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ABSTRACT
The Objective of the Project is to prepare an Analysis and Report Generation
System for the SMS (Steel Melting shop) in VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL
PLANT.
The report consists of 2 possible dimensions, the analysis part and report
generation part. The analysis part is the representation of the data in a
tabular form. The report generation part deals with the pictorial
representation of the data given in the analysis part.
The data can be updated
daily monthly and yearly too. The data updation process is authenticated by
the username and password provided by the admin to the users. The data
report visualization can be observed by any individual who has access to the
official site of the steel plant.
The project is implemented using Three-Tier
Application hence world wide access is entertained and the entire process is
carried out with minimum time. Security checks are maintained to ensure
reliability. Auto generations are indulged to reduce the labour work and
maintain user friendly environment.
INDEX1. INRODUCTION1.1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE
1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW
1.3 NEED OF COMPUTERIZATION
2. TECHNICAL REVIEW2.1 DATABASE_MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2.1.1 DATABASE ARCHITECTURE
2.1.2 NORMAL FORMS
2.2 ORACLE DATABASE
2.2.1 PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL STUCTURING IN DATABASE
2.2.2 ORACLE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
2.3 ACTIVE SERVER PAGES
2.3.1 Versions
2.3.2 SAMPLE USAGE
3. SOFTWARE & HARDWARE SPECIFICATION 3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
4. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS4.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
4.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
4.3.1 Economic feasibility
4.3.2 Technical feasibility
4.3.3 Operational feasibility
5. Software Requirements Specifications5.1 COMPONENTS OF SRS
5.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
6. DESIGN
7. TESTING7.1 TEST CASE SPECIFICATION
7.2 TEST CASE EXECUTION AND ANALYSIS
8. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE VIZAG STEEL also known as
VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL is a STEEL company placed in the outskirts of
Visakhapatnam, India. Its main plant is located 26 kilometers from Visakhapatnam,
Andhra Pradesh; it is among India’s premier steel mills. It has also been conferred the
Mini Ratna status. Its vision – infrastructuring India.
Vizag Steel bagged the first prize in Energy Conservation constituted by
Ministry Of Power, Government of India, consecutively for the last two years primarily
due to its focus on energy conservation, cost reduction and waste utilization. Vizag Steel
Plant today is among the lowest cost steel producers in the world. The Visakhapatnam
Steel Plant has been awarded the Safety Innovation Award -2006 by the Institution of
Engineers for its “outstanding contribution in the field and adoption of the best and the
most innovative safety practices”. The plant was awarded the Prime Minister’s trophy for
the best steel plant in the country, for the year 2002-2003.
VSP added another feather to its cap bagging six Government of India,
Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar (VRP) Awards at national level out of total number of
8awards announced by Ministry Of Labour, Government of India.
FUNCTIONAL HISTORY
The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant was designed way back in late 1960s but by the time its
chief Consultants-MN Dastur & Company’s – repor and revised reports were accepted in
1984 to start construction, it had become the most expensive steel plant ever to be
constructed, designed to produce about #million tonnes (Mt) of processed steel per year.
Its efficiency model was designed after the Pohang Steel Plant in Korea. The
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is the first ever shore-based Steel Plant is the first ever shore –
based steel plant in India and outside the traditional coal belts of Dhanbad – Jamshedpur
areas.
LOCATION
The plant is located on the coast of Bay of Bengal, 16Kms. To the South West of
Visakhapatnam Port. It lies between the Northern boundary of the National
Highway No. 5 and 7 Kms to the South West of Howrah-Madras railway line.
UKKUNAGARAM TOWNSHIP
The beautiful and well planned township for the employees of the plant is called
Ukkunagaram (Ukku in Telugu for steel, nagaram in telugu for town).
The design of the Township itself is state-of-the-art. The designers (Auroville trust-
Pondicherry) followed the Roman Circular design for the layout of homes and roads
to keep the distances equal between any two points within the township. It is a
modern township with underground sewage ,storm water drains and underground
power cabling.
ABOUT THE PLANT
The plant is spread across a sprawling 19,000 acres (77 kms) of which only 5,000
acres (20 Kms) are used so far. The rest is still pristine shrub forest land.
The company also has a blast furnace grade limestone captive mine at Jaggayapeta, a
captive mine for dolomite at Madharam, a manganese ore captive mine at
Cheepurupalli. All the captive mines are located in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It’s
also got a mining lease for river sand in River Champavathi. The Plant has two main
entrances – the first and the original Balacheruvu gate towards the satellite village of
Gajuwaka, and the newer gate that opens to the Township and straight onto the NH5.
VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES OF RINL VISION:
To be a continuously growing world class company we shall
Harness our growth potential and sustain profitable growth.
Deliver high quality and cost competitive products and be the first choice of
customers.
Create an inspiring work environment to unleash the creative energy of people.
Achieve excellence in enterprise management.
Be respected corporate citizen, ensure clean and green environment and develop
vibrant communities around us.
MISSION To attain 16 million ton liquid steel capacity through technological up
gradation, operational efficiency and expansion; to produce steel at international
standards of cost and quality; and to meet the aspirations of the stakeholders.
OBJECTIVES
Expands plant capacity to 6.3 Mt by 2008-09, with the mission to expand further
in subsequent phases as per the corporate plan.
Sustain gross margin to turnover ratio >25%.
Be amongst top five lowest cost liquid steel producers in the world by 2009-10.
Achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction than competitors.
1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW
PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS – SMS is a Processing
system dedicated to serve the users and process the request successfully.
This report is basically used to generate the production reports of daily,
monthly and yearly. Administrator usually manages data in the server by entering the the
reports where as this processes is basically done in the server .where as at the the client
side it will generate the reports and analysis. The whole system is developed under ASP,
MS-ACCESS and SQL-SERVER.
1.3 NEED OF COMPUTERIZATION
There are several reasons for computerization
1. A considerable saving in effort, time and resources involved in manual processing
can be achieved.
2. To improve control over collection of data.
3. To have effective control over the entire operation.
4. To improve the existing operations from the view of quality.
5. To avoid duplication of work.
MERITS OF COMPUTERIZATION:
SPEED: The high speed of computer operations will reduce the time.
FLEXIBILITY: Modifications are possible and are very easy compared to the
manual system. By maintains the data independence, integrity is maintained by
insertion, deletion and update operations.
ACCURACY: The accuracy is maintained and perfect calculations can be
performed.
REPORTING: Reporting different operations of repeating type are easy and
attractive.
SECRECY: By making different authorization checks on the access to recreate
data, secrecy can be maintained.
SECURITY: By providing protection mechanism such as passwords, superuser only, read permissions, the security of the system is maintained
2. TECHNICAL REVIEW
2.1 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A database-management
system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those
data. The collection of data, usually referred to as the database, contains information
relevant to an enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and
retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.
Database systems are
designed to manage large bodies of information. Management of data involves both
defining structures for storage of information and providing mechanisms for the
manipulation of information. In addition, the database system must ensure the safety of
the information stored, despite system rashes or attempts at unauthorized access. If data
are to be shared among several users, the system must avoid possible anomalous results.
2.1.1 DATABASE ARCHITECTURE: The architecture of the database system is
greatly influenced by the underlying computer system on which the database runs.
Database systems can be centralized, or client-server, where one server machine executes
work on behalf of multiple client machines. Database systems can also be designed to
exploit parallel computer architectures. Distributed databases span multiple
geographically separated machines.
Most users of a database system today are not present at the site of the
database system, but connect to it through a network. We can therefore differentiate
between client machines, on which remote database users work, and server machines, on
which the database system runs.
Database applications are usually partitioned into two or three parts. In
three-tier architecture, the client machine acts as merely a front end and does not contain
any direct database calls. Instead, the client end communicates with an application server,
usually through a forms interface. The application server in turn communicates with a
database system to access data.
2.1.2 NORMAL FORMS:
Given a relation schema, we need to decide whether it is a good design or we
need to decompose it into smaller relations. Such a decision must be guided by an
understanding of what problems, if any, arise from the current schema.
To provide such guidance, several normal forms have been proposed. If a relation
schema is in one of these normal forms, we know that certain kinds of problems cannot
arise.
The normal forms based on FDs are first normal form (1NF), second normal (2NF), third
normal form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF). These forms have increasingly restrictive requirements. Every relation is BCNF is also in 3NF, every relation in
3NF is also in 2NF, and every relation in 2NF is in 1NF.
FIRST NORMAL FORM: A relation is in first normal form if every field contains only atomic
values, that is, no lists or sets. This requirement is implicit in our definition of the relational
model.
BOYCE-CODD NORMAL FORM: Let R be a relation schema, F be the set of FDs given to
hold over R, X be a subset of the attributes of R, and A be an attribute of R. R is in Boyce-codd
normal form if, for every FD X -> A in F, one of the following statements is true:
A belongs to X; that is, it is trivial FD, or
X is a super key
THIRD NORMAL FORM: Let B be a relation schema, F be the set of the following is true:
A belongs to X; that is ,it is trivial FD ,or X is a super key, or A is part of some key for R.
2.2 ORACLE DATABASE
The relational database management system (RDBMS) officially called Oracle
Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) has become
a major presence in database computing. Oracle Corporation produces and markets
this software.
Larry Ellison and his friends and former co-workers Bob Miner and Ed Oates started
the consultancy Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed
the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-
name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while previously employed by
AMPEX.
2.2.1 PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL STUCTURING IN DATABASE
An Oracle database system comprises at least one instance of the application, along with
data storage. An instance comprises a set of operating- system processes and memory-
structures that interact with storage. Typical processes include PMON (the process
monitor) and SMON (the system monitor).
Users of Oracle databases refer to the server-
side memory-structure as the SGA (system global area). The SGA typically holds cache
information such as data-buffers, SQL commands and user information. In addition to
storage, the database consists of online redo logs (which hold transactional history).
Processes can in turn archive the online redo logs into archive logs(offline redo logs),
which provide the basis(if necessary) for data recovery and for some forms of data
replication.
Oracle database management keeps track of its computer dates storage with the help of
information stored in the SYSTEM table space. The SYSTEM table space contains the
data dictionary-and often (by default) indexes and clusters.
The Oracle DBMS can store and execute stored procedures and functions within itself.
PL/SQL or the object-oriented language Java can invoke such code objects and/or
provide the programming structures for writing.
2.2.2 ORACLE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
The Oracle Certification Program, a professional certification program, includes the
administration of Oracle Databases as one of its main certification paths. It contains three
levels:
Oracle Certification Associate (OCA) Oracle Certification Professional(OCP) Oracle Certified Master(OCM)
2.3 ACTIVE SERVER PAGES
Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft’s first server-side engine for
dynamically-generated web pages. It was initially marketed as an add-on to Internet
Information Services (IIS) via the windows NT 4.0 Option Pack, but has been included as
a free component of windows Server since the initial release of Windows 2000 Server.
Programming ASP websites is made easier for creating dynamic web pages. In
ASP 2.0 there are six such built-in objects:
Application ASP Error Request Response Server Session
Session, for example, is a cookie-based session object that maintains variables
from page to page. Web pages with the “.asp” or file extension use ASP, although some
Web site disguises their choice of scripting language for security purposes. The “.aspx”
extension is not as Asp page, but an ASP>NET page, another server-side scripting
language from Microsoft, based on a mixture of traditional ASP, and Microsoft’s .NET
technology.
Most ASP pages are written in VBScript, but any other Active Scripting engine
can be selected instead by using the @Language directive or the <script
language=”language” runat=”server”> syntax. JSyntax(Microsoft’s implementation of
ECMAScript) is the other language that is usually available.
2.3.1 Versions
ASP has gone through three major releases:
ASP version 1.0 (distributed with IIS 3.0) in December 1996 ASP version 2.0 (distributed with IIS 4.0) in September 1997 ASP version 3.0 (distributed with IIS 5.0) in November 2000
The move from ASP 2.0 to ASP 3.0 was a relatively modest one. One of the most important additions was the Server. Executive methods, as well as the ASP error object
2.3.2 SAMPLE USAGE
Several scripting languages may be used in ASP. However, the default scripting language (in CLASSIC ASP) is VBSCIPT:
1. <html>2. <body?3. <% Response. Write “hello world! How are you today?” %>
4. </body>
5. </html>
ASP.NET
ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed those
programmers and marketed by Microsoft.
Characteristics:
1. Pages
ASP.NET pages, known officially as “web forms”, are the main building
block for application development. Web forms are contained in files with an ASPX
extension; in programming jargon, these files typically contain static HTML or XHTML
markup, as well as markup defining server-side Web Controls and User Controls where
the developers place all the required static and dynamic content for the web page.
Additionally, dynamic code which runs on the server can be placed in a page within a
block
<% -- dynamic code -- %>
2. Code- behind model
It is recommended by Microsoft for dealing with dynamic program code to use the
code=behind model, which places this code in a separate file or in a specially designated
script tag.
ASP Compatibility ASP is a Microsoft Technology
To run IIS you must have Windows NT 4.0 or later
To run PWS you must have Windows 95 or later
ChiliASP is a technology that runs ASP without Windows OS
InstantASP is another technology that runs ASP without Windows
What is an ASP File? An ASP file is just the same as an HTML file
An ASP file can contain text, HTML, XML, and scripts
Scripts in an ASP file are executed on the server
An ASP file has the file extension ".asp"
How Does ASP Differ from HTML? When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file
When a browser requests an ASP file, IIS passes the request to the ASP engine.
The ASP engine reads the ASP file, line by line, and executes the scripts in the
file. Finally, the ASP file is returned to the browser as plain HTML
Using Active server pages: Generate dynamic web pages. An active server can display different content to
different users or display different content at different times of the day.
Process the contents of HTML forms. You can use an active server page to retrieve
and respond to the data entered into an HTML form.
Create database-driven web pages. An active server page can insert new data or
retrieve existing data from a database such as Microsoft SQL server.
Track user sessions. You can use Active Server Pages to store information about users
from the moment they arrive at your web site until the moment they leave.
Create searchable web pages. When used with Microsoft index server or Microsoft
SQL server Full-Text search, active server pages enable you to create a search engine
for your web site.
Detect the capabilities different browsers. An active server page can detect the features
that a browser supports and display content that is appropriate to different browsers.
Send and retrieve email. An active server page can automatically send email to users
and retrieve email sent to your web site.
Integrate custom components into your web site. You can extend your active server
page scripts with custom server-side components created with Microsoft script
components, Microsoft Visual Basic, or Microsoft Visual C++.
An active server page is a feature of and can be used with the following
web servers: Microsoft Internet information server version 3.0 on Windows NT server.
Microsoft peer web services version 3.0 on Windows NT workstation.
Microsoft personal web server on Windows 95.
How Active Server Pages really Work
An Active Server Page is a standard HTML file that is extended with additional
features. Like a standard HTML file, an Active Server Page contains HTML tags that can
be interpreted and displayed by a Web browser. However, an ASP has three important
features that make it unique:
An ASP can contain server-side scripts. By including server-side scripts in an Active
Server Pages, you can create Web pages with dynamic content. To take an extremely
simple example, you can create a Web page that displays different messages at
different times of the day.
An ASP provides several built-in objects. By using the built-in objects accessible in
an Active Server Page, you can make your scripts much more powerful. Among other
things, these objects enable you to both retrieve information from and send
information to browser.
An Active Server Page can be extended with additional components. Active Server
Pages come bundled with several standard, server-side ActiveX components. These
components enable you to do such things as work with database, send email, and
access the file system.
USER CONTROLSASP.NET supports creating reusable components through the creation of User Controls.
A User Control follows the same structure as a web form, except that such controls are
derived from the System.web.UserControl class, and are stored in ACSX files. Like
ASPX files, a ASCX contains static HTML or XHTML markup, as well as markup
defining web control and other User Controls. The code-behind model can be used.
INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER (IIS)
Internet information server (IIS) is the core window NT service that provides Internet services. The web site has information about the latest patches and Service Pack requirements.
What Exactly Does IIS Do?
Microsoft has a wide variety of products designed for Internet connectivity.
In fact, so many choices are available that differentiating between them is difficult. IIS is
the underpinning that provides information-publishing capabilities on the Internet.
Microsoft provides other vehicles for personal contact publishing such as Personal Web
Server. But IIS is Microsoft’s engine for departmental and enterprise-level publishing.
IIS is the engine that runs large Web sites such as Microsoft.com etc. IIS is now its fourth
version. IIS 1.0 become available in 1995, but it was IIS 3.0 that really caught in the
summer of 1996. IIS 4.0 became available as a public beta in June 1997. With IIS 4.0,
Microsoft introduces a number of new features. Many of the application for IIS 4.0 will
be hardcore c++ components held together by VBscript.
ELEMENTS OF AN ACTIVE SERVER PAGEAn asp file is a text file that can contain any combination of the following elements.
Text
HTML tags
Server-side script
Client-side script
THE ACTIVE SERVER PAGES MODELAn asp script begins to run when a browser requests a .asp file from your web
server. your web server then call asp, which reads through the requested file from top to
bottom, executes any command, and sends an HTML page to the browser.
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)
HTML is a simple, text-based language that uses a series of tags to create a
document that can be viewed by a browser. The HTML code in listing. HTML is not
really a language in the same sense as c++ or Microsoft visual basic. It is more like a
formatting syntax for documents that use escape codes. In fact we often liken HTML
coding to creating a Microsoft word document by typing formatting codes directly into
notepad.
HTML is a poor language from a programming perspective for a variety of
reasons.
First consider the hyperlink; those underlined blue works that you click to go to
another page. The hyperlink is essentially a glorified go statement that provides a hard-
coded jump to some location in the application.
Second HTML provides no real way to persist date throughout an application. In
fact it is difficult to even define an application on the web. Each page represents a
stateless transaction with the server.
Third HTML allows limited interactivity; standard HTML yields static web pages
with text, images, and hyperlinks to other pages.
Admittedly, HTML can provide some interactivity through the use of intrinsic
controls, the input devices you generally see in HTML forms. Forms represent the
primary means of interaction in HTML.A user fills out a series of forms, which are then
submitted to the Back-end server. HTML is created in plain text, so originally most
HTML developers wrote their code directly in a text editor such as notepad. As time went
on, companies produced graphically development tools such as Microsoft front page,
which were designed to allow web pages creation without explicit knowledge of HTML.
ACTIVE SERVER PAGES OBJECTS
Intrinsic objects are features built into the asp architecture. Five objects are
intrinsic to ASP. You can use them to add additional functionality to a web application.
Using intrinsic objects you can share information among all users of your application
store information for specific user retrieve information passed from the user to the server
send output to the user and work with the properties and methods of components on the
server.
WORKING WITH ASP APPLICATION
An application is something more than a group of pages sitting on a hard drive.
When active server pages are joined together in an application, they have certain
properties that they would otherwise lack. An active server pages application is not the
same as a web site. An application is defined by using the intent service manager to
specify a root directory for the application. An application consists of a particular
directory and all its subdirectories.
RENDERING TECHNIQUESASP.NET uses a visited composites rendering technique. During compilation, the
template (.aspx) file is compiled into initialization code which will build a control tree
(the composite) representing the original template. Literal text goes into instances of the
Literal control class, and server controls are represented by instances of a specific control
class. The initialization code is combined with user-written code (usually by the assembly
of multiple partial classes) and results in a class specific for the page. The page doubles
as the root of the control tree.
Actual requests for the page are processed through a number of steps. First, during the
initialization steps, an instance of the page class is created and the initialization code is
executed. This produces the initial control tree which is now typically manipulated by the
methods of the page in the following steps. As each node in the tree is a control
represented as an instances of a class, the code may change the tree structure is a control
represented as an instances of a class, the code may change the tree structure as well as
manipulated the properties of the individual nodes. Finally, during the rendering step a
visitor is used to visit every node in the tree, asking each node to render itself using the
methods of the visitor. The resulting HTML output is sent to the client. After the request
has been processed, the instances of the page class are discarded and with it the entire
control tree.
Following is a list of some features of an active server page application
Data can be shared among the pages in an application. an therefore, among more than
one user of a web site.
An application has events that can trigger special application scripts.
An instance of an object can be shared among all the pages in an application.
Separate applications can be configured with the Internet service manager to have
different properties.
Each application can be isolated to execute in its own memory space.
You can stop one application (unloading all its components from memory) without
affecting other application
FILE ACCESS COMPONENT
Active server pages include a rich set of methods, properties, and collections for
working with files. By using active server pages scripts, you have complete control over
all most all aspects of the file system.
The work with files, you use the file access component. This component uses the
following objects:
File system object: Includes all the basic methods for working with the file system. For
example, you can use the methods of this object to copy and delete folders and files.
Text stream: Used for reading and writing to a text file.
File: The methods and properties of this object enable you to work with individual
files.
Folder: The methods and properties of this object enable you to work with file folders.
Drive: Represents a disk drive or network share. You can use the properties of this
object to retrieve information such as the amount of disk space available or the type of
file system being used on a drive.
STATE MANAGMENTASP.NET applications are hosted in a web server and are accessed over the stateless
HTTP protocol. As such, if the application uses stateful interaction, it has to implement
state management on its own.ASP.NET provides various functionally for state
management in ASP.NET applications.
SYSTEM ENGINEERING Before software can be engineered can be engineered, the “system” in which it resides
must be understood. To accomplish this, the overall objective of the system must be
determined; the role of hardware, software, people, database, procedures and other
system elements must be identified; and operational requirements must be elicited,
analyzed, specified, modeled, validated and managed. These activities are foundation of
the system engineering.
System modeling is an important element of the system engineering process. Whether
the focus is on the world view or the detailed view, the engineer creates models that
Define the processes that serve the needs of the view under construction
Represent the behavior of the processes and the assumptions on which the
behavior is based
Explicitly define both exogenous and endogenous input to the model.
Represent all linkages (including output) that will enable the engineer to better
understand the view.
REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERINGRequirements engineering helps software engineers to better understand the problem they
will work to solve. It encompasses the set of tasks that lead to an understanding of what
the customer wants, and how end users will interact will interact with the software.
3. SOFTWARE & HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
CPU : Pentium III
RAM : 128MB.
Hard Disk : 20GB.
Monitor : SVGA Color Monitor.
Keyboard : 108 Standards.
Mouse : Logitech scroll mouse.
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
Operating System : Windows XP Internet Information Server
Web application Tools : Active Server Pages 4.0
Internet Tools : Visual Interdev 6.0
Browser : Internet Explorer 5.0
Backend : MS-Access Microsoft ODBC for MS-Access
Documentation : MS-Word 2000.
4. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS
4.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
According to Roger pressmen “System analysis
defines the role of each element in a computer based system ultimately allocating the row
that software will play”.
A typical system analysis procedure starts with problem definition and
identification of needs and then proceeds on to feasibility analysis, allocation of functions
to software, hardware, people and databases and establishing cost and schedule
constraints.
In this case the economic justification was obvious and technical risk negligible.
Furthermore, this system appeared to be reasonably good approach towards solving the
problem at hand.
4.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS Requirement analysis is the phase of
communication between the client and the user. Requirement anticipation, requirement
determination and requirement specification is the major activities performed during the
requirement analysis phase. Requirement analysis serves to bridge the gap between
system level software allocation and software design. It is the first technical step during
software engineering process.
During requirement analysis, module of the required information control flow,
operational behavior and data content are created. This activity provides presentation of
information and function that can be translated to data, architectural and procedural
design. Requirement analysis culminates in development of requirement specifications.
While conducting the requirement analysis, I had many discussions with the client of this
project, in order to find out their current mode of operation and their requirements. This
helped in identifying the problem
4.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
After the requirement analysis the feasibility of the project is studied. A feasibility
study is not warranted for a system in which economic justification is obvious. Technical
risk is low, few legal problems are involved in the feasibility analysis: economic,
behavioral and operational.
4.3.1 Economic feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of a candidate system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the
procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate
system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, the decision is made to
design and implement the system. Otherwise, further justification or alterations in the
proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved.
4.3.2 Technical feasibility:
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system and to what extent it
can support the proposed addition. For ex., if the current computer is operating at 80%
capacity then running another application could overload the system or require additional
hardware. This involves financial considerations to accommodate technical
enhancements.
If the budget is a serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible. Active
Server Pages and its supporting hardware is already under use in the organization. This
package does not require any additional purchase of new software. There fore this
package is technically feasible.
4.3.3 Operational feasibility:
People are inherently resistant to change and computers have been known to
facilitate change. An estimate should be made of how strong reaction the user staff is
likely to have towards the development of a computerized system. It is common
knowledge that computer installations have something to do with turnover, transfer,
retraining the changes in employee job status.
The employees are accustomed to computerized systems. Therefore there is no
resistance to using such packages. Since this software is already in use in the organization
the staff would readily use this package. Hence the system is operationally feasible. As
this package is technically, economically and operationally feasible, this system is judged
feasible.
5. Software Requirements Specifications:
Software requirement specification (SRS) is the starting step of the software
development activity. Whenever the system grew more complex it became evident that
the goal of the entire system cannot be easily comprehended .Hence the need of the
requirement phase arose. During requirements specifications the goal is to produce a
document of the client’s requirements. This document forms the basis of development
and software validation. The requirements document has to be such that the client and
users can understand it easily and the developers can use it as a basis for software
development.
There are two basic activities in the requirement phase. The first is problem
or requirement analysis. The goal of this activity is to understand such different aspects.
The second activity is requirements specification, during which the understood problem
is specified or written, reducing the SRS.
Once the analysis is complete, the requirements
must be written or specified. The final output is software requirement specification (SRS)
document. An Analyst will typically analyse the problem and then write the requirement
to the SRS document.
ROLE OF SRS: Reduces the communication gap between the client and the developer
Establishing the basis for agreement between client and the supplier.
Reducing the development cost.
CHARACTERSTICS OF AN SRS:
Understandable
Unambiguous
Complete
Verifiable
Consistent
Modifiable
5.1 COMPONENTS OF SRS:The basic issues, which an SRS must address, are:
A) Functional requirements
This specifies which outputs should be produced from the given inputs. They
describe the relation between the input and output of the system. For each functional
requirement, a detailed description of all the data inputs and their source, and the range of
valid inputs must be specified.
B) Performance requirements
This part specifies the performance constraints on the software system. All the
Requirements relating to the performance characteristics of the system must be clearly
specified.
C) Design constraints
There are number of factors present in the client’s environment that may restrict the
choices of a designer. Such factors include standards that must be followed, resource
limitations, operating system environment, security requirements etc.
D) External interfaces:
These should include the hardware, software human interfaces.
5.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:HARDWARE REQUREMENTS:
1. Processor : Intel P-4 Processor
2. RAM : 128 MB
3. Hard Disk : 20 GB
4. OS Required: Windows XP Service Pack-2.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. ASP with VB Script.
2. MS-Access
6.DESIGN The design of a system is essentially a blueprint, or a plan for a solution for the system.
The design phase begins after the completion of requirement phase. This phase is the first
step in moving from the problem domain to the solution domain. The output of this phase
is the design document. The design process for software systems often has two levels.
System Design
Detailed Design
At the first level the focus is on deciding which modules are needed for the system,
the specification of the modules, and how the modules should be interconnected. This is
what is called system design or top-level design.
In the second level, the internal design of the modules, or how the specification of the
modules can be satisfied is decided upon. This design level is often called as detailed
design. Detailed design essentially expands the system design to contain more detailed
description of the processing logic and data structures such that the design is sufficiently
complete for coding.
A design methodology is a systematic approach to create a design by application of
a set of techniques and guidelines.
Design objectives
The design of a system is correct if a system is built precisely according to the design
specifies the requirements of that system. Clearly the goal during the design phase is to
produce correct designs. The goal of the design is not simply to produce a design for the
system. Instead the goal is to find the best possible design within the limitations imposed
by the requirements and the physical and social environment in which the system will
operate.
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The aim of the design methodology is not to reduce the process of design to a
sequence of mechanical steps, but to provide certain guidelines to aid the designer during
process.
Structured Design Methodology (SDM)
Every software system has having some inputs, which are converted into desired outputs
by the system. The software is viewed as a transformation function that performs the
transformation and transforms the given input into the desired output and the central
problem of designing the software is considered to be properly designing the
transformation function. The structured design methodology is primarily functional in
nature and relives heavily on functional abstraction and functional decomposition.
The goal is to produce a design for a software system that consists of many modules.
The structure of a program is made up of modules. The structure of a program is made up
of the program together with the inter connections between the modules. Every computer
program has a structure, and a given program and its structure can be determined. The
structural chart of a program is a graphic representation of its structure.
The goal of structured design is to control the eventual structure of the system by fixing
structure during the design. The basic objective is to make the program structure reflect
the problem as closely as possible.
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
SMSPerformance& Analysis
Monthly data Yearly data
MIS reports
Analysis(Charts)
USER
Accounting of steel
Best month details
Material Consumption data
Miscellaneous data
CCD delayData
Converter lining Details
Previous productionData
Shift wise production data
CCD performance data
Monthly production plan data
Previous technical details
USECASE DIAGRAM
Description:First the employee login into the system and enters date. The output produced is data for
that required date. If the employee wants to see monthly data or production data, he
clicks on monthly data or production data buttons on the page and views data.
Login
Enter Date
View Data
View monthly data
View production data
Employee
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM FOR LOGIN
Description:Here the employee gets login into the system .Then the database checks for the
validation of the employee .If he is valid ,he is directed to the next ASP page .Now in this
page employee enters date to view the data . For the required date the data is searched.
After the data is found in the database, the database gives data on the ASP page.
: Employee : Active Server Page : Database
LoginCheck validation
Valid employeeDirected to next ASP page
Enter Date
Search Data
Gives Data
Sequence Diagram for Viewing Monthly Data
Description:Here the employee gets login into the system .Then the database checks for the
validation of the employee .If he is valid ,he is directed to the next ASP page .Now in this
page employee enters date to view the data . For the required date the data is searched.
After the data is found in the database, the database gives data on the ASP page .If the
: Employee : Active Server Page : Database
Check validation
Valid employeeDirected to new ASP page
Enter Date
Login
Gives Data
Search Data
Asks Monthly Data
Search Data
Gives Data
employee wants monthly data, he clicks on the monthly data button on the page and
views the data.
Sequence Diagram for Viewing Production Data
Description: Here the employee gets login into the system .Then the database checks for the
validation of the employee .If he is valid ,he is directed to the next ASP page .Now in this
page employee enters date to view the data . For the required date the data is searched.
After the data is found in the database, the database gives data on the ASP page .If the
: Employee : Active Server Page : Database
Check validation
Valid employeeDirected to new ASP page
Enter Date
Login
Gives Data
Search Data
Asks for Production Data
Search Data
Gives Data
Employee wants production data, he clicks on the production data button on the page and
views the data.
7. TESTING:
Testing is very important phase during the software development life cycle. Each phase
ends with the verification and evaluation to identify and remove all the errors occur in
that phase. But some errors remain in the system. These errors will be identified and
removed during the test phase. Testing is a dynamic verification and validation technique.
Here executing the code will identify the errors. There fore testing is performed on code.
The main aim of testing is to identify and eliminate maximum errors in the system to
prepare and a test suit the contains some test cases and used during the maintenance
phase. Usually errors occur in the system during different phases, therefore testing should
be done in various levels to verify errors occurred during the various phases. There are
four different levels of testing. They are
TYPES OF TESTING:To accomplish a task of testing software is done under two categories of test case
design techniques.
Functional / White box Testing
Structural / Black box Testing
FUNCTIONAL TESTING:
In functional testing the structure of the program is not considered. Test cases are
decided solely on the bases of requirements or specifications of the program or module
and the internals of the module or the programs are not considered for selection of test
cases.
Here the complete functionality of the system is tested. There are several test
coverage criteria under the functional testing. The code is tested to meet the functional
requirements of the system.
STRUCTURAL TESTING:
Structural testing is concerned with testing, the
implementation of the program. The intention of the structural testing is not to execute all
the different input and output conditions, this testing is otherwise called as the “white box
testing”.
7.1 TEST CASE SPECIFICATION:
The test plan focuses on how the testing for the project will proceed, which units will be
tested, and what approaches are to be used during the various stages of testing. Test case
specification has to be done separately for each unit. Based on the approach specified in
the test plan, first the feature to be tested for this unit must be determined. Test case
specification gives, for each unit to be tested, all test cases, input to be used in the test
cases, conditions being tested by the test case, and outputs expected for those test cases.
Test case specification is a major activity in the testing process. Careful selection of test
cases that satisfy the criterion and approach specified is essential for proper testing.
7.2 TEST CASE EXECUTION AND ANALYSIS:
Test case output Condition being checked Expected
Invalid data into Read data Invalid data
Textboxes It cannot accept
Wrong data given Read data It doesn’t accept
Press SUBMIT with Read data Error Message
Insufficient data Data required
Press LOGIN with Read data Error message
Incorrect userid / password Invalid user
8. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION:INTRODUCTION:
This is one of the important phases of system development life cycle. It includes all those
activities that take place to convert the old traditional system to the new system. Proper
implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet the organizational
requirements.
Login Screen:
Sign Up Screen:
Guest Login:
Catalog Number System Entry:
Catalogue Number Generation:
