Figure 10.10a: Normal complementary pairing between nucleotide bases during DNA replication

(Adapted from Drake 1970.)

Figure 10.11: Different kinds of mutations produced by the indicated nucleotide changes

Figure 10.12: Varied (pleiotropic) effects of the sickle cell mutation,

(From Genetics Third Edition by Monroe W. Strickberger. Copyright © 1985 by Monroe W. Strickberger. Reprinted by permission of Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.)

Figure 9.02a: Each homolog replicates

(Part (c) from Hartl and Jones.)

Figure 9.02b: Metacentric, Acrocentric, Telocentric

Figure 9.02c: Human karyotype

Figure 9.02d: Mitosis

Figure 9.03a: First meiotic division

Figure 9.03b: Second meiotic division

Figure 9.07: Explanation for the segregation and independent assortment of seed texture and seed color in Mendel's experiments

(Adapted from Strickberger.)

Figure 9.04a: Pairing and chiasma formation between homologous chromosomes in meiosis

(After Hartl and Jones.)

Figure 9.04b: Diagrammatic interpretation of pairing and chiasma formation between homologous chromosomes in meiosis

Figure 9.05: Explanation of Mendel's observed F1 and F2 results for the inheritance of seed texture in garden peas

Figure 9.05: Explanation of Mendel's observed F1 and F2 results for the inheritance of seed texture in garden peas

Figure 9.06: Explanation of Mendel's results for the segregation and assortment of alleles at two pairs of genes

(From Genetics Third Edition by Monroe W. Strickberger. Copyright © 1985 by Monroe W. Strickberger. Reprinted by permission of Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.)

Figure 10.02: Flowers and karyotypes of Nicotiana tabacum, N. glutinosa, and their sterile diploid hybrid

Figure 10.03a: Major kinds of structural chromosomal changes

Figure 10.03b: Major kinds of structural chromosomal changes

Figure 10.03c: Major kinds of structural chromosomal changes

Figure 10.01: Terminologies used for different polyploids

(Adapted from Strickberger.)

Figure 10.03d: Major kinds of structural chromosomal changes

Figure 10.03e: Major kinds of structural chromosomal changes

Figure 10.04a: Fusion

(From Genetics Third Edition by Monroe W. Strickberger. Copyright © 1985 by Monroe W. Strickberger. Reprinted by permission of Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.)

Figure 10.04b: Dissociation

Figure 10.04c: Fission

Figure 10.05: The Chinese and Indian muntjac deer and their karyotypes

(Adapted from Austin and Short.)

Figure 10.07: Banding arrangements of the chromosomes of humans, chimps, gorillas, & orangutans

(Reprinted with permission from "The Origin of Man: A Chromosomal Pictorial Legacy" by Yunis, J. J. Copyright © 1982 American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Figure 10.08: Six proposed major steps in the evolution of human chromosome no. 3,

(Modified from Hino et al., 1993)

Figure 12.09: A comparison of the numbers of nucleotides in the genetic material of different types of organisms

(From Strickberger, adapted from Sparrow et al.)

Table 12.04: Estimates of the frequencies of nonrepetitive DNA sequences and three classes of repetitive DNA sequences in various genomes

Table 12.06: Numbers of nucleotides and estimated numbers of genes for 18 taxa