First Aid for GS Mains

8/9/2019 First Aid for GS Mains

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UNIT 1 FIRST AID IN EMERGENCI~

Structure

1.0 Objectives

1.1 Introduction

12 Concepts and Principles of First Aid and Emergency

1.2.1 Meaning of First Aid1 2 2 Objectives of First Aid

1.2.3 Principles of First Aid

1.3 Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation

1.3.1 Definition and Indications

1.3.2 Signs and Assessment of CPR

1.3.3 ABC of CPR

1.3.4 Techniques of CPR

1 3 5 CPR for Children

1.4 Selected Emergency Situations

1.4.1 Haernorrhage

1.4.2 Shock

1.4.3 Wounds

1.4.4 Burns and Scalds

1 4 5 Poisons

1.4.6 Choklng

1.4.7 Fractures

1.4.8 Injuries

1.5 Insect Bites and Animal Bites

1.5.1 Bee and WaspStings1 5 2 Scorpion Sting

l S 3 Snake Bite

1.5.4 Dog Bite

1.6 Emergencies Caused by Heat and Cold

6. I Heat Cramps

1.6.2 Heat Stroke (~un'stroke)

1 6 3 Heat Exhaustion

1.6.4 Hypothennia

1.6.5 Frostbite

1.7 Other Emergency Situations

1.7.1 Angina Pectoris and Heart Attack

1.7.2 cardiac i rrest (Cardio-pulmonaryArrest)

1.8 Let Us Sum Up

1.9 Model Answers

1.0 OBJECTIVES

AAer

studying

this unit, you shouldb

able

to:

explain meaning of firstaid and emergencies;

describe the objectives and principles of first aid;

explain the life saving techniquescommonly use during emergencies,and

provide first aid in certainemergencies which arise in community.


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Care of M in o r Ailments. and

Emergencies1.1 INTRODUCTION

In Block 1 you have learnt about concepts and principles ofcommunity and family health.While working with family or in community, you may come across many emergency .

situations. An'emergency is the unforseen medical condition which calls for prompt and

quick action to save the life of a person or to prevent severe damage. If you happen to be

at the site when an emergency arises you may have to deal with it promptly with knowledge,

skill and confidelace. The main aim of providing prompt and proper first aid treatment in any

emergency situation is to save life, provide relief from immediate danger and prevent further

injury or impairment.

In this unit you will learn about providing.first aid in certain common conditions which may

occur accidentally in the family or in community. Let us begin with definition, meaning and

principles of first aid.

1.2 CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID ANDEMERGENCY

As a health worker you should understand what are the principles and objectives of first aid

and what do you mean by first aid? All these are described in the following subsections.

1 2 1

Meaningof First Aid

First aid is an immediate temporary assistance given to a person who is injured or has

suddenly become ill (using facilities or materials available), at the site before regular medical

help is made available.

First aid includes assessing the victim fo; life threatening conditions, performing

appropriate interventions to sustain life and keeping the person in the best possible

physical and mental state until helshe is brought to the emergency or casualty unit in the

hospital to save life and prevent further injury or damage.

1.2.2 Objectives of FirstAid

The objectives of the first aid are to:

preserve life.

prevent further injury and deterioration of the condition.

prevent complications related to injury or illness.

. make the victim as comfortable as possible to conserve strength.

a help the injured person to be able to reach for professional m e d i c 4 aid at the earliest.

1.2.3 Principlesof First Aid

When you come across a seriously injured person you should follow the below mentioned

principles i.e. :

a Make sure that victim's airway is not blocked by the tongue, secretions or some foreign

body.

Make sure that the person is breathing, if not administer artifical respiration- restorerespiration. .

Make sure that patient has a pulse if no pulse is felt, adrninlster cardio pulmonaryresuscitation (CPR). (This is discussed in Section 13 .

Check fot bleeding- take measures to control 8nd stop bleeding.

Act fast if the victim is bleeding severely or he hasswallowed poison or.his heart beator breathing has stopped"Every second is important".

Arrange without delay for shifting the victim to hospital for medical attention. Althoughmost injured persons can safely be moved, it is important not to move a person with

serious neck or back injuries unless you save him from further danger.

Keep the victim/patlent lying down. If he has vomited and there is no danger of his neckbeing broken- ur himon his side to prevent choking. Keep him wzrm with blankets or coats.


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First Aid for GS Mains