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Business and Art in Fashion Magazines: Two Separate, but Equal Components Necessary to the Development, CreaDon, and Success of an issue.

Fashion magazine

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Page 1: Fashion magazine

Business  and  Art  in  Fashion  Magazines:  Two  Separate,  but  Equal  Components  Necessary  to  the  Development,  CreaDon,  and  

Success  of  an  issue.    

Page 2: Fashion magazine

What  are  Magazines?!  •  Magazines  are  vehicles  for  interpretaDon,  entertainment,  advocacy,  &  service  and  their  creaDon  is  a  business  decision.  

•  It  is  crucial  for  a  magazine  to  have  editorial  quality,  but  acumen  too.  Meaning  the  magazine’s  editorial  quality  needs  to  be  unique,  have  value,  merit,  but  even  more  so  sharpness,  wit,  and  insight–  especially  fashion  magazine.    

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Two  Major  Components  

•  That  divide  magazine  staffs  into  two  major  groups:  The  Business  component/side  &  The  Art/CreaDve  component/side.    

•  The  Business    – AdverDsing,  MarkeDng,  CirculaDon,  DistribuDon,  and  ProducDon  

•  The  Art  – Content,  ArDcles,  Artwork,  Photos,  &  Design  

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Break  down  the  Two  Major  Components    

•  Divided  into  4  areas  – Editorial  –  content,  features,  illustraDon,  from  cover  to  last  page  

– AdverDsing  sales  –  selling  ad-­‐space,  markeDng  and  promoDng  the  Title  

– CirculaDon-­‐  aUracDng/keeping  readers  (newsstand  buyers  and  regular  subscribers)  

– ProducDon-­‐  prinDng/binding  and  delivering  mag.  

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Who’s  Running  the  Show?  

•  A  staff  and  their  names  listed  in  the  masthead.  

•   Specific  Dtles  designate  a  specific  role  in  shaping  and  developing  an  issue.    

–   vary  from  magazine  to  magazine.  •  Example  Vogue  &  Foam    

–  Large  global  publicaDon  –  Small  naDonal  publicaDon  

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Business  PosiDons  •  President/CEO  

•  Publisher  

•  CirculaDon  Director  

•  MarkeDng  Director  •  Public  RelaDons  Director/PromoDon  Director  

•  AdverDsing  Sales  Director  

•  Assistant  Publisher/Business  Manager  

•  Research  Director  

•  AdverDsing  Sales  RepresentaDve  

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CreaDve  PosiDons  •  Editor-­‐in-­‐Chief/  Editor  

•  Managing  Editor  

•  ExecuDve  Editor  •  Fashion  Editor  

•  CreaDve  Director  

•  Art  Director  

•  Senior  Editor  

•  Associate  Editor/Assistant  Editor  

•  Copy  Editor  

•  Online  Editor  

•  Staff  Writer  

•  Photographer  

•  ContribuDng  Editor  

•  Editorial  Assistant/Fact  Checker  

•  Freelancer  

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Editor-­‐in-­‐Chief  •  Most  importantly    “A  successful  Magazine  is  characterized  by  a  strong  editor  who  

supplies  its  central  thrust.  There  is  no  room  for  weakness,  uncertainty,  in  defining  what  the  editor  does.  To  some  extent,  then,  everyone  else’s  job  descripDon  follows.”  

•  Is  the  most  important  role  

–  Must  be  successful  managing  both  creaDve  &  business  sides.    •  Increasingly  the  posiDon  has  markeDng  implicaDons  too.    

–  Building  relaDonships  and  creaDng  brand  extensions  •  May  emphasize  the  visionary  aspects,  others  focus  on  being  managers,  and  

others  see  markeDng  roles  as  of  primary  importance.    •  Need  to  combine  all  three  funcDons.    

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The  Business  Plan  •  Business  plan  is  important  – Editors  +  writers  +  designers  +  publishers  +  Ad  sales  people    =  Need  a  business  plan    

– The  magazine’s  economic  foundaDon  

•  The  goal  is  for  a  magazine  to  earn  more  than  it  spends,  but  it  has  to  spend  money  to  earn  it  too.    

•  Becoming  one  of  the  huge  employers  and  users  of  goods  and  services,  thus  pumping  billions  of  dollars  back  into  the  economy.    

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Average  Expenses:  $58.7  Mill  

Expenses  

AdverDsing  $6.6  mill.    

SubscripDon  $14.6  mill.    

Single  Copy  $4.6  mill.    

Editorial  $7.1  mill.  

ProducDon  $12.1  mill.    

DistribuDon  $8  mill.    

AdministraDve  $5.5  mill.    

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Average  Revenue:  $70.3  mill.    

Revenue  

Net  AdverDsing  Revenue  $38.2  mill    

Gross  SubscripDon  Revenue  $22.6  mill.    

Gross  Single  Copy  Revenue  $9.1  mill.  

List  Rental  Revenue  $354,000  

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Profit  

•  Average  Revenue:  $70.3  mill.  -­‐  Average  Expenses:  $58.7  Mill  =  $11.6  mill.    

•  Just  an  idea.  Varies  from  magazine  to  magazine  and  individuals  Dtles  every  year.    

•  Need  to  spend  money  to  earn  money.    

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Business  Plan  

•  A  solid  business  plan  is  important  – Needs  to  define  the  product  (magazine)  through  the  editorial  philosophy.    

– Clear  strategy  and  tacDcs  – MarkeDng  plan  &  Profitability  are  the  primary  economic  planning  secDons  of  a  magazines  business  plan.    

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MarkeDng  Includes:  

•  AdverDsing  and  PromoDon  

•  CirculaDon  and  PromoDon  

•  Frequency:  how  frequently  published  and  consistently  published.    •  AdverDsing  Rates  

•  CirculaDon  Rates:  How  much  an  issue  costs  and  depends  on  reader  income,  state  of  the  economy,  discounts,  adverDsing  to  editorial  raDo,  &  supply  and  demand.    

•  SubscripDons  and  Memberships  

•  DistribuDon  –  troubles,  because  the  cost  increases  decade  aoer  decade.    

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ExecuDve  Summary  of  Profitability  

•  It  is  important  for  a  magazine  to  be  aware  of  finances  and  operaDng  costs,  to  conDnue  to  build  and  successful  magazine.    – Understand  where  there  will  be  a  loss  – Understand  where  they  should  cut  corners  and  invest  money  else  where.    

– What  is  needed  and  what  is  lacking  for  profitability.    

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•  AdverDsing:  is  a  product  promoted  directly  to  people  who  (may)  want  a  certain  product  and  can  afford  it.    –  It’s  effecDve  markeDng    

– A  vehicle  •  Readers  =  potenDal  market  &  specific  demographic  

•  $13  mill  –  2007  $8  mill  -­‐2011  

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•  AdverDsing  effecDveness    •  An  art/form  of  placing  ads  

•  Full  color  •  2  page  spread  –  common  for  fashion  editorials  

•  Biggest  Adverts  – 1.92  bill  –  cosmeDcs  and  toileUries    – 1.79  bill.  –  drugs  and  remedies  

– 1.78  bill.  –  apparel  and  accessories  

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•  Top  magazine  publishers  $14  mill.  –  $51  mill.    – Time  Inc.    

– Conde  Nast    – Hearst  CorporaDon  – HacheUe  Filipacchi  – Meredith  CorporaDon  

•  $  from  adverDsing  =  Revenue  for  the  magazine  – Known  as  adverDsing  expenditure    

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•  AdverDsing  &  Editorial  Staff  separated  – Edit-­‐  plans  and  develops  the  magazine,  then  gives  sales  people  the  informaDon  they  need  to  sell  the  magazine  

•  Adverts  want  features  •  Content  determined  by  editors  

•  Blurring  the  lines  between  the  informaDon  between  editors  &  adverts  is  beneficial.    

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Magazine  Needs  Personality  

•  Like  people  a  magazines  have  personaliDes  that  reflect  their  philosophies,  energy,  wisdom,  and  wit.  The  cover  is  a  magazine’s  statement  of  it’s  idenDty,  as  the  following  example  demonstrate.  

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CreaDve  Aspect  

•  Magazines,  especially  Fashion  Magazines  need  an  element  of  surprise.  In  my  opinion  they  are  the  most  alluring  and  interesDng  mediums  out  there.    

•  There  is  a  process  and  specificity  when  it  comes  to  creaDng  a  fashion  magazines.    

•  For  example  Alexey  Brodovitch  (Art  Director  of  Bazaar  from  1934-­‐1958)  shared  the  pages/layout  needed  to  have  musical  feeling  and  a  rhythm  that  would  carry  the  reader  through  the  magazine  like  a  series  of  dance  steps–  a  tango  here,  a  cha-­‐cha  there,  with  a  waltz,  or  a  polka  for  variety.  

•  The  magazine  design  comes  from  the  editorial  mission  –  It  is  created  with  a  clear  understanding  of  the  magazines  mission.    

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Vogue’s  Mission  •  The  foundaDon  of  Vogue’s  leadership  and  authority  is  the  brand’s  unique  role  as  a  cultural  barometer  for  a  global  audience.  

Vogue  places  fashion  in  the  context  of  culture  and  the  world  we  live  in  —  how  we  dress,  live  and  socialize;  what  we  eat,  listen  to  and  watch;  who  leads  and  inspires  us.  Vogue  immerses  itself  in  fashion,  always  leading  readers  to  what  will  happen  next.  Thought-­‐provoking,  relevant  and  always  influenAal,  Vogue  defines  the  culture  of  fashion.  

•  For  118  years,  Vogue  has  been  America’s  cultural  barometer,  puIng  fashion  in  the  context  of  the  larger  world  we  live  in-­‐  how  we  dress,  live,  socialize;  what  we  eat,  listen  to,  watch;  who  leads  and  inspires  us.From  its  beginnings  to  today,  three  central  principles  have  set  Vogue  apart:  a  commitment  to  visual  genius,  investment  in  storytelling  that  puts  women  at  the  center  of  the  culture,  and  a  selecAve,  opAmisAc  editorial  eye.Vogue’s  story  is  the  story  of  women,  of  culture,  of  what  is  worth  knowing  and  seeing,  of  individuality  and  grace,  and  of  the  steady  power  of  earned  influence.  For  millions  of  women  each  month,  Vogue  is  the  eye  of  the  culture,  inspiring  and  challenging  them  to  see  things  differently,  in  both  themselves  and  the  world.  

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Teen  Vogue  

•  Our  mission  statement  for  Teen  Vogue  is  that  “Influence  Starts  Here.”  When  we  put  the  pages  of  the  magazine  together  we  want  girls  to  look  at  them  and  WANT  to  be  that  girl  on  the  page.  We  are  a  source  for  style,  trends  and  fashion  with  a  young  view  point,  but  with  the  elevated  and  sophisDcated  touch  that  the  Vogue  brand  represents.  

•  Influence  starts  here.  

Young  trendseUers  everywhere  know  there’s  only  one  authenDc  source  for  emerging  fashion,  beauty  and  pop  culture  delivered  with  the  sophisDcaDon  of  the  Vogue  brand.  

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Foam  Magazine  •  Welcome  to  Foam  Magazine,  the  naDon's  premier  female  publicaDon  dedicated  to  celebraDng  beach/surf  

culture  and  its  posiDve  influence  on  fashion,  art,  music  and  acDon  sports.The  only  publicaDon  of  its  kind,  foam  praises  the  uniqueness  and  strength  of  individuals  whose  roots  are  surf  inspired.  We  do  this  by  inviDng  our  readers  into  the  fascinaDng  world  of  athletes,  designers,  arDsts,  musicians,  photographers,  celebriDes  and  our  reader  community  itself.From  enDcing  photo  journals,  profiles,  and  in-­‐depth  interviews  to  cuung-­‐edge  fashion,  health/fitness  tools,  real  beauty  Dps  and  learn-­‐to-­‐ride  instrucDonal  features,  foam  readers  are  encouraged  to  make  posiDve  changes  in  all  aspects  of  their  lives,  and  to  share  their  experiences  and  life  stories  with  other  beach-­‐loving  females.Foam  captures  this  exciDng  essence  of  the  beach  lifestyle  and  presents  it  through  various  digital  iniDaDves  and  targeted  distribuDon  programs,  engaging  its  community  of  readers  via  events,  the  web,  and  print,  making  foam  an  effecDve  and  smart  markeDng  vehicle  for  brands  connecDng  with  young  women  on  a  core,  grassroots  level.  

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Nylon  Mag  

•  Nylon  is  a  fashion  magazine  for  college  educated  young  adults.  The  magazine  was  first  published  in  1999;  to  provide  informaDon  fashion,  music  and  beauDful  for  young  women.  I  also  like  how  Nylon  bridges  the  gap  between  teen  and  adult  fashion  magazines  with  more  of  an  emphasis  on  music  and  film.  The  average  age  of  the  reader  is  24.6,  which  is  rather  young  compared  to  most  fashion  magazine.    

•  Since  its  launch  in  1999,  NYLON  magazine  has  provided  a  unique  voice,  style,  and  perspecDve  to  legions  of  intelligent,  hip  young  women.  An  authority  on  fashion,  music,  and  beauty,  NYLON  has  been  called  “a  force  to  be  reckoned  with,”  delivering  fresh  editorial  with  groundbreaking  photography  and  design.  

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Needs  to  be  a  Balance  &  Harmony  

With  what  is  being  read  and  the  graphics/photographs  that  are  used.    

With  the  development  of  technology  we  not  only  read  text,  but  read  images  and  typography.      needs  to  all  be  cohesive  and  flow.    

There  needs  to  be  a  visual  idenDty  that  resonates  with  readers  and  not  bore  them.    

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Readers  either  like…  or…  

•  She  either  wants  to  be  soothed  by  uncluUered,  color-­‐coordinated  pages  of  a…  decepDvely  simple  room  arrangements  and  perfectly  posed  fashions    

•  Example  

•  Challenged  by  the  unconvenDonal  perspecDve  of  cuung-­‐edge  layouts,  street-­‐smart  autudes,  and  fold  out  arDcles.    

•  Example  

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Art  Director  Needs  to  be  aware  of  •  Eye  Movement  –  catching  the  readers  aUenDon  

•  The  Grid-­‐  columns  and  margins  per  page  •  Typography  –  primary  visual  component  in  the  communicaDon  of  words  

–  Used  for  the  body  copy,  Dtles,  and  cutlines.  It’s  an  art  form  and  allows  the  musical  expression  of  words  

•  Color  –  Black&White  –  typical,  legible,  choice  for  large  blocks.  –  Color  –  provides  idenDficaDon,  creates  associaDon,  and  aUracts  aUenDon.      

•  Design  Principals  –  Coincides  with  magazines  mission  –  Needs  to  have  unity  

–  Balance  –  natural  &  contained  –  ProporDon  –  Sequence  –  readers  prefer  a  paUern  &  consistency  

–  Contrast  –  

•  Needs  to  integrate  words  &  pictures  

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ProducDon  Process    

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Break  of  Book