FLAR project

S.L. Yakovenko

JINR, Dubna,Russia

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Contents

1.FlAIR project

2.AD facility at CERN

3.Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR

4.LEPTA facility

5.Experimental program

1.FlAIR project

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1.FLAIR project (Contnd)

FLAIR - Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research

4

L

5

1.FLAIR project (Contnd)

LSR- CRYRING

6

2.AD facility at CERN

Antiproton Decelerator (AD) typically supplies experiments with 25-30 million antiprotons with an energy of about 5 MeV in shots lasting approximately 200 ns every 100 s

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The Antiproton Catching Trap    

2.AD facility at CERN

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The positron accumulator

(ATHENA – ALFA experiment )

2.AD facility at CERN

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The ATHENA Mixing Trap

2.AD facility at CERN

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The ATHENA Detector         

2.AD facility at CERN

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The ALPHA apparatus

2.AD facility at CERN

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3. Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR

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o-Ps

PCSR

3. Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR (Contnd)

General Parameters of the PCSR

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Circumference m 10 – 11 Length of the section for recombination and electron cooling of antiprotons

m 1.0

Total length HTotal m 3.0 Length of the section for electron cooling of positrons

m 2.0

Positron energy keV 2 – 2.7 Revolution period nsec ~ 500-600 Longitudinal magnetic field G 50 Major radius of the toroidal solenoids (Rbend)

m 1

Positron beam radius cm 0.5 Number of circulating positrons - 1108 Recombination section length m 1 Positron energy in the recombination section

eV 50

Positron density in the recombination section

cm-3 6105

Recombination rate per 1 antiproton

s-1 110-7

Residual gas pressure Тоrr 110-11 Positron beam life time sec 100

Electron cooling system Length of cooling section m 1 Beam current A 0.1 Beam radius cm 1 Electron temperature meV 0.1

3. Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR (Contnd)

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septum

kicker

cooling section

Ps detector

positron

trap

4. LEPTA Facility

22Na10E6

e+ per sec

10 6100sec=10 8 e +

10E4 Ps per sec

e-gun

collector

Helical quadrupoleO-Ps

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Project Parameters of The LEPTACircumference , m 17.2

Positron energy, keV 2 10.0

Revolution time, ns 300

Longitudinal magnetic field, G 400

Average radius of the toroidal magnets, m 1.45

Helical quadrupole gradient, G/cm 10.0

Positron beam radius, cm 0.5

Number of positrons in the ring 1108

Residual gas pressure, Тоrr 110

Positronium beam parameters

Intensity, atom/s 110

Angular spread, mrad 1

Velocity spread 1104

Beam diameter at the exit of the ring, cm 1.1

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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First beam circulation

Signals from vertical PU electrodes

10 September, 2004

Helical quadrupole off

0.5 μs/div

Helical quadrupole on

1.0 μs/div

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Tracing the ring with pencil beam (September - October 2007)

Electron gun

October 5, 2007

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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1-positron source 22Na, 2-radioactive protection shield, 3-vacuum valve, 4-vacuum chamber for pumping out and diagnostic tools, 5-positron trap, 6 – vacuum isolator, 7 – positron vacuum channel, 8 – vacuum “shutter” (fast valve), 9 - ion pump, 10-turbopump, 11 –LHe vessel

The Positron Injector

4547 1 2

9 9 10

38

11

6LEPTA entrance

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Design parameters of the positron injector

Length, m 6,2

Positron injection energy, keV 10.0

Longitudinal magnetic field, G 400

Longitudinal magnetic field in the trap, G 1500

Residual gas pressure, Tor 1109

Beam radius, cm 0.5

Accumulation time, s 100

Injection pulse duration, ns 300

Number of positrons in injection pulse 1108

Positron momentum spread 110-4

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

The Cryogenic Moderator of Positrons

22Na

Ne

e+

Ne

T ~ 5 K

0.8 MBqe+

e+

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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The Cryogenic Positron Source

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Slow Positron Flux Formation

06.12.05 – First slow positron has been registered.April 2006 - moderator parameters optimization

The positron spectrum at the e+ flux of 5.3*103 positrons per sec of the average energy of 1.2 eV at the width of 1 eV was obtained. The moderator efficiency is 1 %.

Зависимость выхода позитронов от толщины замедлителя

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150

d, мкм

N/c

ек

Slow Positron Yield vs Frozen Neon Thickness

0 30 60 90 120 150

d, mcm

2000

1600

1200

800

400

0

Ncounts/sec

Slow positron spectrum dependence on frozen neon thickness

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00

E, eV

dN

/dE

130мкм

90мкм

50мкм

30мкм

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Epos, eV

Slow Positron Spectrum vs Frozen Neon Thickness

16000

12000

8000

4000

0

dN/dE

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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I II III IV V VIIVI

10-3

Pressure, Torr

N2 N2 е+

10-4 10-6

“Surko Trap”

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 eU

z

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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e-

0

-30

-60

I IIIII IV V VI VII VIII

-100 0

-29.3 -36.1-40.2-46.7

50.3 eV Electron storage studies

-50.3 V

-52.7 V

-90

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Rotating Electric Field Method

1800

00 900

2700

Phase filter

B

-U(x)

(а)

(b)

(c)

Generator

One electrode is placed under combined

alternative + permanent potentials (Fig.a, b, c).

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Rotating Electric Field Method (Contnd)

Зависимость числа накопленных электронов от времени накопления

0,00E+00

1,00E+07

2,00E+07

3,00E+07

4,00E+07

5,00E+07

6,00E+07

7,00E+07

8,00E+07

9,00E+07

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

t, сек

N

1 2 3

Stored electron number vs time

Aligniment of the axie of longitudinal magnetic and electric fields has been madeSame + rotating field is ON and optimized

Pressure distribution and potential are optimized

Optimal frotating = 650 kHz,

Amplitude = 1 V,

ε = 0.4, life = 25 s

April , 2007

life = 80 s, (Ne)max = 2108

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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Experiments with Positrons and Positronium in flight at LEPTA

1.“Atomic” physics: e+e- recombination with positronium formation2. QED test in measurement of para-Positronium (p-Ps) life time 3. Test of CPT theorem, CP and P conservation:

3.1. Rare and forbidden decay channels of o-Ps3.2. Rare and forbidden decay channels of p-Ps3.3. Search for circularly polarized photons in p-Ps => 3.4. Measurement of the electron and positron charge difference upper limit

4. QED test in Ps spectroscopy4.1. Hyperfine structure of Ps ground state4.2. Spectroscopy of excited states, Lamb shift

5. Search for the Axion6. o-Ps life time and the hypothesis of “The Mirror Universe"7. Antihydrogen generation in-flight8. o-Ps in solid state physics9. Condensed matter physics research at the LEPTA positron injector10. Particle beam physics and accelerator technology

7. Antihydrogen generation in-flight

5. Search for the Axion 6. o-Ps life time and the hypothesis of “The Mirror Universe"

4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

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The positron spectrum at the e+ flux of 1.5*105 positrons per sec of the average energy of 3 eV was obtained in the first experiments

New positron source activity of 25 mCi for LEPTA facility is under testing

Year 20094. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

• Precision spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms and antihydrogen for tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries (especially CPT)

• Interaction of Antimatter with Matter

• Nuclear and Particle Physics with Antiprotons

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5.Experiment Research Program

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Thank you for your attention!

- The FLAIR facility will drastically improve the conditions for the low energy antiproton research. First of all the beam intensity will be increased by about two orders of magnitude and the lower energy available allows a much more efficient use of the antiprotons compared to the AD operation.

- In-flight generation of antihydrogen might give rise to a number of very interesting experiments with relatively large number of antihydrogen particles. In particular the investigation of matter - antimatter reactions would become directly accessible in an interesting energy regime without the need of prior trapping of the particles.

6. Conclusion