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Presentation by Breanna Isle, NDSU livestock research specialist. This slideshow was part of the 2011 NDSU Feedlot School.
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Breanne Ilse
Livestock Research Specialist
Carrington Research Extension Center - NDSU
Implants & Feed Additives
Implants & Feed AdditivesImplants
TypesEffectsMethods
Feed additivesConventionalNatural
Implants
Types of Implants
Estrogen basedEstradiol 17-ßProgesterone
Androgen basedTrenbolone Acetate
(TBA)Testosterone
CombinationAndrogen/
Estrogen(TBA/E2)
Estrogenic (Ralgro, Synovex-C, Magnum)
Metabolically enhance nutrient use to enhance growth
Implant Information
Estrogenic Mode of ActionIncreased
Somatotropin & IGF-1
ADG and HCWLittle change
Fat distribution
Protein deposition
Feed efficiency 5-10%
Daily gain5-15%
Androgenic (Finaplix-S/H)
Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growth
Implant Information
Androgenic Mode of ActionIncreased
IGF-1ADG and feed
efficiency
No change in intake
Feed efficiency 2-3% additional
Daily gain 3-5% additional
Combination TBA/E2 (Synovex Choice,Revalo IS/IH,
Synovex Plus)
Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growthAdditive effect with estrogenic
Implant Information
ActivityPotenc
yRe-Implant
Window
Optimum Payout Period
Estrogenic Low 45-90 days 60-90 days
EstrogenicModerat
e70-100 days 80-120 days
AndrogenicModerat
e70-100 days 80-120 days
Combination
Moderate
70-100 days 90-120 days
Combination
High 90-100 days 90-120 days
Potency Level
Estrogen Concentration
Foodng per 3 oz. serving
Beef, non-implanted steer 1.3
Beef, implanted steer 1.9
Beef, heifer 1.1
Milk 11.0
Soybean oil 170,000
Wheat germ 340,000Schoonmaker, J., and G. Lardy. 2004 NDSU
28 billion nanograms in an ounce
Enhance growth performanceIncrease ADGIncrease intakeImproved efficiency
$ $ $ & ¢ ¢ ¢Estimated return $15 to $40
Results of Implant
Ration / fed nutrients
Level of growth promotant
Reimplant window- threshold
Implant Response
Strategic Planning
Performance goals
Animal characteristics
Nutrition
People & Facilities
Terminal dateEstimate date of slaughter
Work backwards
Implant Timing
Location, Location, Location
Implant Est. cost / head
Abscessed $25
Bunched/Crushed $15
Missed $25
Walled off/In Cartilage $25
Partial loss $20
Cost of Improper Technique
Synovex Animal Health Inc. 2004
Dark cutters
Decreased marbling
Decreased tenderness
Negative Effects
Continue once started
Progression of potency
Dose and duration
Implant Guidlines
Feed Additives
5 General categories: IonophoresAntibiotics Estrus suppressantsBuffersOthers / Natural
Effects & Benefits
Fed to Slaughter Weight
3-3.5 lbs/Day up to 5lbs
Step-up diets to acclimate cattle
Usually 85% Concentrate
Finishing Period
Normal Rumen
Disturbed Microbes
Explosive Rumen
Improve efficiency of energy metabolism
Improve efficiency of protein metabolism
Reduce the incidence of digestive upsets
Ionophores
IonophoresGeneral Results
Decrease feed intake
Improve feed conversions
Maintain or increase daily gain
Increase Propionate
Increase pH
Decrease Bloat
Decrease Protein Degradation
Beta-agonist stimulate beta receptors on cell surfaces
Repartitioning agent of fat to protein
Metabolism Directs more nutrients to increase protein synthesis Slows protein degradation
Ractopamine hydrochlorideOptaflexx®
Zilmax ®
Beta-agonist
Fed only for month prior to slaughter60-430 mg/hd/dShort withdrawal timePrice $7- $25 investment per headEffects
Increases dressing percentage Increases hot carcass weight Increases ribeye area Improves yield grade Improves cutability Increases red meat yield
Beta-agonist
www.cattlenetwork.com: Intervet and Elanco
Antibiotics
Reduce Bacterial diarrhea & Pneumonia
Shipping fever
Respiratory infection
Preventing Foot rot
Liver abscesses
Aureomycin
Chlortetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Tylosin
Melengestrol acetate MGA™
MGA Similar to Progesterone
Suppression of Estrus Reduces injuries, and energy lossesImproves gain and feed efficiency of
intact heifers
Estrus Suppressor
Resist changes in rumen pH
Reduce incidence of acidosis
Improve fiber digestion
Individual animal performance extremely variable
Buffers
Live naturally occurring microorganismsNon therapeutic claims
Establishing viable bacterial colonies in gut
Affect digestive function of the animal
Increasing production
Decreasing morbidity
Direct Fed Microbial
Production of organic acids
Production of antimicrobials
Reduce toxic amines
Competitive exclusion
Potential Modes of Action
Fermentation ProductContain live bacteria/microbial cells
Fermentation ExtractBacteria or fungal extracts or
fermentation byproductsContains enzymes extracted from a
microbial fermentation (cells not contained in the product)
DFM - Product vs. Extract
Yeasts and enzyme additivesStabilize rumen pHIncrease fiber digestion
Rumen modifiersRumen microbe populationVFA ratioCompetitive binding
Natural feed additives in feedlot
Saponins Yucca : Antiprotozoal
Organic CobaltPrecursor for Vitamin B12: Increase
VFA productionβ – glucans
Enhance immune systemManna – Oligosaccharide
Competitive binding on bacteria sites
Natural
ConclusionFeed for intended
purpose
Follow label directions
Read warning statements
Store feed properly
Observe withdrawal time
Use of trade names neither endorses nor discounts any product mentioned
Do your own research on the products before purchaseNDSU, CREC, accredited
resources
Disclosure Statement
