ony other ronge.
Pin H; Like Pin F, except o "l" meons XlO ond o "0"medns ony other ronge'
Pin J; Like Pin F, except o "l" mans X3l '6 and o "0"m€ons ony othcr ronge.
Pin K; A TTL compotible digitol outPut. A "0" mesrs on
scole; o "1" meonc off scole.
Pin L; Prccision ground. This is ?he gnound return foronolog outPuts. Be coreful not to ground this pin
externolly, c "ground loopc" con couse significontcrrors in the onolog outPut. For bast resulfs, o
rccotder e1 {/D cmvcrter used with the model l0sgrics fluormeter should hove o floofing (ungrondcd)
inPut omPlifier.
Pin lvb Anolog sigrnol cx,tPut. 0 to +5 volts D'C' represents
zero to full scole. lnfernol impedonce is 3900 ohms'
To use with vorious cornmon millivolt recordere
connect o resistor with the following volues frmPin M to Pin L., ond connect the recorder ocross fhe
resistor:
0-l volt - use 1000 ohms
0-100 millivolts - use 82 ohms
0-10 millivolts - use 8.2 ohms
0-l millivolts - use 0.82 ohms
lf your reconder does not hwe o spon control, itwiil be nccessory to dEiist thesc resistonce volues,
so ihot fhe rccorder ond the frot ponel meter
"trock" .
Mqt cunent recorders do nol hove spon controls'Therefce, it is recommended thot o poteniimeterbe used for this PUrPose' lts CCW leod is hooked
to Pin M. iEJslidergos b;fixed resistor. The
fixed resistor goes to the positive recorder terminol 'The negotive recorder terminol goe to Pin L. os
follows:
0 - I milliompere - o 2500 ohm Potentiorn€ter only,slider to reconder.
0 - 100 micrmmperes - 25,000 ohm potentiorneterono o 33,000 ohm resistor'
3.I SET UP
3.1.1 Somple sYstem
3.1.2 Filter ond Light Source3.1.3 Power ond worm-up
3.1.1 Somple System
The instrument, os shipped, hc the High-Volume, Continuous-Flow Cuvette Sysiem insiolled ond reody for operotion.
lf you wish to use one of the other cuvette odoptor, it should
be instolled ot this time' You will find instructims for qll
occegsories shipped wiih your order ot the end of fhis monuol'
3.1.2 Filter ond Light Source
lnstoll these itms o detoiled in Section 1.5 of this monuol'
For speciol opplicotions, pleose contoct the foctory regording
oppropriote filters qnd light sources.
Pin N; This pin supplies on onolog signol to indicote whct' ronge fhe irstrument is on. When it is uscd, the
digitol ronge signols ot pins F, G, H ond J must
not be used.
An cxtcmol lood rcsistor must be used' A G'l volt
recorder sensitivity is theTiximum full scolc ronge
recommended.
lf o 0-l volt recorder chonnel is ovoiloble, connect
o 1000 ohm resistor frm Pin N to Pin L, ond connect
the recorder ocross the resistor' Expect the
following outPut:
MIN SENS OVX3.16 0.4vXlO 0-7vX31.6 Iv
For lower ronge recorders connect o resistor frmPin N to Pin L, ond connect the recordar ocross thc
resistor, os follws:
0 - 100 millivolts - use 75 ohms
O - l0 millivolts - use 7.5 olrns
0 - I millivolts - use 0'75 ohms
A current recorder moy bc connectcd up precisely os
dcscribed for Pin M obove - except stort ot Pin l'iinsteod of Pin M, of course.
This pin moy olso be used for rcmote ronge selection'An extemoi momentory switch which opplies +l I to+16 volts to pin N will operote in lhe some monner
os the RANdE STEP swirch. See porogroph 2'2'4of this monrol. Current droin is obout ten milliom-
Peres.
A singlepole double throw switch should be used, with
the orm going to pin N, the normolly oPen contoct to
+I I to +16 volts, ond the normolly closed conioct to
lhe ronge reconder chonnel, so lhot Power does not
get opplied to the recotder.
Not used.
Not wed, but internollY grounded.
A TTL cmpotible digitol output. A "l" meons ihe
Xl - XIOO knob is in the Xl position. A "0"mons it is in the X100 Position.
Positive 5 vsl15. This reguloted voltoge is reserved for
occesories. Moximum svoiloble currenf is 100 milliom'peres. Retum should be mode to pin D, not to pin L,
unless specified on the occessory.
Pin P;
Pin R;
Pin S;
Pin T;
sEcTtoN 3 OPERATION
3.1.3 Power Source ond Worm-uP
Connect the instrument to on oppropriote Power source os
detoiled in Section 1.3 of this monuol'
Turn ihe instrument on.
For mosi opplicotions, o wom-uP time of five minutes is
odequote. For some opplicotions where. highest occurocy is
..quired, o longer wom-uP time, to.ollow the temperoturc
oi the opticol filtea to slobilize, will be required' Plece
refer to the Filter Selection Guide ot fhe cnd of this monuol
for detoils.
3.2 CALIBMTION
3.2.1 Stondords
3-2.2 Hondling cmsiderotions3.2.3 Continuous Flow SYstems
3.2.4 Setting the Sensitivity knob
3.2.5 WhY X3.16?3.2.6 Precision of the Ronge MultiPlieF3.2.7 Cqlibrotion
-9-
J
Stondonds
Normolly, your stondord will be q known concentrotion of the
."t"iiol'*hi"h you plon to quontitote' For flow rote meosure-
.lnir, oboolut"'concentrotion will not' however' be needed'
;;;. dilutim of ihe dye to be used is oll thot is required'
The concenfrotion should be low enough so thot very little of
ift. .t"iii^n flnf* is obsorbed by the fluorescent,mqieriol 'When this condition is met, the reoding of the fluormefer will
;i;;;;i;;t. oropo*ionol to concentrotion' lf vou wish
a ip"-t ot high". concentrotions, severol stondords should
f. ,t.a, so o colibrqtion curue moy be prepored'
For exomple, o colibrotion curve should be used-f.or concen-
trotions of Rhodomine WT obove 0'l ports per million octive
insr"di"nt. This corresponds to 0'5 ports per.million.
Rhodomine WT concentrote, since it is normolly supplied os
o 2096 oqueous solution'
When the concentrqtis of fluoresceni moferiol is exireme'
reodings will flotien out ond then decreose to neor-zero os
concentrotion goes uP' This effect is often noted during the
;.dy;h;.. oicircuiotion studies in U"n 94 horbors' ond
will introduce errors, where moss bolonie is being checked'
ilv"" trtp." such on effect' toke o few "grob" somples for
diiuting into fhe lineor ronge' to check'
A blonk must olso be ovoiloble' This is the some moteriol in
*ti.i tt'. stondord (ond the unknowns) is dissolved' but with
none of the moferiol of interest prsent'
'1.2 HondlingConsiderotions
lvlost fluorescent moteriols hove foirly high iemperoture
coefficients. For exomple, the temperoture coefficient of
ff uorescence of Rhodomine WT .is -.2'6"{,!^while thot of
chlorophyll extrocfs is rePorted to be -'J%/ L'
For this reoson, the stondond, the blonk ond the unknowrc
should oll be held ot the some temPeroture'
Remember thdt you ore working in the ports per billion or
ir; I lion .o.g., Lnd thot odsorpti on-eff ects. on-the.somple -
contoiner con smetimes be o prcblem '- The Rhodomine dyes'
t* ""oiptu, ore quite stoble in borosilicote gloss' but ore
t.piiiy t!..*a from solution by soft vinyl plostic tubing'
2.3 Continuous Flow SYstems
The | 0-020 Hi gh-Volume Continuous-Flow Cuvette System
..J ift" fO-OZ7 Cuvette Adoptor Kit hove the some colibrotion
ioo"r- ft you hove this ottochment' the eciest woy to coli-
b.ot..oy *ell be to instoll the l0-027 Cuvette AdoPior Kit'
colibrote, then instoll the Continuous-Flow Cuvette System'
IIe.g,eS P- srrlsl { s F q=r g+":l##:!Mil[-i'ilFFo.e you remove ii' See porogropn t ':
Removol ' ond replocement of fhe Excitotion Filter frm iis'
holder moy offect cqlibrotion olso' since some filfers chonge
;i;'"'i'#';;;i"tion' nuplo"tt"nt of the -whole
osemblv
will not offect colibrotion' See porogroph l 'J'l'
The idml instollotion would hqve o volving system so thot
stondord, blonk ond unknown could be pumped through the
fluo.omeier in identicol foshibn' ond include o meqro of
siopping flow, to conserye on somple ond blonk use'
Accurote colibrqtion con olso be mode by setting uP so thot
the continuous flow cuvette moy be poured full of the stondord
ond blqnk. Severol flushings ore required'.of course' to
eliminote qny troce of th! preceeding somple' To insure com-
pi.,l fifi;.g'.t the cuvette withoui hoving ony lorge bubbles
tropp.d, it is besr to fill through the lower (intoke) fitting'
3.2.4 Seiting the Sensitiviiy knob'
This knob sets the bosic sensitivity of the fluormeter to both
somPle ond blonk'
Its seiting is not criticol, if fl.uorescent blonk is low' or if for
ro- oppii.otlons, it is desiroble to meosure the totol
itror.r".n." of the ,otpl", withouf subtrqcting ihe blonk'
Where blonk is to be subtrocted, this knob must be sct so thol
the hiqher sensitivity ronges of the irstrument ore uscd - foronlv i these ronges con o lorger blonk be subtrocted'
fm ,.t up procedure which ollows outomofic rongc chonge
over the iorgest possible dynomic ronge, ond olso cllows
suppresion of high BLANKS, is os follow:
Unlock thc BLANK knob, ond set it full cq.rntcr-
clockwise (CCW)-
Unlock the SPAN knob ond set it threc turns CCW
frm its clckwise (CW) stoP.
Decide on the most sensitive ronge which you wish
to use. For exomple, you might wish full scola
to be three ports Per billion of Rhodqnine WT'Note the concentrotion of your stondord' For
exomple, we will consider use of 100 Parfs Per
billion (0.1 ports Per millim) of Rhodminc WT,
os o stondord .irr. the AUTO-A'iAN switch to MAN' Turn thc
Xl - Xl0O control to Xl00- Depress the STEP
switch until the MIN SENS ronge light corncs on'
Note thot the MIN SENS ronge is 3I '6 iimcs less
sensitive thon the X3l '6 ronge - so your IOO ll9.Lia."a should rcod neorly full scolc on th€ {!NSENS ronge, if ihree ports per billion reods full
scole on the X3l '6 ronge'
6. i*"* yow stondord, ond odiu-st the Sensitivity knob
until the Ponel Meter rcods l0 on the uPPer scole'
See Figure 3.
To odiust this knob; (t) Loosen the clomp screv
whi.li clomps the vernier orm to the shoft' lt is iust
left of ond qbove the knob' (2) Loosen the round
knurled vernier locking nut' (3) Set the vcrnia
,".e* ,.til the vemieiqm is obout in the middle of
ii.i-".t' Tum the knob until the desired reoding is
obtoined, oPProximotelY'
Now, (l) Tighten the clomp screw' (2) Set tothc
desired reoding with the vernier screw' (3) Tighten
the vernier leking nut'
7. Insert your blonk' Advonce to the X3l '6 ronge'
irpp.*;f'; blonk, bv turnins the BLANK knob'
lf you connot suppress the blmk' then it is urduly
hi9h, ond o lower colibrotion semitivity should be
used - i.e., l0 ports per billion' full scole insteod
of three, for exomPle'
lf blonk moy be eosily suppressed' o higher.sensiti-
vity moy be used, if yo wish'- but eveniudlly the
"n;ise"'or rondom excursion of the Ponel Meter
needle will becme excesive'
When blonk is high, os it often is with the contin-
uous-flow nephelometry ottochment, or when
fluorescence meosurements requiring excitotion in
ihe ultroviolet ore mode on oltemolive Procedure
will sove time:
l. Unlock the BLANK knob ond set it fullclockwise (CW).
2. Unlock the SPAN knob ond set it three tums
counter clockwise (CCW) from its CW stop'
3. Tum the AUTO-MAN switch to lvlAN' Turn
fhe Xl - Xl00 control to XI00' Depress
the STEP switch until the X3l '6 ronge light
comes on.
4. Inseri Your blonk'
' 5. Adiust the Sensitivity knob until lh: t:l"tgoes o little below zero' Now' bring the-
meter bock to zero, by iuming the BLANK
knob.
Your instrument is now odiusted to the moximum
sensitivity which permits supression of the blonr
to zero.
:i
2.
?
4.
3.
F
t
$,
I
A
*3
*
{
t$
{
J
{I
I
l0 -
t
$
You mov colibrqte for direct reoding in concen-
t-tion l,t only by decreosing sens-ifivity
(tuming the SensitivitY knob CCW)'
When blonk is noi o problem qnd it is not necessory to
hove o spacific concentration on o epecific tn9e:'1ou
may wish to odiust the instrument for moximum urcote
sensitivitY:
l. Unlock the BI'ANK knob ond set it fullcounter clockwise (CCW),
2. Unlock the SPAN knob ond set it three tums
CCW from its clockwise (CW) sroP'
3. Tum the AUTO-^ AN switch io lvlAN' Tum
the Xl - Xl00 control to Xl00' Depress the
STEP switch until the X3l '6 rcnge light comes
on.
4. Inserf Your blont'
5. Tum the Sensltivity knob CW until.the meter
flucfuotion is fhe mqimum Yo wish to
tolerote - normolly, overoge excursions of
obout l% of full scole'
You moy cqlibrote for direci reoding in cm-centrotion but only by decrecing scnsitivity(tuming the Sensitivity knob CCW)'
CAUTIONI On rore occossio* - o4 w-ith rqte-irttrumenis
6;;t L0, :t is pcsible to sei the se-rsilivi! knob too
for clockwise, *ittto'iig"iins excessiv.e 'inoise" ' To check'
tum the BLANK -nt-i full conter clockwise' set the
Xl - X'IOO kn"U t" iiOO ond select rhe XlO ronge' lrstoll o
,.tpf " ttt"t i-lt I 'ii ;; tttt io*t' meter scole ' Then select
rhe X3I -6 ronge' fhe meter must nw reod l0 on the upper
scole.
lf nol, the Seruitivity control must b€ turned counter clockwise
until the obove condition is met'
3.2.5 WhY X3.16?
.3.16 is the squdre r@t of ten' A number divided by 3'16 is rhe
some os o number multiplied by 3'16 - except fc the locotion
of ihe decimol Point'
Referring to the Ponel Meter on your instrument' note thot the
two scoles ore in the rotio of 3' I 6:l '
To move from one ronge to onother' it is only.necersory to
qlternqte between onJ scolt ond onother' with due regord to
the decimol point' For exomple' if the inslrument is set to
red l0 for 0'l ports ptt till'ion'on the MIN SENS ronge' '03
Ports Per million will reod 3 on the MIN SENS ronge (on the'rppur r"ol") ona S'O * the X3'16 ronge (on the lower scole)'
ln similor foshion, if the insfrument is set to reod 3'0 for
O.OS po.t, per tiilion on the MIN SENS ronge-(on the lower
,"ol"j, th"n .01 ports per million will reod l '0 m the MIN-SiNS
t "g. (on tire lower scole) ond l0'0 on the X3'16 ronge
i* tl. ,Jp"i scole)' Thus, the twoscoles should be used
olternotely, but ore otheruise interchongeoble'
g.2.6 Precision of the Ronge MultiPliers
The ronge multiPliers ore foctory set with the tigtr1;ou1;e 114
reference filter used for the Rhodomine dyc io ! lYo' tt ydhove ordered the Rhodomine filters' or the Rhodomine ond
orher filtes- lf you hove ordered filters for.other moteriols
only, the instrument *ill be colibroted for these oiher filtes'
lf colibroted on the Rhodomine light source ond.filters errors '
.r nr*t * !4/" moy occur with the Chlorophyll light source
onifil,.*. Field odlustment moy be mode' See Section
1.1.3 of this monuol.
Cqlibrotion is mode using qn externol digitol voltmete.r' io^,
ovoid the cumulotive error which would exist due to the - | -/o
liirit ,"otu lineoritv specificotion of the Ponel lvleier'
3.2.7 Colibrotioni. l.r.n c blonk solution ond select ihe highest sensitiviiy
ronge which You Plon to use'
2. Unlock ond then odiust thc BLANK knobuntil the Ponel
lvleter reods zero' Lock thc ELANK knob'
3. lnscrt o stondord solution, ond select thc oppropriote
ronge for it'
4. Unlock ond then odiust the SPAN knob until the Porcl
Arleter reods os desired' Lck the SPAN knob'
Note: lf you wish to usc thc instrumcnt ot high conccntrotions'
- conccntroiion quenching will couse non-lincority' ond
o colibrotion cil'vu tu"i be prcpored' As o rule - of -thumb, linccity shold be checked fot concentrotiom
figt'ti't'on O't'po* pcr millim' withthc l0-020
H'f,h-Vol"" Continuous-Flow or 25 x lO0 mm cuv€tt's'
For othcr "'""i*' see instructiors fc thcm' ot thc cnd
of this monuol '3.3 OPERATION
3.3.1 AUTO or lvlAN oPcrotion?
3.3.2 Doto reduction3.3.3 Noisc3.3.4 Wqrm'uP drift
3.3.1 AUTO or lvlAN oPerotion?
When the instrument is used in the lobcotory on individuol
*.ilo o. in the field on "grob" scrnples' ther lviAN position
;;ii;;bi; ; u*i' rr'iJi' be'ouie removins thc lisht
shicld will n"ntto'if "o'* ofi-scole rcoding'^ond ob'scncc of
. ,..pf . *iil gtn"'!tty cousc r€ding betow 20% of full
scole. Both of tnese Jonairions will couse the outo ronging
sYstem to seorch out o new ronge'
lf, however, your somples vory widely in concentrotim' you
*ov fid it ecier t l"o"t th; instrument in thc AUTO
"Jti-' ond let it find the coffect ronge for you'
The AUTO poeition will be po*iculorly -odvontogeous
for
unottended scrvice where *id" tongo of concentrotim ore
encountered on confinuous flow somples'
3.3.2 Doto reduction
When colibroted os described obove' concentrotions moy be
reod directly, witi due regord to the decimol point' Whcn
to.y rotple. ore to be reod over o wide ronge of conccntro-
tions, toking doto in row form for loter rcduction mcry help
..dr.e .,.oo' For excnple Xl0L 2'l or X3U9'7 might meon
XIO ,ong", lower scole reods 2'l or X3'16 upper:cole reods
f .i,'io"ttti"tty' Sin"" it tokes oppro:<imotely-five secords
for the reoding ti-"o"h its finol voiuc there is plenty of time
to moke such o *iotion - ond it will insure ogoirst loss of
doto.
This some scheme moy be used to toke doto on high conceniro-
tions, which go into the non-lineor ronge of the instrumeni'
ond require the use of o colibrotim curve'
We chose to use :g!:ry!jL multipliers - going frm MIN' SENS
'p-' A nutb"' of-6iiTr customers ore uncqnfortoble with this
c'hoice ond hote te'o't"d b c"*ttlttti* multiPlies insieod!
lf vou would like, borrow o DYMOry lobeler ond overmork
the front Ponel os follows:
$s!
tsi!,{
1
fi3
I*, .{
Ji
OLD
x3l .6xl0x3.16MIN SENS
xl - xl00
NEW
MtN. coNc.x3.1 6xl0X3I .6xl00 - xl
Now, the product of meter reoding ond ihe concentrotiq
multi plier wi | | yield concentrotion directly'
3.3.3 Noisel
ll -
lf unexpectedly high meter motion occuc' especiolly in high
ilr;l;li;;r;"t'- hlve potience, ond refer to Section l '6'5'
___,
=LLI&UtJ,E2*;r:ffo<e
d(JtJl E
llJ
o(Je.ut
=rJf=oFoEo-
zoEcoaPYa.ot2HH 'i.
*--ogTTut
:sFJ--
gp.ff;84'io-UooL
e.IU
Zi=oz
=trldUVI
IoEP=5
Ell,Ttt,
=\ZU,o'Jod
=LLId.Uttl
eE-
rk9;=>T9sg
colE
9Luzo
=
.O
(r)X
Figure 4. Moin Frome AssemblY14
-ll-
F7
fb
The instrument is protected ogoinst domoge frm formotion of
condensote on its electronic cmPonents. Just oPerote ii on
the Xl00 setting of the Xl - Xl00 cmtrol, ond with the
X3l .6 ronge selected. Operotion will be nomol in l5 - 20
minuts.
Occosionolly, on first tum-on, ofter shipment, o lomp will"spirol", cousing the reoding to vory in o definite pottem'To cure, tum the instrument off for o few seconds, then tumon ogoin.
3,3.,f Wom-uo drift.
sEcTtoN 4
/I..I WARMNTY
TURNER DESIGNS worronts its model l0 series fluorometers
ond occessories to be free frm defects in moieriols ond work-
' monship under nomol use ond seruice for o period of one yeorfrm the time of iniiiol purchose, with the following/esfri ctions:
t. The instrument (ond occessories) must be instolled,powered ond operoted in cmplioiGwith the directionsin this Operoting ond Seruice Monuol (ond directionsoccmponying the occesories).
2. Domoge incurred in shipping is not covered,
3. Dmoge resuliing from meqsurment of somples found to be
incmpotible with ihe moteriols used in the somple system
is not covered.
1. Domoge resulting from contoct with corrosive mqteriols or
ofmosphere is not covered.
5. Domoge frcm seq woter ond other moderotely corrosive
moteriols which ore not PrmPtly removed from the instru-ment is not covered.
6. Domoge coused by modificotion of fhe instrument by thecustomer is not covered '
4.2 OBTAINING SERVICE
4.2.1 Worronty Servi ce4.2.2 Ovt-of-worronfy Seruice4.2,3 Rouiine overhqul
4.2,1 Worronfy Service
To obtoin service during the worroniy period the owner shqlltoke the following steps:
I. He sholl write or coll the TURNER DESIGNS ServiceDepqrfment ond describe os precisely os possible the nofureof the problem.
2. He sholl corry out minor odiustments or tests qs suggestedby the Seruice Deportmenl.
3. lf proper performonce is not obtoined, he sholl ship theinstrument, prepoid, to TURNER DESIGNS, with o stqte-ment of shipping chorges. The instrumenf will be repoired
ond returned free of chorge, olong with o check to cover
shipping chorges to us' for oll cusfomers in the contiguous
continentol United Stotes.
For custmere outside of the contiguous continentolUnited Stotes, ond who hove purchosed our equipmentfrm our distributors, contqcf your distributor. lf youhove purchosed direct, contoct us. We will repoir ot no
chorge, bui will not poy for shipment, documeniqtion, etc.These chorges wiiT-be billed ot cost.
NOTET Under no condiiions should the instrument or occessory6d reiu.-*;A;6"ui noiice. Prior correspondence is*
" needed:
Jl. To insure thot the oroblem is not o iriviol one,
eosily hondled in your loborotory, wiih cons€gucntsovings io everyone.
To specificol ly delermine ihe noture of theproblem, so thot repoir con be ropid, with
Exces mercury in the lomp will normolly condense out in fhe
coldest point - the bottom, lf, during shipment, o dropletis dislodged ond settles between the two rings of block topeon the lomp, o slow drift over mony hours will be noted,os the droplet evoporotes ond refoms in the bottom.
This effect moy be eliminoied by removing the lomp ondtopping it, to dislodge the mercury.
lf the ins?rumenf hc been colibroted before shipment, thelomp must be reinstqlled in its' originol position. See
porogroph 1.5.2'
SERVIC E
porticulor ottention poid to the defect you hovenoted .
4.2.2 Out-of-worronty Seruice
Proceed exoctly os for Worronty Service, obove' lf our servicedeportment con cist you by phone or correspondence, we willbe glod to, ot no chorge,
Reooir service will be billed on o bosis of iime ond moieriols.A cmplete siqtement of time spent qnd moteriols used will b€
supplied. Shipment to TURNER DESIGNS should be prepoid.Your bill will include return shipm€nt freight chorges'
4.2.3 RoutineOverhoul,
TURNER DESIGNS offers o routine overhoul service, whichmoy prove to be porticulorly odvontogeous to customers whouse their inslruments under unusuolly severe conditions.
The instrument will be overhouled ond cmpletely t*ted tothe performonce (but not oppeoronce) specificotions existentot ihe time ihe instrumeni wc fiat shipped.
The chorge for this overhqul will beTo/o of the list price of theequipment overhquled ot the time of the overhoul, plus theprice of ports used for the overhoul .
The overhouled instrument will be guoronteed qs if it were new'excepi the worronty sholl be for six monihs only, ond sholl be
furiher limited to lqbor ond to those ports reploced ot the timeof the overhoul only. Originol Ports ore not covered.
To obtoin deioils, pleose write or phone rhe TURNER DESIGNSservice deportmenf.
4.3 DISASSEMBLY
4.3.1 Access to electronics, model l0-000Rock-Mount Fluormeter.
4.3,2 Acces to electronics, model l0-005Field Fluormeier
4.3.3 Removql of the Moin Frme Cover4.3.4 Removol of ihe Moin Frome
4.3.5 Removol of the Photomuliiplier Covcr
4.3.6 Removql of the Posiiion Seroor PCB
4.3.1 Access to electronics, model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer.
l. Unplug or otherwise disconnect power.
2. Disconnect the Telemetry Connector if used. Put theproieciive cop in ploce.
3. lf the Continuous-Flow Cuvette Sysiem is used, disconnecoll plumbing ond droin it, lf one of the cuvette odoptorsis used, remove lhe cuvette, if present.
4, lf movnted in o rock, remove it from the rqck.( Four screws),
lf mounted in the Loborqtory Cose occesory, removethe four screws thqt hold the instrumenl in ploce, thenslide out until occess to fhe power ierminol strip on thereor is obtoined. Remove the protective cover (two
screws). Remove the wires from the teminol strip.(See Sec. I .3 for rewiring instructions,)
7
tJ -
For occcss to tha Ronge MultiPlier Adiustment' remo.ve
thc Top Cwer only. (Five screws qnd tour screws wtrn
nuts.)
6. For occess to thc rest of the electronics' romove the
Eottom Cover. lFi"" '"t"*' ond four-screw with nuts)'
Thcn removc ond fold bock the Reor Ponel ' (Six screws
ond nuts).
1.3.2 Acccss to clcclronics, model l0-005 Field Fluorometer'
l. Disconnect fhe Telemetry Connector' Put the protective
cop in Ploce'
2. lf the Continuous-Flow Cuvette Sysiem is used
disconncct oll plumbing ond droin it'
lf one of the cuvctte odoptors is used' remove the
cuvette, if Present'
3. Remove the eighteen scrcws qround the periphery of the
i.ont pon.l . lilote: When replocing th6e screws' Put
thcm oll in plG-very loosely before ti-ghtening ony of
thcm, so thot thc ponel moy be moved for best oligrunent'
Thcn tighten progiessively. until oll ore snug' but noi
dmd right, for proper goskct comPrslron'
1. Pull the instrment out of the cce' Note thot the gosket
is glued to the cce, not the Ponel '
Thc electronics orc now occesible'
4.3.3 Rcmovol of the lvloin Fmme Cover'
l. Goin occe:s to the Electronics' os described in Section
4.3.1 or 4'3'2 obove'
2. On the model lG'000 Rock-Mount Fluorometer' remove
the left Ponel ond Left Ponel Hondle' (Two screws)'
Thcre is no such ponel on the 10-005 Field Fluormeter'
3. Rsmove one screw, lockwosher ond n:t which fosten
thc rcor of the center printed circuit boord to o brockci
on the lv{oin Frome Cover'
1. Remove two screws, lockwchere.ond.nuts which fosten
the reor printed circuit boord to brockets on the Moin
Frome Cover'
5. Remove three screws ond one lockwosher.which fosten
the heot sink on the rmr printed circuit boord to the
Right Ponel ' Fold the Printed Circuit Bmnd bock'
Note: When reossembling' don't forget the lockwosher' lt:-
inru'"' ptoptt d""t'i"ol grounding of the heqt sink'
6. Remove two screws qnd one lockwosher obove ond two
screw below the Moin Frome Cover' lt moy now be
rmoved.
Note:When reossembling, put oll screws in ploce lmely':'b.for.
tightening-ony of them' to ensure proper olignment'
Remember tie lo-ckwcher which insures electricol
grounding' Be sure you don'i pinch ony wirs'
1.3.1 Rcmovol of the Moin Frome'
I. Remove the Moin Frome Cover qs described in Section
4.3.3 obove'
2. Ploce the imtrument on o podded work surfoce' front
Ponel down'
3' Referring to Figure 4' locote fhree screws ond one screw
ond lockwoshei in the four corners of the Moin Frome'
Rmove them .
4. The Mqin Frome moy now be folded bock' complefe'
Note: 8e very coreful not to bend the Holl Seroon which
extend behind the Light Chopper Wheel ' on rhe Light
ChoPPer Position PCB'
Just before reinstolling the Moin Fromc, tum thc Light
Chopper Wheel o few turro ond bc surc thot it clorsihcse Holl Sensors'
Also, be coreful thof thc wires leoding lo thc fcod-
through terminols into the Scnplc Cmportmcnt poss
outside of the spocen neor them - so thot thcy orc
owcY from the Light ChoPPcr Whccl'
4.3.5 Removol of the Photornultiplier Covcr'
Remove the thrce screws thot fcten the Photo'nultiplier Covcr
to the two brockcts csocioted with it' Notc thot thcrc is moccess hole which ollows you to reoch thc upper scrcw;
full the Photomultiplier Cover off'
cAUTroNr p*#F.#n!*-F,,I ;l"j'ipF;i r'l-*op".o'tio*l onrplifier' ,See
Figure l8.to leote Ul02'
li ties to the Photomultiplier onode wire-throgh o fecd-
thrwgh irsulotor in the Printed Circuit.Bo<rd' ond io o
lOO0i"legohm resisfor' lf you must work on ihis cco'
0) Ground one end of o ciiP leod to the ground lug reT
il" ptot*''itiptier' (2) Alter sro,ufi.rp the fa end of
*" ttip ttJ, '"on'*"i ihe.frte "nd to the oPPcite side
of the feedthrough termirnl frorn thot on which yoy ore '
working' Whtn"i"t""itts the clip leod' remove the end
ot the ieedthnough termiml first'
Ihe "loy" of the photonultiplier onode lcod is criticol 'It must be ;ili; foom ruLber' lo {"tP out mechonicol
vibrotion, which couses elecfricol noise'
1.3.6 Removol of the Position Sersor PCB'
l. Remove the l'loin Frome Cover, See porogmph 4'3'3'obove.
2. Refening to Figure 4, remove the fw9 I!-? mounting- ..**. o-na lotl**hto on the side of PC-2 cwoy from the
PhotomultiPlier Cover'
3. Remove the three flbt heod screws which ho-ld th€ Ronge
Selector Step Motor Asembly fo the iloin Frome' They
enter from the tof of tie insirument' when it is in its normol
oPeroting Position'
4. The entire csembly of fhe Ronge Selector Step Moiorond
Position Sensor eCb toy now be slipped towonds the Photo-
multiPlier Cover qnd folded out'
5. Rotote the Siep Motor by depressing ond releosing the
motc solenoid, untit you con get occes to the set screw in
the Mognetic Hub, between rhe PCB.ond the Step lilotor'
Remove the set screw, then remove the hub'
5. The Position Sensor PCB moy now be releosed by removing
the one remoining mounting screw ond lockwcher'
7. When re-insfolling, it is necesory thot the lvlognetic Hub
be correctly p*itio*a with respect to the Aiteruotor Wheel'
Reossemble ihe Posiiion Sercor PCB to the Step lvlotor -with
ore screw ono loclwosher, centering it on ihe shoft of the
Step Motor.
Rotote the Step Motor (see step 5) until the Altenuotor
Wheel withoui o neutrol gloss filter is under ihe Holl Sercor
morked X31.6.
Rotote the Mognetic Hub until the mognet poinh to the Holl
S.nro. torkui"MlN-NO FILTER' Position in qnd ot until
the mognet is ot the some height obove the PCB os the centet
of the Holl Seroor body' Reploce ond tighten the set screw
which secures it'
8. Reirotqll by reversing steps I - 4 obove'
4.4 MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT
4.4.1 Generol, mointenonce4.4.2 Generol, Adiustments4.4.3 Ronge multiplier odiustments
5.
i
{aII5
!
I
f
t1
4.4.1 Generol, mointenonce'
The only routine moinfenonce required is in connection with
the cleonlin* oi'tl" ilntin'"'s'- Flow Cuvette Sysiem' ond
,.if "t**t of the desiccotor' See Section I '4 of this
monuol '
' The only moving Ports ore the Light- Chopper'Motor qnd the
Ronge Seleclor' Eti o" lifetime lubricotcd' ond rcquire no
moi ntenonce '
1.1.2 Generol, Adiustments'
There ore only six electricol odi$tments in the entire
iGtrument' Otlt tftt p"otpiifio' offset'odiustment-'' lt
requires setting ;;i ;il^ cmPonenk in the preomplificr ore
;i;;:- see- seciion 5'7 for detoils'
TheotherfiveoretheRongemuItip|iertrimmers(fwr)ondthe2ero lmertion Amplifier offset (one) discuscd in Sectim
4.4.3, below'
1.1.3 Ronge multiplier odiustment'
Generol:
Normolly, the rmge multipliers ore odiusied to o- '
tolerqnce of ttga' *ittt the reference filter ond light
,our". u,"d with ihe Rhodomine dyes' unless your order
includes filters for other opplicotim mly' In thi:
cce, the ronge multipliere will be odlusted for 1$!oPPl i cotion '
Ronge multiplier errors of'e t9 t.11 mcy be encountered
if the instrument is used with the light source ond rr lrer
for chlorophvll' insteod of Rhodomire (or Rhodcnine
irrteod of chlorophyll if initiolly colibroted on'chloroPhYll)'
Ronge multiplier error will olso be encountered with
snttiol tigh't srurce ond reference fi tts cmbinotions'
These error ore sioble' ond moy be corrected for'
However, for greotest oPerotor convenience you mqy wlsn
to odiust the 'Inge
t'ltipliet wlren.yo,ur opplicotion
chonges' This moy be done in the treld'
EquiPment Required:
'I . Digiiol voltmeter (DVM) I0'296 otcu'o"y' I0megohms or higher input impedonce'
2. TelemetrY connecior'
3. Cuvette odopior' either for 25 x 100 mm cuvettes
or 13 x l00 cuvettes'
4. A somple of o moteriol to which ihe instrument is
s"*ititt. when the instrument is equipped with
filters for your opplicotion' Fr exomple'
Rhodomine WT moy be used iroteod of chloropyll'
wnich is quite unstoble '
The concentrotion of this moteriol will be odiusted
qs described in the following procedure'
Sei UP:
I . Referring to Section 4'3'l or 4'3'2 qs opplicoble 'get qccess to the ronge multiplier lrimmetr ond the
zero insertion omplifier irimmers'
The X3'16, Xl0 ond X3l '6 ronge trimmers ore
tocoled on the center printed circuii boond' ot the
q top ond neor the frcnt ponel ' The X3 ' 1 6 trimmer is't the forthest one bock' The XlO trimmer is in the
center. The X3l '6 trimmer is in froni'
The Xl00 trimmer is ot the reor of this some.printed
ii..rit b"ond, iust below center' (R446)' The zero
imertion otil;ii", trimmer is directly obove it'(R440). They ore occessible through the reor'
2. Instqll the lighi source ond filters for the new
procedure.
3. Connect the DVM to the telmetry connector' .
The
negotive leod goes to Pin L' The positive leod goes
to-Pin M. There should be no other equipment
hooked to these Pins'
1. Apply power io the insfrument' ond let it worm uP
for ot leost ten minutes'
Procedure:
Note: This procedure musi be done in the following
ofoer.
l. Turn the Sensitivitv knob' the BLAN.* 9:1,:t' *n"
SPAN knobs oll full conter-clockwrse \!LYY,t'
2. Select the MIN SENS ronge' ond set the Xl - Xl0O
knob to XI00.
3' Adlust the concenirotion of your stondord so thot the
DVM reods between 3'00 ond 4'50 volts' ^Adiust
the SPAN control until -the DVM reqds 5'00 volts'
1. Set the Xl - Xl00 knob to Xl ' Remove the stondort
Do not put onother cuvette i n ploce '
5. Adiust the zero insertion mplifier trimmer until the
DV'M reods 0'0O0 volts'
6. Note the reoding ond polority on the-DVM.when thr
X3.16, XIO ond X3l '6 ronga o;e-se^le-cted' lh6e
reoding should qll be lx thon - U'uU) volrs'
Select MIN SENS. Set the XI - Xl00 knob to Xl 'i..t.fi ti'" stondqrd. Adiusr the Sensirivity knob
"^tff if." DVM reods obout l '58 volis' Touch up tf
SPAN control until the DVM reqds 'l
'581 '
Advonce to the X3.'t 6 ronge ' Adiust- the X3 ' I 6
trimmer until the DVM reods 5'00 volis'
t
Il
xt,r
I
i
{I*I
{i
E 7.
9. Reodiust ihe Sensitivityknob until the DVM reods
"L"ti i.SA volis. Touch up the SPAN control unii
the DVM reods ,l.581 volts'
lt.
Advonce io the Xl0 ronge' Adiusi the Xl0 trimmt
uniil the DVM reqds 5'00 volts'
Reodiust the Sensiiivity knob until the DVM reods
"l.ri i.sg volts' Touch up ihe SPAN control unt
the DVM reods 1.581 volts'
12, Advqnce to the X3l '6 ronge' Adiust the X3l '6frimmer until the DVM reods 5'00 volts'
13. Reodiusi the Sensitivity knob until the DVM reods
"i"ri r.Sg volts' Touch up the SPAN conirol un
the DVM reods I.581 volts'
14. Advonce to the MIN SENS ronge'. Sei the
Xl - Xl0O knob to Xl00' Woit oboui 45 seconos'
ti...airu the Xl00 trimmer (R4'16) until ihe DVN
reods 5.00 volts'
This concludes ihe od!usiment procedure' Remove
the test equipment ond the cuvetfe! Remove pow'
ond reossemble.
Note the type of light source' reference filter on
stondord used ond the dote this P-rocedure wos
corried ouf, on the front Poge ot thrs monuor '
ln
r
l-;-"
SECTION 5 -
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
5.I SYSTEM
5.1.I Fluorcscence5.1.2 Excitstion5.1.3 Emissim5.1,4 Refcrcnce Light5.1 '5 Light ChoPPing Seguence
5.1.6 ComPutotion5.1.7 Acccss to OPticol Elements
5.1.1 Fluqcsccnce
A fluorcscent molecule hos the obility to obsorb light ot one
wwclcngth ond olmost instontly mit light ot o new ond longcr
wovclcngth.
thc colot of thc cmitted light (or more scientificolly, its
mision specfrum) is independent of the excitotion wwelength
choeon.
Thc intcnsity of thc cmitted light dcpends on the,number of
ohotons of liqht which the fluorecent moteriol obsorbs per unit
of timc. Th,Js, the intensity of the emitted light is (l) ProPor-
timol to the intmsity of the exciting light, (2) proportionol
to thc concentrotion of the fluorescent moteriol present' ond
(3) hc o chqrocteristic excitotion sPectrum' which moy be
i.iotcd to the obsorption sPectrum, os meosured wiih o
rpcctroPhotmeier.
5.1 .2 &citotion. Sce Figure 5.
Thc wovclcngth of the exciting light which folls on the Somple
is sct by thc choicc of the Light Source ond the Excitotion
Filtcr. This wovclcngth is choeen (l) for strong obaorption by
thc motcriol undcr study, ond (2) for minimol oboorption by ony
intcrfcring fluorcsccnt moteriols which moy be present'
5.1.3 Emision. See Figure 5.
The net result is o current flow, i., ot the cothode of thc
Photmultiplier which moy be stoted mofhemoticolly os:
0) iF= L (Kl cp * K2 ct)+ id
where: L is the intensity of the light source. Kt ondK2 ore constonb which depend on filtcichoice, pmpcrties of the fluorcsccnt motcriolspr€sent, prcperties of thc lighr source,properties of the photmultiplier ond thegeometry of the somPle sYstem.
Cr is the concentrotion of the moteriol under study.
Cl is the concentrotion of interfering moteriols.
i6 is "dork current".
5.1.,t Reference Light. Se Figure 5.
A selected bond of wovelengths frorn the Light Source is
chosen by the Reference Filts ond polaized in o plorcdeperdont on the pcitions of the Sensitivity Control. The
plore of this polcized light moy be vcied from horizontol(conhol CCW) to verticol (control CW). A second polorizer.which posses horizontolly polorized light, is moonted on the
Forwcd Light pipe. As the Sensifivity Control is turrcd, the
light which pses through the second polcizer (ihe referencebeom) thus vcies over o wide ronge of infensify.
The reference light next (l) g@s through o filtir which
ironsmiis oooroximotelv I% of the light, if the Xl - Xl00 knob
isorXl00''or(2) directlyon, if theXl -Xl00knobisof Xl'
The reference light continues through the Fomond Light Pipc,ond the Light Chopper to the Attenudtor Wheel where it ogoin
is ottenuoted by filters, depending on the ronge of sensitivityselected. The tronsmission of these filten is opprcximolely
0) 100"/., in the MIN SENS position (2) 31 .6% in the
X3.16 position (3) l00/6 in the X]0 position ond (1) 3'16V"
in the X3l '6 Position.
The reference light continues to lhe Photmultiplier, which
responds by developing o currenl flow, ip ot its cothode'
(2) iR = LK3 + id
R
where: K, is q constqnt set by the properties of the Light
Source, Rlference Filter, Photomult;Plier ond setiing of thc
SensitivitY knob.
R is the product of ihe sensiiivity ronge selected ond the
seiting of the Xl - Xl00 knob,
REAR LIGHT PIPE
The Somple cmits light proporiionol to the concentrotion of
fluoresceni moteriol present, ond proportionol to the intensity
of the exciting lighi.
The color of this emiffed light is chorocteristic of the moteriol
bcing studied. The response of the Photomultiplier to this light
is sef by (l) the Emision Filter chosen ond (2) the sensitivityof the Photmultiplier os o function of wovelength.
The choice of PhofmultiPlier ond Emission Filter is mqde so
thot (l) it responds os much os possible to the light emitted by
the moteriol under study, (2) it responds os little os possible
to the mission of ony inferfering fluorescent moteriols which
moy be present. (3) it responds os little c possible to ony
of ihe exciting light which might be scotiered by turbidity or
reflection off of the cuvette wolls, eic.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER
EMtSSloN FI LTER
ATTENUATOR WHEEL
FI LTER
FORWARD LIGHT PIPE
POLARIZER rSAMPLE
(x1 -x 100 CONTROL
EXCITATION
LIGHT CHOPPER
LIGHT SOURCE
REFERENCE FILTER
Figure 5. Ooticol SYsiem
16 -
-L
SENSITIVITY CONTROL
$ il
5.1.5 Light Chopping Sequence. See Figure 5.
As shown, light from the Fluorescent Smple reoches the
Photomuliiplier, which responds by developing o cunent it.(Equotion l). As the Light Chopper continues to rototc lilhtfrm fhe Sonple is blockcd, ond reference light posscs on to
fhe PhotomultiPlier. lt responds by devcloping o current ip.(Equotion 2). Next, both the light fron thc Somple ond the
reference light ore blocked ond no light reochs the Phoio-
multiplier. lt responds by developing only dork cunent, i6'
The totol cycle time is obout 100 milliseconds (600 RPM).
5.1.6 Cmputotion.
The minute currents ot the cothode of rhe Photmultiplier ore
omplified by the Photomulriplier ond converted to o voltoge by
the.preomplifier.
The three sequentiol outputs of the premplifier moy be
represented qs:
(t) +=cL (Kl C, * K2 ct) +Gid
E_=GLK^ + Gi,rJo--:-K
(3) E, = Gi4
whcre: G is set by the high voltoge opplicd to the Photemultiplier.
Ef i6 the output when fluorescent light reoches thePhotmultiplier.
E. is the outPul when reference light roches the
Photmultiplier.
E, is fhe otput when no light reoch* the Photo-multiplier.
The first cmputotion corried out (in the premplifier circuitry)is to subtrqct E, from E1 ond Er.
The result is:
(4) Er = GL (Kl CF + K2 Ct)
(s) Ep = GLK'
R
The second cmputotion is corried out by odiusting the high
voltoge opplied to the Photomultiplier outmoticolly in such o
woy thot Ep is forced to equol o reference voltoge, ep. This is
done in the'Photomultiplier High Voltoge Power Supply. Sub-
stituting ep for Ep, solving equotion (5) for the product GL,ond substituting this into equqtion (4) yields:
r e^RK-v-
(Kl CF + K2 ct)
The third cmPutotion is corried oui in the Blonk InsertionAmplifier. A "blqnk" (o somple with none of the moteriol of
interest present) is ploced in the instrument. The BLANK knob
is odlusted so thot the voltoge E, equols zero. The mognitude
of this blonk subtroctim is switcted qs different ron96 ore
selected so thol regordless of the ronge chcen, the outpui Et
when only the blonk is present is zero.
Thus, when the BLANK knob is properly set:
e^R K, C-Ktr-;-
Note thot the system is (l) independent of voriotion in light
output of rhe Light Source. (2) Independent of dork currcnt'(3) outmoticolly sets the PhoimultiPlier goin corroctly ond
(4) subtrocts out blonk, independent of ronge chosen'
5.1 .7 Acccss to Opticol Elcmants'
The bulk of the opticol clments orc locoted in the somple
cmPortment. See Section I.5, for occess'
For occes to the remoining clements, see Section 4'3'
5.2 ELECTRONICS SYSTEM
5-2.1 Generol5.2.2 ParE Locotion ond Numbering5.2.3 Signol SYstem DescriPtion5.2.4 Ronge SYstem DescriPtion
5.2.1 Generol
Section 5.2 is on overview of how the electronics in yormodel l0 series fluorometerc oP€rqte.
The following portions of the electronics ore essentiolly
independent ond discused in the referenced sections:
5.3 +9 ond +5 VOLT POWER
5.4 LAMP ond -8 VOLT POWER
5.5 LAMP HEATER
Primory power wiring is discussed in Section I '3'POWER SOURCE AND WIRING.
5.2.2 Poris Locotion ond Numbering
All componenh with o two-digit cqllout - ic- COI , ROl ' ore
mountei directly on the Right Ponel, or on the Front Pmel'
All components with o three-digit collout storting with o 4 -i.e., C401, R401, ore locoted on the center printed circuitboord.
All components with o three-digit collout storting with o 5 -i.e., C501, R501, ore locoted on the reor printed circuitboord.
For occss to the obove referenced comPonents' see Section
4.3.1 or Section 4.3'2 of this monuol'
The bqlonce of the etectronic cmPonents moy be locoted by
reference to Figure 4, c follows:
ColloutI xx2xx3xx
For occess io the Imonuol.
Locotion
Under PhotmultiPlier CoverPosifion Serror PCB
Light Chopper Position Sensor PCB
x x components, see Section 4.3'5 of this
For occess to the 2 x x ond 3 x x comPonents, see Section
4.3.3 ond 4.3.6 of this monuol.
5.2.3 Signol Sysiem D*cription. See Figure 6.
5.2.3. I Operotionol AmPlifiers
In ihe lqst few yeors, the developmeni of the iniegroted circuitoperotionol omplifier hc revolutionized instrumeni design -ond mode your model I0 fluorometer posible.
Ideolly, the "mogic triongle", sho*n in Figure 5, symbolizes o
device whose oufput voltoge, oi the opex of the triongle, isreloted only to the difference in voltoge ot the iwo input
temi nols.
lf the + terminol is more pciiive ihon ihe - terminol, then the
ouiput will go positive by o lorge omount, ond vice veroo.
Typicolly, the oufput voltoge will swing 100,000 times os
much qs lhe difference between the two input voltoges.
(2)
E e
(6)
r
r Ii
By proper odjustment of the SPAN control, ond remembering
thot eo is o constqni, the instrument moy be colibroted so ihot
the P<jiel Meter (or equipment connected to the telemetry out-
pui) reods directly in concentrotion, except for proper plocing
of the decimol .
PHOTOMULTIPLIER
HIGH VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK RESISTOR
PRTAMPLIFIER
DEMODULATOR
REF
MEMORY
BLANK INSERTION AMP"
sslG
LER
))I
TO BLANK CONTROL
SPAN CONTROL
REFERENCE ERROR AMP;
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
SPAN CONTROL AMP.
TO RANGE SYSTEM
PANEL METER
Figure 6. Signol Electronics SYstm
.3.2 Dork Currcnt Correction' 5e Figure 6'
The light chopping sequence, os described in Section 5'l '5of this monuol, is fluorescence - reterence - no lrgnr'
The demodulator, shown in Figure 6 os o switch is,octuolly on
elcctronic switch. The funciion is the some os if it were o
s*ii"h, tototing synchronosly with the light chopping sequence'
During the period when no light reoches the?hotomltiplier(ond t-he Demodulotor is in the Zero position)' the uqrk
Current Correction System ouiomoticolly odiusts the output of
the PreomPlifier to zero volts'
The oction of this system moy be described os follows:
I ' Presume thot the Preomplifier outpui voltoge is
slightly poeitive. This will couse the output of the Zero
Ofiset'Amplifier to go negotive, oi o rote set b/ ihe,size of
the Memory Copocitor qnd ihe resistor leoding trom the
Demodulotor to the Zero Offset Amplifier'
2. This ccfion will continue until the + inPuf to the
Preonplifier is qt the some voltoge os ihe - input'
3. When the Demodulolor continues on to its next
(SlG) poeition, the Memory Copocitor will couse,the Zero
Offset Amplifier to "remember'i this voltoge' ond hold the +
inout to the Preomplifier ot this ProPer volue'
.2.3.3 Current to Volioge Convesion'
The output of the photmultiplier is bosicol.ly o current' lt is
"|""*t.J to o voitoge oi o ielotively low impedonce by the
pt"..pfiff"t ond Feeibock Resistor' shown in Figure 5'
As discused obove, the + inPut to the Preomplifier is held ot
*1i o tot*g" thoiduring the no light portionof the light
chopping sequence, tne Jutput voltoge.-of ihis Premplifier is
zaro. The input current to ihe Preomplifier is esseniiolly
zero. See Section 5.7.
Thus, during the no light period, the voltoge ot th€ - inPut to
thc ircomplifier must be equol to the Photmultiplier dork
lurr"nt tii"" the resistonce of the Feedbock Resistor' Since
currant flow into the Phoimultiplier, this will be o slightly
ncAotive vol ioge.
Whcn the light chopping sequence continues to where light from
thc fluorscent smple reoches the PhotomuliiPlier' more
lurrcnt will flow into ihe PhotmultiPlier' This.couses the
irtprt of the Promplifier to swing posiiive until the.currenr
floiing tht"rgh the Feedbock Reistor ogoin equols the current
flwing into the PhotomultiPlier'
This voltoge is the product of the rsistoncc of the Feedbqck
Resistor ond the current flowing - hence the title "Currcnt to
Voltoge Conversion" .
Note ihot hod ihe light frm the fluorscent somple bcen zero'
dork current would hove continued io flow, ond ihe outPut
voltoge would hove remoined ot zero' Dork currenf' hc been
subtrocted out'
The some principol holds when thb light chopping sequence
continus to reference.
5.2.3.4 PholmultiPlier Gqin Sei'
The High Voltoge Power Supply hos oll the chorocteristics of on
operotionol omplifier - but hos the obility to PUt out uP to obout
-]000 volts. See Section 5'8'
Referring to Figure 6, it is driven bi the Reference Eror
A.plifiJr. lf,-while the Demodulotor is in the Reference
p*'ition, ihe ieference sisnol is l::t ?*l!,"t.tllT the Refercnce
Voltoge, o pcitive voltqge is opplied io the.High Voltoge
eo*.r-Srppiy. This couses ihe output of the High Voltoge Power
Supply to go negotive' This increces the goin of ihe Photo-
multiplier, G, increosing the Reference output until it is equol
to the Reference Voltoge'
Forcing the Reference Output io equol the Reference Voltoge
is the second computotion described in Section 5'l '6' This
fixes the goin, G, of the Photomultiplier ot ihe proper volue'
5.2.3.5 BLANK Insertion.
The dork current hos been corrected for (Sectiom 5'2'32 ond
5.2.3'3). The Photmultiplier goin hos been correctly set'
(Section 5.2.3.4).
During the fluorescence (SlG) poriion of the.light chopping -
..ou.i.., o volloge proportionol to tha toiol.fluorecencc of thc
;;l; (b-oth ,otpi" iluo'*"tnce ond blqnk fluorescence) is
ouoiloblu ot the output of the preomplifier' This voltoga is. -
oiso proporrionol to'the sensitivity selected' See equotion (6)'
Section 5.1.6.
This voltoge is smoothed by o resistor ond copocitor ond opplicd
1e lls * inpui of the Blonk Insstion Amplifier'
The BLANK control qllows insertion of o positive voltoge' Eg'
to the - input of the Blqnk Insertion Amplificr, yhi:!' yntnproperly set, comPensotes for the fluorescence ot o blonK
:.i;;.;. Thi, uoitog. is olso prcportionol to the sensi.tivity
selected, so thot when different ronges ore used, blonk
supresion remoins correct.
POWER SUPPLY
-18
i:'1 .{
I
Figure 7. Ronge Electronics System
MIN SENS(roo% T)x3r.5 (3.16%T)
5.2.3.6 SPAN Control
Ths Spon Control Amplifier anplifies the net fluorcccnt
signoi by on omount which is dependenf m fhe setting of the
SPAN control. See Sectim 5'10'
5.2.4 Ronge System Description' See Figure 7'
5.2.4.1 Extemal Rcnge Systm Outputs'
The cxtcrnol outputs of the Ronge Systm ore (l ) indicotion of
th€ ronge selected, on the front ponel ronge lights (2) indico-
tion of the ronge selected, by either onolog or TTL cmpotoble
digiiol signols ot the telemetry connector ond (3) o TTL
compotoble digitol overronge signol ot the telemetry conneclor'
il The telemetry outPuts ore described in detoil in Seciim 2'4 of't this mqnuol'
5.2.1.2 lnternol Ronge System Outputs.
The internol outputs of the Ronge Systm ore (l) Eg, the BLANK
supresion voltoge, which is ronge dependent' Se; Section
5.2.3.5- (2) e6, the reference volioge for the High Voltoge
Powcr Supply, *}i"h i, trimmed to precisely sei the sensitivityon eoch ionge. See Section 5.9. (3) drive io the Ronge
Selector SteP Motor.
5.2.1.3 Step Motor.
The Ronge Selector Siep Motor goes in only one direction -the sequence being MIN SENS - X3'15 - Xl0 - X3l '6 -MIN SENS, erc.
5.2.1.4 Underronge Action'
lf the Net Fluoresceni Signol goes below one volt (20% of fullscole), the Under Ronge Anplifier outPUt goes from o posiiive
volue to o negotive volue. This logic signol is cmbined with
the output of the Position Sensor. lf the instrument is on ony
ronge qcePr X31 -6 (Muimum sensitiviiy) it will step foruord
to theiZiiTigher semiiivity, ond woit obout four seconds' forthings to settle down. lt will then look ot the Net Fluorescent
Signol ogoin, ond behove c obove.
The result is thot if o sieodily decreosing fluorescent signol is
cncountered, the sensitivity of ihe instrument will be increosed
eoch time the fluorecent signol drops below 20olo of fullscqle - until the instrument is ot its moximum sensiiivity'
5.2.1.5 Overronge Action.
NET FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL (0 TO 5 VOLTS)
POStTtON
sENsoRs J
next Po6ition in its seciucnce, ond woit oboui four seconds fqthing to settle down. lt will then look ot the Nat Fluor*csnt
Signol ogoin, qnd behqve os obove'
Cmsider whot hoppens when o steodily incrcosirtg fluorcsccnt
signol is encounteied - storting on the X3l '6 (mcimum scnsiti-
"',-ty) .ong.. When on overronge signol ie cncountcrcd - it will
od"on""lh" Aitenuotor Wheel Step Motor orc position - to
MIN SENS. Since the fluorescent signol hod bean iust ovcr
full scole ond sensitivity wos decreosed by o foctor of 3l '6 thc
output will now be under 2Q"/oof tull scole' Undcrongc octim
- see 5.2.4,4 will toke over, ond the irotrumcnt will odvoncc
unti I it reods 31 .60/o of ful I scqle, on the Xl 0 ronge'
lf the Net Fluorecent Signol goes overronge on the MIN SENS
posiiion, the instrument will stop there, with the Ponal Metcr
off scole' An overronge signol will be prcsent ot thc tclemctqy
connector.
5.3 +9 ond +5 VOLT POWER.
5.3.1 PrimorY Power.5.3.2 Ports Locotion.5,3.3 +5 Volt Regulotion.5.3.4 +9 Volt Regulotion.
5.3,1 Primory Power.
Primory power is derived either from the power troroformer'
diode'ond copocitor on the Righi Ponel' or directly from on
exiernol D'C. source' See Section l '3 for detoils'
5.3.2 Ports Locotion.
All components ore locoted on the rsr printed circuit boond'
See Seciion 4.3.1 or 4.3.2 lor occess ond figure 2l for
detoiled locoiion of ports on the printed circuit boord'
5,3.3 + 5 Voli Regulotion. See Figure 8'
The +5 volt regulotor is o compleiely self-contoined integrolcd
circuii, U503, which runs off of thc +9 volt line'
Output power to the resf of the instrument is vio wires 16, l7ond l8 on the reor prinfed circuit boord. Output for occesori'is olso ovoiloble ot pin T of the telemetry connector.
RANGE LIGHTS
RANGE ANALOG OUT
RANGE DIGITAL OUT
OVERRANGE OUT
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
BLANK VOLTAGE
ruLSES TO MOTOR
AUTO-I\AAN & STEP
xl - x100
xro (r0% T)
Output voltoge is between 4.75 and 5.25, ond should not shif
more thon m! or two millivolts over the entire ronge of linc
voltoge or loqd. Drift on wdm - up will be negotivc, ond un
20 mil li volis '
Nomol lood current is opproximotely I20 milliompercs. An
odditionql l0O milliomperes moy be drown vio pin T of the
telemetry connector.
g The voltoge ot the iunciion of Rr ond R, is one fifth of ihe NetFluorascent Signol. lf the Net Fluores6'ent Signol goes over
five volts (fult scole), the pcitive input to the Over Ronge
Amplifier exceeds the negotive input, ond its outPut goes lrmo negotive volue to o pcitive volue. This logic signol is cm-bined with the output of the Position Sensor. lf the instrument
is on ony ronge excepi MIN SENS, it will step foruord to thet9 -
R5ll - 825nto/o
D5@ I R5t2
D509 tN4445 I lov
l8f"l l+91'1
t'7:
C
c,.c-
,,/-\-lj
:t)
Qsl2RCA 40389
c5t5lOO,/t Fl6 vl
f f''fl::?:."cross cst,r :h":!i *.* 0) vr.y ."*-;:ot obout 3000 Hr., under 0. Irrequcncy .ippr.i ,.a..lo;l,i'.,ij,i, i".t; rja
hch ond rine
+9 Volt Rcgulction. See Figure g.
The refcrcnce for the +9 volt ra*"rir.a-i" t]i'"""r.i."i'"t#qtor is the +5 volt output,
Ih: +9 rott line is divided dorond compored w uss2*,rh ,-#'..:t"51 l,#
*t, to 5 vott5,
[fl?.d.t*r e512, which in turn drives fhe series resuloror,
Ihe zener diode D5@ ond R5lirtort up of fhe regulotors.
3 ore required to insure prcper
)utput voltoge is between 9.0'orc thon l0 millivolts o""'
"to5l-'-'5 ond sho'uld not shift
ri ri on worm -up -,li' "d ;:rff ;'';r.::rr::l J'ff , L.*l;:.
lormol lood current is opproximotely two mperes.t,oscilloscope ocross C5l5 shotrKes or obour 3o0o H.. , ,*..'l':l:1,
(t ) Very norrow
l l'ffi ';",lilT. :nt;iyii,'l*i, ;, iT',.'il.'""MP ond -8 VOLT POWER
l.l Ports Locotion.
i:3 3;i;,i',3;!; Converter
'.4 Lomp Stort Circuit,5 Lomp Regulotor
Do not let light from the cleooFfrii eyes.- Ab";; ;;;,;;:ff:i: ;::: lr.li"i;, i ?;S.someone wqs rubbing sond in t
Ul;h:i",h,,-:,'.t nlft ,'':ff A I il, :il "'Locotion,
;omponenh ore locoted on fheo*he rronsfome, ".Jri" ;;j*',1:':td
circuir boord
::l ":. o. th" nishi ,;;:i."h"'hil:'f,il,:,#:,:t.;:i "T;, ::: ;: 1.."J: ffij ",:,jTJ :i.*" ;i :"':Ti : : .,
ijliluf,l"ot'"n of ports on the prinred circuir boord,
to D.C. Converter. See Figure 9,
t*lo-:.. is o ferrite _ core sotgs to ollow r"tr-...ir.jiLiir'u.:t'"n unit, with feedbock
:^Tlstu:oted,*,,.i",, .l',1_:1il ;rl,t?lr'li flii,::JlilH7"l:lins of rhe
".*r".,"1. .."nsoe
.";d
Operoting frequen,rorms ore *r.rr,",if]i..1ht l1T lt" under lood' wwedown. .,_.ry sguore. C50l kieps swifching t.onri.it,
The outpuf is rectilR5t6 is o bleeder.
,,;l,.br^?:.9:."* D504 ond fittered by C506.
rnustbemode;'i,.Jr'j,lT.,,l,jqfi ;#1""d#"ffi:,,;;;The wltoge ocross C-506_with the.lomp.in or out of its socket isobour t05 volh. The lood curent l, IU*,j ii,,,irfiiompercs.
5.4.3 -8 Volt power. See Figure 9.
[}i[i::i il'#:ff:ld:^'r the primorv wirdins or theptito.y *ina",',ig;;:'tt
t +s rclh' the other side-of theis simlior. n,, nuo".ll^*-1ly
-9 volh-' The ocfion of Q502
"Jojoi'.#i,ll:""J'f til?:ii?:lJitr.jf i".1'osoi
Output voltoge, ofter the lomp storts, is between _7.9 ond _9.Nomol lood cunenl,r.. uj.i p.i,.j,ffii j'f:T;:#l*,T;:,J;ryg;; g1*heored, rhe loqd currenr ,", n. .s"".,ioo"Ii,lr".o".o.After the lomp is on(r)
'.;;;;; ;;:^-'i::rll:'coPe ocross c5o4 should show(2i,ip;r. ;;
-";J ff 'J. ..:i,::y # J.fl:. J. ?' ;.,. ;;,.
5.1.4 Lomp Storf Circuit. See Figure 9.
When no current flow
;:"f:gii*::'!";dryi:il',''r::I::,1"i:1"#::"-
Il,"r:..': "' "'ill'i fl1y|1s throush.D5r3. DSl2 octs os o:ilT:".T:fi; ".::::I'g the.voltose or the
-ne"eorive ena or
pon.nt. it'i. id:?lf"'"u,u"ltose' with o hisfA'c. com-q.;
;
r |
:* ";" ;;;:,ff ;il:T#:'"d;#,T..i,h * ;;',,j,:T;1;'or.re wove, soing r.o.n +i-o-d.,*jdo i,.ru,
When the collector of a595 is ot +5 y6;6, fhe network con_sisiing of R504, R5O5 o-) 6c^, "-' :
consisting .f ci5oa;;'X:'.yo cous$ the Dorlington compound
co thode [l ower-)- tt;.i, ]" I''^Tr,l' r ;:1* t' Th i s heors the'
When lomp current stqrts to flow, the following things hoppen:
'|
. Ai 1y[::,T.L i::::,*xi.liJ,;#,:1.ffi11.,
2 ' Iff Jff:.;:,]:tor ^circuir run*ions, which couse t
'see section sot,950s-.'o
drop fo obout -30 volts. q
nson to esoJ'a.il-lhj' voltose is coupled viothe lomp ,,I"r:lLatoo' cutiins off the power to
+9 ond +5 Volt Regulotor5
ilir
x
-20-
=N
1sc9?R ;iab Ioiz o-N 6
e
6!9 sSa1
x€EZ
I
| ,.rGil&, rtra'[4.t
Fzuz2-F;f9250outrd0:
NF.NzN
I
oa
*
=I
OoNI
N6e
E*z
I
8o
prT
Fioure 9. LAMP AND -8 VOLT POWER SUPPLY
llrj
!1
J
r.6,,
\.6)/N\
\F/
/a\\a/
N
€zN
8c=a@Nd€
5.4.5 Lcnp Rcgulotor' Sa Figura 9'
Lomp current flws through R507, R509 ond returm viq Q505
lnd D5l3 to fho negotive erd of C506.
Whcn thc lcnp currant is high cnough so thot thc voltogc drop
ocrc l5olequols the voltogc drop ocross the Zcncr dioda,86, rh. antput of U50l storts to cut off QJQJ - ond scts
lhe lcnrP currcnt.
Nminol running voltogcr orc (l) emittcr of Q505 -l .2 volts.(2) collcctor of Q{8, -30 volts (3) + ond ol C5O6, +75
rrolb. Opcroting Currcnt through the lomp is opproximotclyI l5 milliompcrcs.
An occilloscopc from ground to tho onode (upper) end of the
lcnp will show wild ond vorioble oscillotim - often with on
oin;lirude.of l0 to l5 volts, P. to P' This oscillotion is
inhcrcnt in thc plosrno of the lomp' Since light outPui i3
dcpcndcnt m lomp currcnt, which is reguloted ond sincc tha
oecillotion fraqucncy is much higher thon the bond to which
thc photmultiplicr promplifier con respond, this ccillotioncou3at no Problems.
Ecfore the lonp storts, no curent con flow through P'507 ord1509 except thot which retums vio ihe bose to emitter iunctionof Q505 to U501. This is set, by the design of U50l otopproximctely 25 milliomperes. This coses Q505 to soturot€'
The voltogc ct its emitter (ond olso its collector) is 9 volfs
less rhe voltoge drop ocross R507 ond R509 coused by the 25
milliomPere current, or opproximotely +6 volts.
5.5 LAMP HEATER
5.5,.| Gencrol5.5.2 Ports Locotion5.5.3 Opcrotion
5.5.1 Generol
Thc stobility md position of the plosno in the lomp is depen-dent on thc vopor Prssure of mercury in the lomp, which is intum set by the temP€rdture of the coldest point on thecnvelope of the lonp.
Since ihe lmp is verticol, this cold spot is very nwr the
bottorn - so controlling the temperoture ot the bottom of thelonp is oll thoi is required.
The plcmo position shifls very little, when the cold spottcnDcroture exceeds 50oC. For this reoson, even though the
lomp fmperoture moy rise obove 50oC. on q hot doy, thecontrol point is set ot obout 55"C., ond is not criticol-
5.5.2 Ports Locotion.
All componenh ore locoted on o gnoll prinied circuit boord
behind the bottom of the lomp. See Figure 3.
For occass, see Section I.5.
5.5.3 Oerotim
R3 20rI 3W(HEATER)
Figure I0. Lomp Heoter Circuit
R2 is o themistor whqe resistonce decreqses c its temperoture
increoses. Ql qnd Q2 ore boih silicon tronsistom, whce
normol ( rm tempcroture) bce-to-mitter iunction voltogc is
0.6 volts.
When the instrument is fint tumed on, the resistoncc of R2 is
high, bccouse it is cold. Ql ond Q2 cc biccd into conduc-
tion bY RI.
As the temperoturc riscs' the resistoncc of R2 drops. Whcn itis lon cnough so thot thc voltogc ot thc bosc of Ql drops to1.2 volts (two bosc-to-ernittcr iunction voltogcs) currcnf is
rcduccd ond the temperoturc is stobilizcd.
The opcroting temPcroturc is 55 1soc.
5.6 LIGHT CHOPPER POSITION SENSOR
5.6.1 Ports Locotion5.6.2 Light Chopper Position Senson
5.6..I Ports Lcotim.
All cmponents ore locoted on the Moin Frome Arscmbly. Sce
Figure 4. The 2xx components ore on thc Position S:rsor
Printcd Circuit Boord. The 3xx cmponents orc on thc LlghtChopper Position Sensq Boord.
For occess' see Section 4'3'3'
For detoiled locotion of the 2XX ssies of poris on the printed
circuit boord, se Figure I9.
5.6.2 Light Chopper Positim Sensom. See Figure I I .
It is necessory to know when no light reoches th€ Photo-multiplier; when Fluorscent light reoches it; ond when
Refcrcnce light reoches it. In oddition, it is neccssory thot osmoll deod zme be present, to insure thot no signols orepossed during the tronsitim from one light period to onother.
This is occomplished by three magnets, two Holl Effect mogneticfield sensom, o time deloy circuit, ond combimtionol logic.
Referring to the schemotic, Figure I I, Light Chopper Position
Sercor Circuitry, below, the following sequence of events occus:
I . Neor the end of the reference light period, the north pole
of o mognet posses the Holl Effecf s€nsor so Positioned thof
iis' output drcps briefly to o logic zero. (U302).
This resets both sectioro of the duol J-K flip-flop, U202 so
thot their outPuts ore both logic zero, ond storts the tinte
deloy U204.
2. During the fime deloy, the output of U2O4 is o logic orr,whichforces the output of pirr I , 2 ord 4 of U205 to go to
o logic one.
At the end of the time deloy the output of U204 returns fo o
logic zero, ond the zeros oi piro 14 ond 15 of U205 force the
Zero output ot pin I to o logic zero.
3. Neor the end of the zero light period, the souih pole of omogret posses the Holl Effect seroor so pocitioned thot its'output drops briefly to o logic zero. (U301).
This signol is opplied to the clock input of both sections ofthe J-K flip-flop, U202, koroferring the logic one ot the Jinput of U202A to its' output, ond to the J input of the
second sectioryU202B. Ihe output of U2028 remoire ot o
logic zero,
The brief zero os the mognet poses the Holl Effect seroor qlso
storts the time deloy, U204.
4, During fhe iime deloy, the output of U204 is o logic ore,which forces the oufpui of pins I , 2 ond 4 of U205 to go io o
logic one.
At the end of the time deloy the outpui of U204 returrc to ologic zero; the zero oi pin 14 of U203 ond the one ot pin l5of U205 force the Signol oufput qt pin 2 to o logic zero.
2N 5296v(THERMTSTOR)
a
$j
S.Neortheendofthesigm||ightperiod,thesattheo|eof'
;.ffis#fu,'#-h jl'; * r5: ;:i;'oir* "*
This clocks both sectiors o{ the J-K flip-flop'' U202'--'
b"n;;;' ""'P" f t" rl:.'.:"^'i:li'ilf!".:ftT.l trcrsfening the logic on€ set uP or I
J oborc to its'outPut'
Thc bricf zcro os thc togtl11ft the Holl Effcct semq
olso storts ihc timc deloY' U2(X'
At the end of the time deloy the output of-U-204returrc
l6ic zero; the ones ot pins 14 ond 15 of U205 force the
R"i.ren.e etPut ot pin 4 to o logic zero'
7. Neor rhe e"d "f t: *uTl':ff:f;.,*1",.ls1fi"5r:i,n"mognet referenced in-ste1
;;; t. positioned thot its' outPutdroP6 briefly to o logtc
t"-, oi lhe sequence repeots itself'
The TTL compotcble losic qJtPuts qrG invgf^9d t{:t{ltlttdbv the quod oPon collector "frpott*'
U40l to drivc- the Zero'
Sionol ond Refer€nce o"t*'i""t' Ttrc cmporoto.r is powcred
from the +9 ond -8 "ott tin"''-fi"-@tPut swing is from nsrly
+9 volts to neorlY -8 volts'6. Durirg thc tim€ d€loy' thc outout of U204 is o logic om'
which forces th€ otrtPut oipinl t' 2 ond 4 of U205 to gp to
o logic one.
u2027173t2
SOUTHSENSORUGN3O2OT
NORTHSENSORUGN3O2OT
R2022.2K
210i
tJzot - 71@
u,()lLlt3302
t c2l0.0lpF
u2041M556
R2l 2
8.2K
C208 - .OIPF
C207 - 0.1rr F
u302
#F',rc_r###
urot - LIn n -*l--l-- ll I
uzu/e-----) L- --j
nt
/rV
oEs TYPE GND +5 19 -8
u2u2 7173 4 nr4
u205ruot
7U2 6 I6L,v{3302 ?
Light Chopper Position Semon
.l
PREAMPLIFIER
5.7.1 Ports Locotion
5.7.2 Dcmodulotor
5.7.3 PrcanPlifieri-.2 .l Z"* Offsct mplifier ond its odiutment
Ports Lrcqtion
All componcnts orc inside thc PhotomultiPlicr Cover' Sec
t;s; d. For occces, scc Section 4'3'5'
Fordctailcd locotion of the IXX seriec of porh on the printed
circuit boond, see Figure l8'
Dcmoduloior. Sce Figure l2'
Rcfcring to Figure 12, thc dcmoduldtor cmsists of QI0l 'Rl04 ond Dl 0l .
QI0l is on N-chonncl iunction Ficld fffcci Tronsistor' lf ik
ii.'ti*it*t.a by thc'orrow) is ot thc smc voltogc os tha
i'*r.. iJ*ig".,cd'by on'S')it will bchova-os il il '"t: ".350 ohm rcsistc, bctwecn tcrminols 5 ond u' lt the goro rs
itlt* ""g.ri*, olmost no current (under I no') will flow in
th.'got",i, bctwccn the ieminols morked S ond D' lt is on
olmoet pcrfcct switch.
Thc output of the Zero Posiiion Signol Conditioner.is "11:t f
;;;rT *ii. rt is +9 volts duiins the period thot Ql0ltto.rta U. conducting. See Section 5'6'2'
This output is oPPlicd to Dl0l '
When it is ot +9 volts, Dl0l does not conduct. Rl03 mointoins
the ggte to s@rce voltoge oi zero' Ql0l octs os o 350 ohn
resistor.
When it is ot -8 volts, Dl0l conducts ond rhe sotc of Ql0lis pulled rrgotive. Under these conditions Ql0l och os on
ooen circuit.
Prooer switching oction will be moinioincd owr the rcngc ofpreomplifier otputs from obout +7 volts to qbout -4 volts.
5.7.3 Precnplifier. See Figure l2'
The onode current to the PhotomultiPlier rongcs frffi zcro to
five nonoonperes, which dictotes use of o very high impedonce
i noui elernent,
A type CA3l40 MOS/FET^inpur operotioml mplifia is ucd
o, ii" itp"t elemcnt (UI02)- lrput cunent is typicolly dout
l0 PicoornPeres'
.2
Tvoicolly, the gote of Ql02 runs betwecn 0'5 ond 2 volts
negotive with respect to the sourcc. This offsct is corcctcd
otihe so." time ihqt dork currcnt is correctcd. Thc systcm
coects of this correction ore discused in Scction 5'2'3'2'Circuit detoils ore discussed in Scction 5'7'4'
--PHOTOM ULT'PLIER
R/A7 - lOOo MEqs
c/42/oo
Y6 T",it
Dlol- tN4416D
c lol - loo+
R/O3-/oon Vro.
9'47oK-5%
27K
.oyF
To<
loK
FIGURE t2 . Pe,aanett tr/FR ( PporoPluLTlPLlFR24-
R/02 lOOn
3vuu -., ploa
c/8 l+
Scugq,crtc.
SincetheilputcurrenttoUl02isrng|igibl.e,o|lonodecurrentto the photomultipliefmust flow through Rl07'
.lnverse feed-
bock ond the dork current correction scheme rct togeth€r to
forcc the regotive i'e't * UfOZ to be ot zero vohs in the
cbacncc of a*t "'oJni' -Th*
the voltoge ot the 'output
of
ilo'i'i, f"t""a to be equol to the net photmultip,lier onooe
curr€nt (with ao* ""-'1-J 'uttrocted
out) time the volue of
RI07.Dl02 ig o speciol low-leckogc diodc' Wlrcn,condensotion of
moisture occuE on tt,e p=t'-ot-Jlu|tiptier, this diode performs the
duol function of ptottt'ting QI02' ord ollowing.enwgh current
to flw' to elimimte the moisture' See Section I '6'5'
5.7.1 Zsro Offsct Amplifier ond its odiutment
Thc systcm ospccts of this corrcction ore discussed in Section
5.2.3.2.
Thc occurocy of the correciion depcnds o-n the offset of
UlOl ' This is odiusted to neor zero by Rl05'
Rl05 moy bc rcoched by rcmwing the picce of tope frm the
Photonruitiplicr Cover' Sce Figure 4'
Adir.rstmcnt will be rcquired only if Ul0l is reploced' Proceed
os follows:
I . Rcmove high voltoge from the PhotmultiPlicr,by removing
wirc 530 m thc reor printed circuit bmrd' lhrs rs tne
i"*.t *irc ncqrest the center of thc inrtrumcni' Ground
this wirc with o cliP leod'
2. Okervc the otrtput of the preomplifier with o D'C',
;;ii*".P.' To do this' ground the oscillos-cope ot
;il 60 ;J observe the 'ioveform
ot wire 423 ' Svnchron-
izc the oscilloscoPe ot wire 425' These wires ore reor the
top *, of the center printed circuit boond'
3. Adiust Rl05 until the wovcform is centered obout zero
Ji. wf'." properly odiusted' you should see:
PHOTOMULTIPLIER HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
5.8.1 Ports Locoiion
5.8.2 D.C. io D.C. conversion
5.8.3 PhotmultiPlier Divid.r Network
5.8.1 Ports Locotion
Thc D.C. to D'C' convertor is on the reor printcd circuit
f.iJ. -ff..
refercnce errc omplificr' dcmodulotor ond
refercncc,*t"t o" on the ceitcr printcd.circuit boord' Scc
i..i-"1.:.ro'4'3'Zforocces'Thephotmultiplicrdiv-ider;;;;;;.' the phoiomultiplier cover' Soe Section 4'3'5
for occess 'For detoiled locotion of the components iri rhe D'C' to D'C'
converfor (5XX series) on the printed--cit"uit boond' se'
;;;;i .-Tht;f*t; enor omplifier' demodulotor ond ref-
erence sotce Ports (4XX series) ore shown in Figure 20'
5.8.2 D.C. to D.C' converion' See Figure l3'
Q5@ ond Q5l0 form o Dorlinsrton::lp*{,:-ITv ond Q5ll
oct os ccnpl ement"ty -tJtu-iotiig
swi tches' ol tcmotcly dri ven
into conduction uy "'iSOO
Hz'-squore wove^derived from the
D.C. to O.C. "on*tto' used in the Lonp Powcr Supply' Sce
Scction 5.4'2'
The D. C' volfoge ot the bce of 4509 sets the D'C' vo togp
ovoiloble ot the collector of Q5S ond Q5l0'
This, in turn, sets the omPlitude of the squore wovc opplicd
vio C508 to the tromformer.
The stepped uP squore wove is-converted^to D,'C' bl the
voltose dobler ""ml1i*-31^CSt9'^.O'5"t0
ond D5ll ' lt is
filteJd bv c509, csl l ' R5l8 ond K)rv'
The ompliMe of the squore wove opplied fo *tc bosc of Q5l0
is so set thot """;';t;; excessive witoge-is opplied to the bos
of Q509, the high voitog€ will be limited to opproximotely
I 000 volts'
Typicolly, in order to gererote. 500 volts D'C' ocross C5l l ' c
m'lsui with o "olt
t-"ttt with o l0 megotm inPut irpedence
the voltoge ttq'iJ ot the bose of a5O9 will be 4'6 volts'
11ru sqveform ocross the primory of the irorcfqmer will be o
souor€ wove, 2'5 volts P' to P'
5.8.3 Photmultiplier Divider Network' See Figurc l2'
High voltoge is opplied to the cothode of the photmulliplier
vio a 27 K resistor' This resistor limi ts the muimum curr€nt
flow in the proiective diode' Dl02' in cce of o moisturc-
induced orc-over in tha photomultiPlier bose'
(e
i
-______--TI
Reploce wire 530 - Rcsemble'1.
5.
Turn power off'
See Section 4.4.3 underR.lll0 must be reodiusted.procedure, stePs 1-5.
R5l I220K
c509.lpF - I KV
DsII - 2KV
NOISE - UNDERl0 MV P. to P'SPIKES . UNDER
IOO MV P. to P.
a506
Q508
C5O8-l0qrF-l6V
Figure 13. High Voltoge Power Supply Schemotic
-25-
RED - YELLOW
Thc usc of rclotivcly higfi dynodc drcpping rcsistos (470K)protefs th6 phottrtultipli€r from oc.ijcnt-ol ove.loj by higtlight lcvcls. Whcn dynode curront gGts high, o lorgc dropccur' ocro3s thcsc rcsisto6, limiting the rnoximum photo_multipli.r curr.nt.
Thc lost dynodc rGtums to filta.d -g volts, to providc onqninol onodc voltogc af 8 volts. Sincc tic oioac currant islimifcd b fivc' nonodrp.r6, lincority is axccllcnt.
Thc cxtarior of thc photornultiplicr is pointcd with conductivcpoint, ond conncctcd to thc cothodc by o l0 mcgohmprotcctivc rcsistor.
5.9 COMPOSITE SIGNAL DESCRIPTION
5.9.1 Generol5;9.2 Referenca Enor Amplifier ond Demodulotor5.9.3 Reference Source5.9.4 Signol Demodulotion ord One Second Tims Constont5.9.5 Zaro Demodulotion
5.9.1 Gcncrol
The output of tha proomplificr os discussed in Secfions 5.1,5otn 5.2.3.2 is, in scguence, fluorcscence, refer€ncc, nolisht.
During the-no light po*ion of the seguence, dork currenf isconccted for ond the output of the preonplifier is forced fozcno volb-. During the rcference portion of the sequence, theoutpot is forced to cquol o rcference voltoge, with's nomimlvoluc of 2.8 volts.
During thc fluorcsccncc poriim of the seguence, the outputis prcportimol to the fluorcsccncc of the sompla.
This signol moy be oherved with o D.C. orcill6cop6. 1q6.this, grou.nd the oscilloscopc ot wirc 127, "h;;-;;'*;;_forn of wire 423, otd synchronize ot wire l2i. lil;;ldre neor thc top reor of thc ccnter printcd circult b;:"'
PROPORTIONAL TO FLUORESCENCE
2.8V(Rr.)
ov (zEro)
At low scnsitivitics, this wovefom will bc quitc,,clcon,,. A,5sensitivity is increosed, rondom noisc will bccomc cvidcnt ontha rcferencc portion of the sequence, ona * ii]ftr*o".n."l::tl": ,.i: or less proporrionol to its omplituJc. finolly, -thc zcro portion will bccomc noiry.
5.9.2 Referance Errcr Amplificr ond Dcmodutotor. Scc Figurc 14.
During the interyol when .:f"*_ng. light folls on thc photemultiplier, the referencc demoduloror-is t".*a
"i.' nf,circuit consisk of D405, Rl27 ond e40g. lt opcrctes in thesome foshion os the zero demodulotor, describcd in Scction S.Z.Z.The error between the ourput of the pieomplificr during thcrefercncc period ond o rofcrcncc ,oitog" ,, oppliJ to thcreference.error omplificr, u402. lhe i"r*rt iil, omplifi.rcontrols the D.C. io D.C.. cmvertor, *tl"t *ppii., f,igf.voltoge to fhe photornultiplier. Sce Section 5.b.2.
9f].:d Rl28 providc o long timc consronr which (l):.1:1,-ll:*
th1 sy.stgm.osoi.nst osciilorion, (2) hotds in. fislvotfoge constont during thc signol ond zcro pcriods.
Overoll system bchovior is discusscd os the gecond computotioin Section 5. I .6 ond in Secrion S.2.3rl -
BLANK5K-10TURN
R428
470K
R427 - to MD+05 - tN44,{6
REF. DEMODN FROM U40t/13
Q4082N4302
R4045.6K
ALIALL
02Llrl4250
6
8' D/.06tN4446
R432IMTRANSISTOR5 2N3538A EXCEPT AS
RESISTORS t/lw to/o EXCEPT ASNOTEDNOTED
R129 - 5620nlVo
R4l72.2K
R4r3 R4092.2K 2.2K
DES ryPE +9 -dulu LM.4250
Blonk Voltoge, Reference Sourceqnd Reference Demodulotor
R405 - 5.6K
1*-2
os
uJ
ur
q)z9Oe
N/
)
G)V,B\*u
a)
(e',5E
!o
z
e0oxUx6
I
={e
o&
8iI
i
fNI9v
N€v
OO=otquz
5I* $5*
3x* 3E*
v_8fr1Za<fn- !Z;Ud E-,e
866
sXE
",:
7oo\o5;jo;
g-9
*5 NooF.?
azN
9
zt
N
x
o*xt s*fE-!--.-/S\=,/ \9
\€t-\3
Figure 15. Signol Demodulotor qnd lvleter Circuits
3:rnR*Je-
.6 ,a\ /Ni --^(: ) (J I_-^.9:t-V \-./ ':9
J
zf Iez odA ItU *!zta{.
dF
' 'T 1' - deqra5qffirwra''lts;c I
s
3
a
i.9.3 Rcforcncc Source' See Figure l4'
As discusscd in Section 5'l '4' the reference,,light beom is
oi*Lit.fy ottenuoted bv the Attenuotor Wheel' 6
scnsitivity is increosed ttorn mU SENS to X3l '6'
The scnsitivity of the instrument in these ronges.is primorily
;;;; th" opii*l ott"nuotors in the Attenuctor-Whel' lt is
prcciscly t i'n'"a uv-ti'i-'''-"gi'tl*l'* *j5., # ond R40l 'Thc proper trimmer or rhe Mii'l SENS resistor' R4O4' is
selected bv the tromisrcl'dJo+, o+m' Q402,ond Q40l 'Thase tronsistors o* in t"- *nt-lled by the drive circuit
ioith" nongu Lights, discussed in Section 5'I l ' lu'
5.9.4 Sigml Demodulqlion ond Orre Second Time Constont' See Figure
15.
During the intervol when fluorcscent Itnhljtl! on the photo-
multiplicr, ttre signoi demodulotor is turned on" This circuii
"i*ii" "r oloz,
-n'€t , ond Q&9' tt :P:t:tT in the some
foshion os the zero a-ttJut*"t' decribed in Seciion 5'7'2'
R4'13 ond ClO{ (t ) smooth the oipui from- ihe prmmplifier with
oor|esecondtimeconstont(2)storethef|uorescenceoutput;fftf; ;;;ltrie; lu; ns' ti* rerelence'{ ::' periods'
Note thot tt'" tn""ii"l-toi"'e of R44i| is.not 8'2K but more thon
thro€ iimes thit t'"I;;ti;;" the sigrcl demodulotor is turned on
f"iy SO% * the time' D408 protects C404 from negotive
tronsients.
5.9.5 Tero Demodulotion
During the time when zero light reoches the,PhotomultiPlier tube'
the zcro a"toa"f"ilt i' tu'rj on' The zero demodulotor circuit
is functionolly po* of it* preomplifier circuit ond is discussed
in Section 5'2'3'2'
5.IO METER AMPTIFIER CIRCUITS
5.10.1 Ports Locotion
5.10.2 Blonk Voltoge Genero-tion
!.tO.S StonL lreerlion funPlifier
5.10.4 Xl - Xl00Trimmer5.10.5 SPon Control AmPlifier
5.10.1 Ports Locotion
All cmporcnts except the SPAN control' the-BLANK control'
the Ponel Meter, ord the switch csocioted with the
Xl - Xl0O "ont'oio" locoted on the- Ronge prinfed circuit
boord. See Section 4'3'l or 4'3'2 for occess' For occess to
the Xl - Xl00 switch' see Seclion l '5'
For detoiled locotion of the ports locoted on the Ronge printed
circuit boond (4XX series)' see rrgure lu'
5.10.2 Blonk Volioge Generotion' See Figure 14'
The blonk voltoge required is proportionol to the sensitivity
selected '
A voltoge proportionol to the ronge selected is generoted
ocross lhe gUftif tt^trof by thelroroistors'Q407' Q406 ond
Q405' These t'o*lsto* o" in tutt controlled by the drive
;;;; c* $" nttgt'ii'ghl' discussed in Section 5'll '10'
When theX3l '6 ronge is selected' the voltoge opplied to
R409 is obout 0'6 volts' Q405 is soluroted ond opplies 5 volts
ocross fhe BLANK control'
WhentheXl0rongeisse|ected,thevo|togeoPP|iedtoR409^is +5 volts. s+i;L tutua off ' The voltoge opplied to R4l3
isobout0.6*lo-.oaooissoturotedondopp|ies5vo|isocrosthe network **iir* tinaz! ' R422' ond the BLANK control '
The voltoge qcr* the BLANK conirol will now be
5/3,16=l.58volts.
Similorly, the voltoge qcrqs ihe^BLAN.K control when the
X3'16 ronge i''*f"""*J*iff be 0'5 volts ond when MIN SENS
is selected, will be '16 volts'
The entire output from the slider of the BLANK control goes to
the Blonk lmertion Amplifier viq R434 qnd R436' when the
Xl - XIOO control is in the Xl00 position' When the Xl
*rition i, selected' the sitch on the Xl - Xl00 contrcl'gronds
R'|i}5, ottenuofing this voltoge by opproximotaly o foctor
of 100.
5.10.3 Blonk lroertion AmPlifier
Using the circuit volues from Figure l5' rhe-ootput of u406
i-'L ".f ",f*cd by thc normol opcrotionol omplificr
6uolions'
When thc Xl - XIOO control is in thc Xl00 poeitim'
EA =1.'t3Ef - '€Eg
When the Xt - Xl00 control is in the XI position'
Eo=1,17E, - '@Eg
R440 is used to set the offset of U406 to zero' The procedurc
i.t'JirJltn R440 is dscribed in Section 4'4'3'
5.10.4 Xl - Xl00 Trimmer
When the rongc of the instrument is chongcd frorn thc XI to
thc Xl00 satting, the sensitivity is primorily chongcd by'the
introduction tf tt tptiti! ottcnuotor into thc rcfcrcncc light
beom. See Scction 5'l '4'
It is precisely trimmed by R446' the procedure for odiuctittg
R4'16 is described in Section 4'4'3'
Refenins ogoin to Fisure l5' *!91I" I]^: Xlm control is
ot Xl, the .ret*otk t"onsi'ting "f -R1591 lf 3:. ond R{57 opplics
.'r*g"ti* voltoge to the goL of-the^field e{fect trorsistor'
Q4I0.UndertnJ""onaiiio*,Q4l0oclslikeonopencircuit,
"J if," *'ptrt ot'ii+oe so"t diiectly on io the Spon Control
AmPlifier, vio R446'
WhentheXl -XIOOcontrol isotXl00' the-goteof QtllO is
grounded, t"d lt;;t;'ii it wt'e o low resistoncc' Now' the
output of U+oo i'litiJa by the retwo*coro'rstins of the
trimmerR446,oJnletbeforegoingontotheSponContro|Amolifier'
In proctice, the opticol qttenuotor':d-T tl: Xl - Xl00
control tronsmiis Jlittlt l*' thon lolo of the light incidcnt on"
it, so thot L" opiiltf'tt"tiiitity goin isjn cxces of 100' fhir
is becouse n++O lon oniy ottenuote goin in the XI00 setting'
not odd to it'
5.10.5 Spontontrol Amplifier' See Figure I5'
U407 occepts the outPut frm the XI'- X|OO trimmer R4'16 ond
omplifies 'r'i' ""i if '5L""n1" 'in*r
bI g-f::tot which mov bc
set bv the sPAl'i';;;;;;i;; b't*J'n I '2 (ccw) ond 5 (cw)'
The output impedonce is low' due to invene feedbock oction'
This qllows t"';;;i;;;;";ion to the vcrious output circuits
*ith no int"rottio-n'-iht outp't ronge is 0 to +5 volts'
Three outPuts ore Provided:
I ' A Ponel meter indicotion'2' A ti;:d;;iii'*gt' Protective resistor R{58'
3' o'it" i" t# Ronge Comporotos' U405'
5.II RANGE CHANGER CIRCUITS
5.II'1 Pqrts Locotion5.1 I '2 Rqnse il;;;;t Step Motor Drive' Unconditionol
SteP Commond
5.1 I .3 AUTO Ronge Selector Step Motor Drive
5.1.|.4 Unconditio'-rul Step Commond' Ronge Step Motor
in on Intermediote Position
5.lr .5 uncoi;;;i ;; ';;'ona'
n'rNcr sTEP switch
5.11.6 Unconditionol Step Commond' Remote
5.11.7 AUTO SteP Commond
5..I I .8 Over ond Under Ronge Logic
5. 1 1 .9 E"utnol Over-Ronge Signol
5.1 I .10 Ronge Light' Blonk Voltoge ond Reference Voltoge
Logic
5'll'l I TelemetrY Logic
-tA-
\
#ffiffinrry:ryf;ry-s4ry *','::'a':,t"",at
6
f
t
5.ll.l Ports Locotion.
Atl 2XX comPorents ore on ?he Position PC boord' See Figure 19
for ports locotion. See Section 4'3'3 for occess'
All ,tXX componenh ore on the Ronge PC board'- S€€ Figurc 20
for ports focotion. See Section 1.3.1 or 1'3'2 for occess'
5.1 1.2 Ronge Selector SteP Motor Drive, Unconditionol Step
Commond. (See Figure l6).
One type of input to this circuit is on unconditioml step commond
This clnsists of o logic zero ot ony one of the in puts io the quod
input NAND gate, U2O7, with output ot pin 8'
A logic zero ot ony irput to U207 forces o.logic one ot its' outPut'
pi" S-, ; f*"* i logi" otle ot the reset lirle ' pin 4 of the inte-
groted circuit timcr, U20l '
A logic orc ot pin'r{ of U20l ollows its' output ot pin 3 to go to o
logiJone, ond ungrounds pin 7, ollowing C^202 to chorge up vio
iil+ "na
nZos. When th. voltoge ocros C202 rmchs o
rhreshold set i ntermlly in U20l ' its outPut dropc to o logic zero'
ond pin 7 is clsmPed to ground'
C2t2 now dischorges vio M05 until o second' lower threshold is
io"hoa. Ih" cy"le then storts ogoin, if pin 4 is still high'
R2O/t, R2O5 otdC202 qre so chos€n thot os long os the input ot
fin 4r"toi* ot o logic one, the output.of U2Ol vill be ot o
iogi" on for qbout l-00 milliseconds ond ot o logic zero for
obout 90 millisoconds.
The output of U20l diives Q202, vio M08, which in turncouses the SteP lvlotor to steP.
The ortput of U20l olso drives Q201, forcing o logic zero otpin 13 of tJ207, os long os the ouhut of U20l is ot o logic orc.This is recessory to errsure o full initiol cycle to the Stcp Motor,since o very brief closure of the STEP switch or r€motc stcP
switch (described loter) would couse the initiol logic one fronr
U20l to be only the length of the inifiol STEP switch closure'
5.1 1.3 AUTO Ronge Selector Step Motor &ive (See Fi$'rc 16)'
The second type of input to this circuit is o commond which
colls for the Step Motor to odvonce from orre octive position
to the next octive position, then woit four seconds'
When the Ronge Step A'lotor is in on octivc (not intermediotc)
Position, o l{ic one is present ot U206 pins'{ 9nd 5' Whcn thc
irstrument does not coll for o ronge chonge ond is in the AUTO
mode, the inpot from the AUTO switch will be o logic zero'
Under these conditions, ihe outPut of U203 ot pin I will bc o
logic one. This forces the dischorge lirc, pin I of U2Ot[ low
onl itr' ortput of pin 5 low. This, in tum, cquses the bq'€ of
Q2G to be lw, forcing o logic orc ot pin 2 of U206' Since
the input ol pin I is o logic zero, the output ct pin 3 is o logicore - ond nothing hoPPens.
When the AUTO tine goes to o logic one (colling for the Rong€
Step Motor to odvonce), the output of U206 ot pin 3 grocs to o
logi. tero. This is on unconditionol step commond, os des-
.rib.d obot", cosing the Ronge Step lvlotor to odvonce'
g +t c20933sf E
A LOGIC ZERO MEANSINTERMEDIATE POSITION.FROM U2O7/6
DE5. IYPE GNt +5u20l M555 Iuxxl 710o 1uzx 1M556 7 l4u206 716 7 t4
(aY
R2r1 <2.rK
?
c20533p F
STEP
MOIORP20a - 470J1
gQ202MJESOI
REsISTORSt/4w - 10%
Figure 16. Ronge Seleclc Step Motor Drive
-29 -
P2t0 - 22K
R206 | n rpzoe
u2041M556
c2o6.Ulpr
.01 p F Q20
u2077420 R205
I 20K
At the some time, the output of U2O4 ot pin S-go^slo o logic
o*, ond C2O4 storts chorging up vio M06' Q2O3 is forced into
;;;i.^ severol milliseconds lqter vio the deloy circuit con-
.ftii* "inznc ond C2l l ' When Q203 storts conducting' pin 2
of U206 is forced io o logic zero.
U206, ol pin 3 thus returrE to o logic one' ond stoys ihere
."g"if"o'or the condition of the AUTO step commond' until
CiO4 chorge, up to fhe threshold volue' R206 ond C204 ore so
chosen thq-t this intervot is four seconds' During this four secord
i;;;i, *h. AUTO line connot offect the output of U206 -tl'ir*i.t J"..ce of fhe Ronge Step lvlotor in rcsPose to the
Auto line is blocked.
However, the first step of the Ronge Sfep lvloto-r forces it into on
intermediote posltion Lnd, os desciibed in s11i.9n 5'll '4' on
un.onaiUonoi step coimond is generoted until the Ronge Step
Motor r€furrc to its' next octive position'
Thisintermediqtepositionsignol'invertedb.yU2O6'withoutputot pin 6 ersures thot the timer will be reset between eoch
iJ"".., "*^ rf the AUTO commond remoim continuously ot
o logic one.
5.11..{ Unconditionol Step Commond, Ronge Step Motor in on
lntermedioie Position. (See Figrure l7)'
Ihe Ronge SteP fvlotor moy be stepped fo ony on€ of twelve
positiorJ. Eijht ore intermediote' The other four ore MIN
SENS, X3.16, Xl0 ond X3l '6'
The Holl fffect fvlognetic Field Sensors PUt qrt o logic zero
when neqr o mognet, ond o logic one when there is no mogret
Dresent.
A single mogn€t rototes with the Ronge Step Molor' The mognet
ii "ilJ*a
srich thot when the Step Motor stops "on ronge"' the
.ogr,it i, neor the Holl Effect semor ossociqted with thot ronge'
Thot Holl Effecl sereor then puts out o logic zero'
When the Step Motor is not stopped on ony of fhe for "on
,oig." p"titl"*, the mognet is not neor ony of the Holl Effect
serios.' Atl four Holl Effect sercoa then put out logic one'
fhs5e four Holl fffect oufPuts ore combined in the quod input
NAND gote' yielding o logic zero outPut ot Pih 6'
A logic zero will be present ot oll intermediote Positions -whici, opplied to inputs 9 ond l0 of U2O7, is on unconditionol
steP commond. (See Figure l6)'
5.11.5 Unconditiorcl Siep Commond, RANGE STEP Switch'(See Figure l6).
The STEP switch, when depressed, grounds input l3 of U207'
This is on unconditionql step commond '
5.11.6 Unconditionol Step Commqnd, Remoie' (See Figure l7)'
lf the front ponel telemetry connector pin N is-roised to o high
"norgh poriiit" voltoge to couse Zener diode D4l 2 to conduct'
Q4ll conducts.
This condifion forces o logic zero ot V2O7 , pin I 3 ' This is on
unconditionol step commond' (See Figure l6)'
5.1 1.7 AUTO Step Commond. (See Figures l6 ond I7)'
Refering to Figure 16, o logic one qt wire pod 213' when the
AUTO-N'IAN switch is in the AUTO position is on AUTO Step
Commond. Se Section 5.1 1.2 for detoils.
Referring to Figure 17, on AUTO Step commond will result ifeither input l2 or I3 of U203 is ot o logic zerc'
This cqn occur when inputs 4 qnd 5 ore both ot o logic one'
Input 4 will be ot o logic one, if ihe instrumenl reods less thon
2d"/o of tvll scole. See Section 5.11.8' Since the HollSensor U2lO is ot o logic one in oll positions except the X3l '6position, this meqns thot if the irotrument reods less thon 20%
of full scole ond ii is on ony rqnge except the most sereitiveone, the Ronge Selector will step to o more sensitive ronge'
This cqn olso occur when inputs I qnd 2 ore both ot o logic
one. Input I will be ot o logic one, if ihe istrument reods
off scole. See Section 5.1 I .8. Input 2 will be ot o logicI on ony range excePt the lect semifive Position. This meora
thot the Ronge Selector will step to o morc sersitiw ronge whcn
it is off scole, ond then return to the leost sensitive ronge,
except when it is off scole on the leosi sensitive rcnge'
lf, on returning fo fhe lect sensitive ronge, the reoding is less
thon twenty percent of full scole, it will ogoin chonge rongos
c described obovE. For on overview of this oction, see Section
5 ,2.1.5 of this monuol '
5.1 1.8 Over ond Under Ronge Logic' (See Figt're I5)'
The bosic output of fhe instrument is the otput of u407, ot
oin 5.
This volfoge ronges from zero to *5 volts, os the porel meter
psqls from zero to full scole.
R€9 qnd R437 form o voltoge divider which opplies one volfto the + inPut ot pin 5 of the open-collector quod comporotor
u405.
lf rhe wtput from U407 pin 6 is grloter thon 2O96 of full scole
(greoter tiron one volt) the output ot pin.2will be o logic zero'
lTit i, l.r. thon 20"6 of full scole, it will b€ o logic ore' This
is the under-ronge logic signol '
One volt derived from R439 ond R4il7 is olso oPPlied to the
- inPut ot pin 6. lt is compored *!th 91e fifth of the oufput
ot U407 pin 6, formed by Rtt42 ond R438'
lf 2Oo/o of the output of U407 is greoter thon one voli' fhen the
dtPut ot U405 pin I will be o logic one' lf. les' the oufput
wili be o logic zero. Thus, if the output voltoge ot pin 6 of
U407 is obove five volk, o logic one will oppeor ct U405
pin l. This is the over-ronge logic signol'
D4l3 proiects fhe input circuitry of U405 oi pis 4 ond 7 from
negotive outputs which con be present ot the output of U1Q7 '
5.1 1.9 Externol Over-Ronge Signol ' (See Figure l5)'
An independont outPut ot the front porel telemetry connectc'
indicoting on off-cole reoding is required'
One volt from the voltoge divider consisting of R439 ond R€7
is opplied to fhe - inPuf ot pin l0 of U405' lf the over-ronge
siqnol described in Section 5' I I ' 8 is ct o logic one' the
t"-ii.n. "itf'. + inPut ot pin I I will couse o logic one ot pin 13
of U405 - qnd of the telemetry connector' pin K'
5.ll.l0 Ronge Light, Blonk Voltoge ond Reference Voltoge Logic'(See Figure l7)'
The Holl Effect Attenuotor Wheel Sensos PUt out o logic zero
only when the Attenuotor Wheel is in the position morked beside
them in the schemotic'
This logic zero drives the oppropriote section of U403' o hex
open cillecto, buffer ond couses current to flow ihrangh the
front - ponel ronge light' Current is limited by rhe 82 ohm
resistor '
This logic zero olso drives fhe Reference Voltoge ond Blonk -
Voltoge circuiJai*ltly' See Sections 5'9'3 ond 5'10'2 of
this monuol .
5.l l.l l Telemeiry Logic. (See Figure 17)'
The Holl Effect Attenuotor Wheel Sensos olso drive U104' o
hex open collector inverting buffer'
This couses o TTL compotoble telemetry outPut to kre ovoiloble
ot the froni ponel telemetry connector' A logic one indicotes
which ronge is in use'
The collector resistos hove different volues. ond connect
vio goting diodes to rhe onolog telemetry output ot Pin.N' . By
using o suitoble externol.lmd resistor, on onolog signql whrcn
vories wiih ronge selected con be generoted ot pin N' See
Section 2'4'
G
{
s_F'-
S:{
3*"l6N
lu)Yi)r(E
z2:H(^)
)-/8-T
3 ;-r. tu I9Y)
(
P;3z,+s9oa);<
€
z_
I6.o
6pg=^gn<6aFq? "_:=g<E-tESF3;3i=s7,p -
HEB
€?auo-5 "- in<"2-33lF.
2'9<F
=6^-o
l6*8 E-B-4o<=eoN/o ol*iR -
/c'\\vII
Figure 17. Ronge Position Sensors
-31 -
FP i;ule
5Z
I
h
d
qN
I
*
N@'I
e
;llji:i;!i.ilriri:riii;il;I1.1ir"-':'., ;-'-r&aiiloErfllirsE,
*_---.I
i
I
I&EG:
€
NOTE: All Components ore I XX Series.
Figure I8. Preomplifier PCB Ports Locotion
-32- f
Wo6
(,^ @,pot?r-T a8
a 6666t fprtrl
i EEEEE@ E
"nilEl @
LJLJLJ++
g
IL-
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 ll l2 13 l/t
coD^ofoooooooco/+\ nrll lluar^ | lcl*. 1) U UU
il"'
uro TlU
[ *''
Figure 19. Position PCB Ports Lootion
-33-
15 l5A
CO
Rr3 il
Ot'O,tC,.Ctt
NOTE: All Componcnts orc 2 XX Sarics'
nrlL-l L-lTP2a
T\-/-llu' I l" IllllI i C"lJL_JU I
,tl-l ot
H
20 llueqlLI
flnteLJ
.Aril
_---l
6
|--;trlR24 |
l-Rt6-lTP6 A
I uzll)TRN_I
lR3llf-n oz
/--\ TP2
(op)A
aTPlma_lrl D8
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