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Submitted by Chiakpo, Nelson (nchiakpo) on 1/13/2011 11:07:46 PM

Points Awarded 32.00

Points Missed 8.00

Percentage 80.0%

1. An isolated cell is observed to absorb oxygen and use it to transform nutrients to energy. Which of the following cellular functions is it displaying?

A) Metabolic absorption

B) Communication

C) Secretion

D) Respiration

Points Earned: 1.0/1.0 Correct Answer(s): D

2.

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A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. Which of the following describes this condition?

A) Euploidy

B) Triploidy

C) Tetraploidy

D) Aneuploidy

Points Earned: 1.0/1.0 Correct Answer(s): C

3. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. Laboratory results reveal an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, with estrogen secretion being elevated. This imbalance would most likely cause endometrial changes referred to as:

A) dysplasia.

B) pathologic dysplasia.

C) hyperplasia.

D) pathologic hyperplasia.


4. A 35-year-old male weights 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is intracellular fluid?

A) 5 L

B) 10 L

C) 28 L

D) 42 L


5. A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?

A) Natural immunity

B) Inflammatory response

C) Adaptive immunity

D) Specific immunity

Points Earned: 0.0/1.0 Correct Answer(s): A

6. A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?

A) Antibodies

B) Cytotoxic T cell

C) Self-antigens

D) Helper T cells


7. A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

A) IgE-mediated

B) Tissue specific

C) Immune complex

D) Cell-mediated


8. A student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing?

A) Alarm stage

B) Stage of resistance

C) Adaptation

D) Exhaustion


9. A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. This cancer would be stage:

A) 1.

B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.


10. A 50-year-old female develops skin cancer on her head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is the most likely?

A) Lymphoma

B) Adenoma

C) Basal cell carcinoma

D) Leukemia


11. An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS. Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A) Bipolar

B) Multipolar

C) Pseudounipolar

D) Interneuron


12. Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain concerning dull and burning pain?

A) Neospinothalamic

B) Paleospinothalamic

C) Archeospinothalamic

D) Reticulospinal

Points Earned: 1.0/1.0 Correct Answer(s): B

13. A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains in a vegetative state 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

A) Cerebral cortex

B) Brain stem

C) Spinal cord

D) Cerebellum


14. A 15-year-old male suffered diffuse brain injury after wrecking an all-terrain vehicle. He had momentary confusion and retrograde amnesia after 5 to 10 minutes. His injury could be categorized as:

A) Grade I.

B) Grade II.

C) Grade III.

D) a mild concussion.


15. A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production. Which of the following would accompany this condition?

A) Increased TRH

B) Increased anterior pituitary stimulation

C) Decreased T3

D) Decreased TSH


16. The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:

A) autoimmune disease.

B) cancer.

C) pregnancy.

D) heart failure.


17. A blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage?

A) Neutrophils

B) Eosinophils

C) Monocytes

D) Lymphocytes


18. A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. From which of the following types of anemia does he suffer?

A) Iron deficiency anemia

B) Pernicious anemia

C) Sideroblastic anemia

D) Hemolytic anemia


19. A 20-year-old male underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in papillary muscles. Which of the following would occur?

A) Semilunar valve closure

B) Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves

C) Atrioventricular valve closure

D) Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves


20. A 50-year-old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

A) AV node

B) SA node

C) Bundle of His

D) Ventricles


21. A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with left bundle branch block. Which of the following structures would not receive an electrical impulse?

A) AV node

B) SA node

C) Bundle of His

D) The left ventricles


22. A 28-year-old female with seizure disorder has a vagal nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity. Which of the following would also be expected to occur?

A) Increased speed of cardiac cycle

B) Increased cardiac contractility

C) Decreased vasodilation

D) Decreased cardiac conduction


23. As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

A) pressure, duration

B) volume, force

C) viscosity, force

D) viscosity, duration


24. A 65-year-old male presents for a routine checkup. A blood pressure check reveals a systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this type of pressure elevation?

A) Vasospasm

B) Rigidity of the aorta

C) High sodium intake

D) Renal disease


25. A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He could be treated with a drug that acts by which of the following mechanisms?

A) Beta-adrenergic agonist

B) Alpha-adrenergic agonist

C) Diuretic

D) Calcium channel agonist

Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): C

26. A 55-year-old female has undiagnosed hypertension. She presents to her physician complaining of impaired vision and chronic edema. Lab tests reveal that she also has renal insufficiency. The most likely cause for these findings is:

A) clotting and gangrene.

B) free radical injury and cell toxicity.

C) end organ damage.

D) hypertrophy and hyperplasia.


27. A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience?

A) headache and blurred vision.

B) nausea and vomiting.

C) chest pain and palpitations.

D) syncope and fainting.


28. A newborn is in respiratory distress and requires ventilation. Tests reveal that he does not produce surfactant due to the absence of:

A) type I alveolar cells.

B) type II alveolar cells.

C) alveolar macrophages.

D) goblet cells.


29. The movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues is called:

A) perfusion.

B) ventilation.

C) diffusion.

D) active transport.


30. A 42-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he suffered a severe head injury. He died shortly after the accident from loss of respiration. The area of the brain most likely involved is the:

A) cerebral cortex.

B) thalamus.

C) basal ganglia.

D) brain stem.


31. A 20-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of difficulty breathing when lying down. This condition is referred to as:

A) dyspnea on exertion.

B) orthopnea.

C) apnea.

D) tachypnea.


32. A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Hyperventilation

B) Hypoventilation

C) Apnea

D) Cyanosis


33. A group of mountain climbers experience confusion, tachycardia, edema, and decreased renal output after climbing Mount Rainier. This condition is caused by:

A) bronchoconstriction.

B) hypoventilation.

C) decreased inspired oxygen.

D) diffusion abnormalities.


34. The filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is directly related to the:

A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.

B) oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.

C) vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles.

D) hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman capsule.


35. The best clinical measure of renal function is:

A) glomerular filtration rate.

B) circulating ADH levels.

C) volume of urine output.

D) urine-specific gravity.


36. A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

A) Anuria

B) Hematuria

C) Pyuria

D) Flank pain


37. A 25-year-old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

A) Streptococcus

B) Candida albicans

C) Chlamydia

D) Escherichia coli


38. A 75-year-old male complains to his physician of loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Urge incontinence

B) Stress incontinence

C) Overflow incontinence

D) Functional incontinence


39. Progesterone is often referred to as "the hormone of pregnancy." Which of the following phrases describes its action during pregnancy?

A) Stimulates lactation

B) Increases ciliary action in the fallopian tubes

C) Thins the endometrium

D) Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus


40. A 12-year-old female notices her hair and skin feel more oily than normal. Her physician explains that during puberty her sebaceous glands enlarge and are stimulated by:

A) testosterone.

B) estrogen.

C) vitamin D.

D) progesterone.


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