Flexible Manufacturing Systems1

7/31/2019 Flexible Manufacturing Systems1.

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Flexible Manufacturing Systems(FMS)


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Group members

NAME REGISTRATION NO

ARFA UW-08-ME-BE-27

MIR KINAN UW-08-ME-BE-28

NASEER KHAN UW-08-ME-BE-29

USMAN AMIN UW-08-ME-BE-30


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Contents

Introduction

History of FMS

Flexible automation

Categories of flexibility

Approaches of FMS

FMS working

FMC

Advantages of FMS

Disadvantages of FMS Examples


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Definition

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is amanufacturing system in which there is some amountof flexibility that allows the system to react in the caseof changes, whether predicted or unpredicted.

orA Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is aproduction system consisting of a set of identical andcomplementary numerically controlled machine which

are connected through an automated transportationsystem. each process in FMS is controlled by adedicated computer (FMS cell computer).


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Illustration of a FMS


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History of FMS

At the turn of the century FMS did not exist. Therewas not a big enough need for efficiency because themarkets were national and there was no foreigncompetition.After the Second World War a new era inmanufacturing was to come. The discovery of newmaterials and production techniques increased qualityand productivity. The wars end open foreign markets

and new competition. Now the market focused onconsumer and not the manufacturer.stay in business.


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The first FMS was patent in 1965 by Theo Williamsonwho made numerically controlled equipment.Examplesof numerically controlled equipment are like a CNClathes or mills which is called varying types of FMS. In

the 70 s manufacturers could not stay to date with the?ever-growing technological knowledge manufacturerscompetitors have, so FMS became mainstream inmanufacturing.In the 80 s for the first time manufacturers had to take?in consideration efficiency, quality, and flexibility to stayin business.

History of FMS


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Flexible Automation

vAbility to adapt to engineering changes in parts

vIncrease in number of similar parts produced on thesystemvAbility to accommodate routing changes

vAbility to rapidly change production set up


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Two categories of flexibility

v Machine flexibility, covers the system'sability to be changed to produce newproduct types, and ability to change theorder of operations executed on a part.

v Routing flexibility, which consists of theability to use multiple machines to performthe same operation on a part, as well as the

system's ability to absorb large-scalechanges, such as in volume, capacity, orcapability.


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FMS different approaches

vThe capability of producing different parts withoutmajor retooling

v A measure of how fast the company converts itsprocess from making an old line of products to producea new product

v The ability to change a production schedule, to modifya part, or to handle multiple parts


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FMS Working

By implementing the components of robotics,manufacturing technology and computer integrated

manufacturing in a correct order one can achieve asuccessful Flexible Manufacturing System.


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FMS Components

vNumerical Control (NC) machine toolsvAutomated material handling system

Automated guided vehicles (AGV)

ConveyorsAutomated storage and retrieval systems

vIndustrial RobotsvControl Software

(AMHS)


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Parts Finished

goods

Load Unload

Computercontrolroom

INSPECTION

PAINT ROBOT

MACHINE

MACHINE

INSPECTION

FINISHING

Conveyor

INSPECTION

Tool

s

ASSUMBLY

INSPECTION


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FMS AND FMC

Early FMSs were large and very complex, consisting ofdozens of CNCs and sophisticated material handlingsystems. They were very automated, very expensive andcontrolled by incredibly complex software. There were

only a limited number of industries that could affordinvesting in a traditional FMS. The trend in FMS istoward small versions of the traditional FMS, calledflexible manufacturing cells (FMC).Today two or more CNC machines are considered aflexible cell and two more cells are considered a flexible

manufacturing system. Thus, a Flexible ManufacturingSystem (FMS) consists of several machine tools alongwith part and tool handling devices such as robots,arranged so that it can handle any family of parts forwhich it has been designed and developed.


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Advantages of FMS

vFaster, lower- cost changes from one part to anotherwhich will improve capital utilizationvLower direct labor cost, due to the reduction in numberof workersvReduced inventory, due to the planning andprogramming precisionvConsistent and better quality, due to the automatedcontrolvLower cost/unit of output, due to the greater

productivity using the same number of workersvSavings from the indirect labor, from reduced errors,rework, repairs and rejects


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Disadvantages of FMS

vLimited ability to adapt to changes in product or productmix (e.g., machines are of limited capacity and thetooling necessary for products, even of the same family,is not always feasible in a given FMS)vSubstantial pre-planning activityvExpensive, costing millions of dollarsvTechnological problems of exact component positioningand precise timing necessary to process a componentvSophisticated manufacturing systems


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FMS Example

When different models are designed to be assembled inthe same sequence they can be built in the same plant.This maximizes efficiency and allows the company torespond quickly to changing customer


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FMS Examples

In the body shop, wherethe sheet metal comestogether to form thevehicles body, flexibilitymeans more than 80percent of the tooling isnot specific to onemodel. It can bereprogrammed to weld acar or a truck or acrossover of similar

size.

Body Shop

In the paint shop,flexibility means roboticapplicators areprogrammed to cover

various body styles asthey move through thepaint booth with equalprecision. This results inminimizing waste andenvironmental impactwhile maximizing quality.

Paint Shop

In the final assemblyarea, flexibility meansthe build sequence isthe same among

multiple models onone or more platformsallowing for efficientutilization of peopleand equipment.

Final Assembly


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THANKS

Documents

Flexible Manufacturing Systems1