FILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFOR

WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT

ERGUN TAJ

DELMON CO. LTDSAWEA WORKSHOP

2005

NOVEMBER 29-30, 2005

FILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFORFOR

WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT

ERGUN TAJ ERGUN TAJ

DELMON CO. LTDDELMON CO. LTDSAWEA WORKSHOPSAWEA WORKSHOP

20052005

NOVEMBER 29NOVEMBER 29--30, 200530, 2005Delmon Co LtdDelmon Co Ltd

OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE

♦♦ Definitions of Filter Media and FiltrationDefinitions of Filter Media and Filtration♦♦ Filtration SpectrumFiltration Spectrum♦♦ Pressure and Gravity FiltrationPressure and Gravity Filtration♦♦ Filter Media SelectionFilter Media Selection♦♦ Delmon Co Ltd Process Flow DiagramDelmon Co Ltd Process Flow Diagram♦♦ Laboratory testing of filter mediaLaboratory testing of filter media♦♦ Pilot plant testing of filter mediaPilot plant testing of filter media♦♦ ConclusionsConclusions

DEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIADEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIADEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIA

Filter media are the granular filtering materials which are installed in the filters. Their function is to retain the suspended solids during the filtration process.

FILTRATION DEFINITIONFILTRATION DEFINITION

Filtration is defined as the passageof a fluid through a porous medium(or media) in order to remove matterheld in suspension

SIZE COMPARISON OF WATERBORNE PARTICLESAND FILTER PORES (FILTRATION SPECTRUM)

SIZE COMPARISON OF WATERBORNE PARTICLES AND FILTER PORES (FILTRATION SPECTRUM)

PARTICLE DIAMETER (in microns)1 10 10210-210-310-4 10-1 103

Colloids Floc

Virus Algae

Microsieves

Bacteria

Suspended Particles

SievesFilter Papers

MICROFILTRATION

ULTRAFILTRATION

NANOFILTRATION

AtomicRadius

PARTICLE FILTRATION

Colour

REVERSE OSMOSIS(Hyperfiltration)

FILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESSESFILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESSES

Pressure and

Gravity Filtration

VERTICAL TYPE PRESSURE FILTER (SINGLE MEDIUM)

Manhole

Gravel Packing layers

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

FiltrateBackwash line

Manhole

Gravel Packing layers

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

FiltrateBackwash line

Manhole

Gravel Packing layers

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

FiltrateBackwash line

Gravel Packing layers

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

FiltrateBackwash line

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

FiltrateBackwash line

VERTICAL TYPE PRESSURE FILTER (DUAL MEDIA)

Gravel Packing layersSand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

Filtrate

Anthracite

Backwash line

Manhole

Gravel Packing layersSand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

Filtrate

Anthracite

Backwash line

Gravel Packing layersSand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

Filtrate

Anthracite

Backwash line

Sand

Free Board1.

5 m

150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm

Feed water

Backwash waterto waste

Filtrate

Anthracite

Backwash line

Manhole

GRAVITY TYPE FILTERGRAVITY TYPE FILTER

FILTER CROSS SECTION

UNDERDRAINAGE & NOZZLES

FREE BOARD

SANDANTHRACITE

Normal Working Level

Inlet

BottomConnection

BackwashOutlet

OperatingFloor

SUPPORT LAYERS

FILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESS

Selection

of

Filter Media

SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA

Particle size distribution

Uniformity coefficient

Size range

Effective size

Specific gravity

SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA

Particle size distribution

Good porosity Bad porosity

Use filter media of narrow size distributionfor good porosity, long filter runs and no loss of filter media during backwash

SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIAUniformity Coefficient

Particle Size Distribution

d10 = 290

d60 = 7100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10 100 1000 10000

Size in Microns

Cum

ulat

ive

% p

asse

d

Cumulative % passedUniformity Coefficient - d60/d10 = 2.44

SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA

♦♦ Size range (i.e. 0.425Size range (i.e. 0.425--0.85 mm)0.85 mm)

♦♦ Effective size = d10Effective size = d10

♦♦ Specific gravitySpecific gravity

DELMON CO LTD FLOW DIAGRAMDELMON CO LTD FLOW DIAGRAM

Packing Process

Washing Process

Drying Process

Screening Process

DELMON CO LTD LABORATORY FOR QA/QCDELMON CO LTD LABORATORY FOR QA/QCAnalyses performed by lab for QA/QC Analyses performed by lab for QA/QC

•• Sieve analysisSieve analysis•• Average fine sizeAverage fine size•• Average grain sizeAverage grain size•• Moisture contentMoisture content•• Silica contentSilica content•• Clay contentClay content•• Bulk densityBulk density•• Specific gravitySpecific gravity•• Acid solubilityAcid solubility•• ADV (Acid demand value)ADV (Acid demand value)•• LOI (Loss on ignition)LOI (Loss on ignition)•• pHpH--TestTest

LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC

LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC

LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC

LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC

PILOT PLANT TESTING OF FILTER MEDIAPILOT PLANT TESTING OF FILTER MEDIA

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM BACKWASH VELOCITIESBACKWASH VELOCITIES

Hea

d lo

ss

Backwash rate

Minimum backwashvelocity

Recommended backwash velocity

1 2

DETERMINATION OF BED EXPANSIONSDETERMINATION OF BED EXPANSIONS

Expa

nded

hei

ght

Backwash rate

12

3

1 Anthracite expansion curve2 Anthracite + sand expansion curve3 Sand expansion curve

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Use narrow size distribution filter media(sand U.C.<1.3, anthracite U.C.<1.5)

Use compatible filter media configuration by considering the size range and specific gravity

Take all necessary precautions and care in all the stages involved in the processing of the filter media (washing drying screening and packing) and most importantly QA/QCDetermine optimum backwash velocities and bed expansions for best filter media cleaning and to avoid loss of filter media during backwash

END OF PRESENTATIONEND OF PRESENTATION

GENTLEMENGENTLEMEN

YOUR QUESTIONSYOUR QUESTIONS

ARE WELCOMEARE WELCOME

Delmon Co Ltd

WASHING THE RAW MATERIALWASHING THE RAW MATERIAL

DRYING THE WASHED MATERIALDRYING THE WASHED MATERIAL

SCREENING THE DRIED MATERIALSCREENING THE DRIED MATERIAL

SCREENING THE DRIED MATERIALSCREENING THE DRIED MATERIAL

PACKING MACHINEPACKING MACHINE

STORING THE SCREEN MATERIALSTORING THE SCREEN MATERIAL