FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics Welcome!

FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

Welcome!

NextGen Programs & ADS-B for GAPresenter: Isaac M. Silver, Ph.D., ATP, Gold Seal CFI/CFII/MEI, AGI

Deputy Executive Director of Aviation Programs

Assistant Professor of Aeronautical Science and Technology

College of Aeronautics

Florida Institute of Technology

[email protected]

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NextGen DefinedNext Generation Air Traffic Control System Programs CATMT-Collaborative Air Traffic Management Tools DataComm-Controller/Pilot Data Link Communication

(CPDLC) NVS-NAS Voice System NWX-NextGen Weather SWIM-System Wide Information Management PBN-Performance Based Navigation ADS-B – A replacement aircraft surveillance system

Performance Based NavigationRequired Navigation Performance (RNP) Based on ability of crew and

plane to fly procedures Authorization Required 3-D procedures Part of the HITS (highway in the

sky) paradigm


Legacy ATC System Implemented between the end of

WWII and 1960 Primary Radar Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Mode 3/A and 3/C ~1957 Mode S ~1980-1993 System wide upgrades approved

~1992 continuing

-- Same system for ~55 years! --


ADS-BAutomatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast

Automatic-Does not require pilot intervention

Dependent-Depends upon on board navigation systems

Surveillance-Replaces 55+ year old surveillance tech

Broadcast-Transmits data regularly without interrogation

ADS-B OUT: The FAA’s “stick.” Mandated. Supplements SSR.

ADS-B IN: The FAA’s “carrot.” Services to assist GA pilots.



ADS-B Coverage ~800 ground stations planned

Surface level service available at major airports and some smaller such as X26

Interactive Coverage Map


https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/programs/adsb/ICM/

FAA Mandate (Stick)91.225 After January 1, 2020 no person my operate an aircraft in the following airspace unless equipped for ADS-B OUT: Class A, B or C airspace Above 10,000 MSL excluding airspace below 2,500 AGL Within 30 nm of an airport listed in appendix D of part 91 Above and within the lateral limits of B and C airspace Class E airspace at and above 3,000 MSL in the Gulf of

Mexico from the coastline out to 12nm

If your aircraft is equipped for ADS-B OUT, the equipment must be in transmit mode at all times.

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FAA Mandate: The OptionsFor aircraft operating above 18,000 MSL 1090 MHz Mode S/ES Transponder paired with a qualifying

WAAS GPS position source and encoder.

For aircraft operating only below 18,000 MSL 978 UAT or 1090 MHz Mode S/ES Transponder paired with

a qualifying WAAS GPS position source

For all aircraft Applicable STC Paperwork with supporting data For international flights,1090 MHz hardware may be needed


Impact: what we stand to loseIn the state of FL, non-equipped aircraft will lose access to: 43 Public Access Airports 18 Private Airports Easy access to 16 reliever airports in the vicinity of airspace Loss of access to a substantial amount of airspace

Also, expect decreased radar based services as systems transition to ADS-B surveillance.

International Implications.

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Before/After Below 10,000 MSL


ADS-B IN (Carrot)FIS-B – Flight Information System Broadcast Transmitted only over the 978 MHz link Provides weather and flight data products Open broadcast to all 978 Receivers

TIS-B – Traffic Information System Broadcast Transmitted on BOTH 978 MHz and 1090 MHz link Selective broadcast to participating aircraft Direct air-air and ground-air rebroadcast

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FIS-B Products

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Available to any receiver (No-TSO!)Installed Solutions (Receivers w/o GPS)• Garmin GDL-84/GDL-88• Bendix/King KGX-150• Avidyne MLB-100• Freeflight FDL-978-RXNote: All require a display solution

Portable Solutions (Receivers only)• Stratus 1S or 2S with iPad/Foreflight• Garmin GDL39 with tablet/Garmin

Pilot• iLevel with tablet and application




TIS-BTraffic Information System Broadcast Air to air detection between similarly equipped aircraft Ground to air broadcast of ATC data to participating aircraft Ground to air Rebroadcast of “off band” data (ADS-R)

ADS-R complete the traffic picture and makes single band, portable receivers “powerful” traffic tools! However, must be ADS-B out enabled.


TIS-B



ADS-B: how and when?Big considerations: You must still be equipped with a functioning Mode A/C

or Mode S transponder!!! Do you have/want WAAS GPS Navigation Capability?

Solution groups: 978 UAT paired with WAAS GPS and Transponder (in/out) 978 TX paired with WAAS GPS and Transponder (out) 1090 Mode S/ES Transponder paired with WAAS GPS (out) 978 Receiver (portables included) paired with an out solution


The FAA Vision for Light GA978 UAT: ADS-B in/out (if you have a good transponder) Garmin GDL 84/88 Freeflight Systems Ranger series BendixKing KGX series Some other startups

May require additional equipment Display solution or wifi module for tablet External WAAS GPS Sources Control head or interface box to play with transponder Up to three additional antennas


1090 SolutionsIf you have a compatible WAAS GPS Source (or want one) 1090 Mode S/ES Transponder paired to existing GPS

Garmin GTX330ES Bendix/King KT74 Trig TT31

L-3 Lynx (Built in GPS providing out with limited in) Stratus ESG (built in GPS providing out with limited in)

Cheapest route to ADS-B OUT compliance with potential for largest increase in capability IF you need a transponder.

Takes care of UAT/Transponder compatibility issues.


My opinions, take them as you may If you fly IFR, have an old transponder and no WAAS GPS then you

should consider Mode S/ES and installing a Navigator for airport access. If you fly IFR or VFR, have an old transponder and existing WAAS GPS

Navigator then you should consider the Mode S/ES and a cheaper 978 Receiver if desired. If your transponder is good, then 978 UAT may be an option too.

If you fly IFR or VFR, have an existing working transponder but no WAAS source and don’t care about having a WAAS navigator then there are various levels of 978 UAT solutions with built in GPS: out, in/out.

If you have a VFR only plane and you don’t need to fly in ADS-B airspace then you might consider delaying but there may be future penalties.


My Opinion ContinuedThoughts on when to make the change: Short answer is between now and 2018 or wait until post

2020 if you want to go that route. The ADS-B market is not “normal” and hardware pricing

may not respond as expected. Installation cost is a significant part of the bill and labor rates

are going up. Shop capacity is limited (we can handle ~2/mo) Right now boxes are easy and cheap(ish) Consider doing this piecemeal if cost is a factor


Final TipADS-B installations are not yet common and some unexpected conflicts, especially with older hardware, are likely to occur.

There may be ADS-B “Exceptions” due to software issues even if hardware passes all the tests.

The FAA has a system to confirm compliance

https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/programs/adsb/




Documents

FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics Welcome!