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FAMOUS MONUMENTS OF INDIA

Famous Monuments of India - mytnpsc.weebly.commytnpsc.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/3/8/26381189/famous_monument…FAMOUS MONUMENTS OF INDIA . ... The monuments of Vijayanagara city,

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FAMOUS MONUMENTS OF INDIA

A part of the Seven Wonders of the World. Taj Mahal has

become a symbol of endless love and devotion.

On the backdrop of Yamuna River .

Mughal emperor of India, Shah Jahan in the memory of

his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal,

Ustad Ahmad Lahori, has been cited to plan this

building.

construction began in 1630

It took 12 years of hard labour and 20,000 labourers to build the

mausoleum.

The architectural complex is comprised of five main elements:

1. the 'Darwaza' or main gateway,

2. the 'Bageecha' or garden,

3. the Masjid or mosque,

4. the 'Naqqar Khana' or rest house, and

5. the 'Rauza' or the Taj Mahal mausoleum. The actual Tomb is

situated inside the Taj.

The marble stature memorial has got embellishments of beautiful marble inlay work

known as "Pietra Dura" that is a very integral part of Agra's art culture and

traditions.

Qutb-u'd-Din Aibak laid the foundation of Qutab Minar in AD

1199 raised the first storey.

Three more storeys by his successor and son-in-law, Shamsu'd-

Din IItutmish (AD 1211-36).

Shah Jahan

In 1638 when the emperor moved the capital of India from Agra

to Delhi, a new royal palace was constructed.

Known as the Red Fort (Lal Qila), it was begun around 1640 and

completed by 1648.

The Khas Mahal served as the emperor's private quarters and was the

most exquisitely decorated of all the pavilions.

The Diwan-i-khas in Red Fort was designed to reflect heaven and

served as the private audience hall.

All public audiences were held in the Diwan-i-am, and secret

meetings took place in the Royal Tower, or Shah Burj.

he Moti-Masjid (Pearl Mosque), built by Aurangzeb for his personal use.

Location of the site: Khajuharo, Madhya Pradesh

Famous For: Khajuraho is well known for erotic art sculptures and

carved temples and Dance Festival

Significance: World Heritage Site

Nearby attractions: Panna Wildlife Sanctuary

Khajuraho Temples

Location of the

site: 99-km From Aurangabad, Maharashtra

Significance: World Heritage Site

Total Caves: 30

Dates Back to: 2nd Century BC To 6th Century AD

Ajanta Caves

The themes are intensely religious in tone and centre round Buddha, Bodhisattvas,

incidents from the life of Buddha and the 'Jatakas'. Ajanta cave paintings are

executed on a ground of mud-plaster in the tempera technique.

Location: Near Mumbai

Carved

Between: 9th And 12th Centuries AD

Designated As: World Heritage Site

Famous For: Lord Shiva temple

Elephanta Caves

Charminar

Charminar, a splendid piece of architecture standing

in the heart of the hyderabad city built by Quli

Qutub Shah, in 1591.

A Representation Of Indo-Sarcenic Tradition

Agra Fort

Akbar

UP𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒

Fatehpur Sikri

Location: Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Build By: Akbar

Built in: 1571 - 1585

an epic poem in red sandstone

Location: Delhi

Architecture: Mughal Architecture

Designed By: Misak Mirza Ghiyas

Built By: Humayun's Wife Haji Begum

Humayun's Tomb

Location: 18 Miles From Aurangbad, Maharashtra

Belonging To: Hindu, Buddhist And Jain

Total Caves: 34

Carved

Between: 5th And 10th Century AD

Ellora Caves

Kailasha (Cave 16) is a remarkable example of

rock-cut temples

Location: Hampi, 350 kms from Banglore

Famous For : The Vithala Temple complex

Hampi

Legacy Of Vijayanagar Empire

Hampi is situated on the southern bank of Tungabhadra.

Once it was the seat of the mighty Vijayanagara Empire.

The monuments of Vijayanagara city, also known as Vidyanagara in honour of the

sage Vidyaranya were built between AD 1336-1570, from the times of Harihara-I to

Sadasiva Raya.

A large number of royal buildings were raised by Krishnadeva Raya (AD 1509-30),

the greatest ruler dynasty.

Nalanda University

Nalanda 90-km south east of Patna by road.

Lord Vardhamana Mahavir and Lord Buddha frequently visited it in the 6th century BC.

It is also supposed to be the birthplace of Sariputra, one of the Chief disciples of the Lord Buddha.

The University of Nalanda was founded in the 5th century by the Gupta emperors.

Nalanda was a great centre of learning and students from foreign centre of learning and students from foreign

countries were also attracted to this university.

Hieun Tsang received here the Indian name Mokshdeva.

Nalanda acquired a celebrity spread all over the east as a centre of Buiddhist theology and educational activities. Its

importance as a monastic university continued until the end of the 12th century.

Sanchi Stupa

Sanchi is a small village in Raisen District of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, it

is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in

the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh.

specimen of Buddhist art and architecture,

the period between the third century BC and the twelfth century AD

Pattadakal

Pattadakal was not only popular Chalukyan architectural activities, but also a

holy place for royal coronation, 'Pattadakisuvolal'. Temples constructed here

mark the blending of the Rekha Nagara Prasada and the Dravida Vimana styles of

temple building.

Virupaksha temple of the Chalukyan period served as a model for the

Rashtrakuta ruler to carve out the great Kailasha at Ellora.

Location: Konark, Orissa

Also Known As: Black Pagoda & Konarak

Built By: King Narsingha Deva

Presiding Deity: Surya Or The Sun God

Konark Sun Temple

Konark Sun Temple is a 13th century Sun Temple, at Konark, in Odisha. It was

constructed from oxidized and weathered ferruginous sandstone by King

Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty

Buland Darwaza

Buland Darwaza erected in 1602 AD to commemorate Akbar's victory over

Deccan is the highest and grandest gateway in India and ranks among the

biggest in the world.

The Darwaza rises to a height of 40 metres and is topped by pillars and

Chhatris.

It is the most Islamic structure in Fatehpur Sikri and echoes early Mughal

design with simple ornamentation, the carved verses from the Koran and

soaring arches. On the outside a long flight of steps sweeps down the hill

giving the gateway additional height.

India Gate in Delhi

At the center of New Delhi stands the 42m high India Gate, an

"Arc-de-Triomphe" like Archway in the middle of a crossroad.

It commemorates the 70,000 Indian soldiers who lost their lives

fighting for the British Army during the First World War and bears

the names of more than 13,516 British and Indian soldiers killed in

the Northwestern Frontier in the Afghan war of 1919.

The foundation stone was laid by His Royal Highness, the Duke of Connaught in 1921

and was designed by Edwin Lutyens. The monument was dedicated to the nation 10

years later by the then Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Another memorial, Amar Jawan Jyoti was

added much later, after India got its independence. It is in the form of a flame that burns

day and night under the arch to remind the nation of soldiers who laid down their lives

in the Indo-Pakistan War of December 1971.

Golconda Fort

Golconda Fort is a majestic monument, which lies on the western outskirts of

Hyderabad city. It speaks of a great cultural heritage of 400 years and is

regarded as a place worth visiting. Built by Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah in

1525, Golconda Fort stands as the epitome of Nawabi culture and grandeur.

Jama Masjid

Jama Masjid is one of the largest mosques in

India.

It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan

and is located across the Red Fort in Delhi.

Lotus Temple

The Lotus Temple is called so because of its flower like shape. It was

built in 1986. It is a Bahai House of Worship and due to its unique

architectural design, it has won various awards. It was built in 1986

and has become one of the most well-known attractions in Delhi. It is

located in the South of Delhi having acres of gardens in its

surroundings.

Golden Temple

This temple is also known as Darbar Sahib or

Hari Mandir Sahib. It is actually a Sikh

Gurdwara that is located in Amritsar, Punjab.

The dome of this temple is covered with a gold

leaf and the interiors of temple are decorated

with precious stones in a floral design.

Bijapur

City in India

Bijapur city is the district headquarters of Bijapur District of Karnataka state. It is

also the headquarters for Bijapur Taluka.

Gol Gumbaz or Gol Gumbadh, Kannada: ಗ ೋಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ, Urdu: گول گمبد‎‎,from

Persian گل گنبذGol Gombadh meaning "rose dome",-- is the mausoleum of

Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. Wikipedia

Height: 60 m

Opened: 1659

Address: Jadar Galli, Bijapur, Karnataka

Architects: Mohammed Adil Shah, Yaqut of Dabul

Burials: Mohammed Adil Shah, Ali Adil Shah II

Mount Abu

Mountain

Mount Abu is a popular hill station in the Aravalli Range in Sirohi

district of Rajasthan state in western India near the border with

Gujarat. The mountain forms a distinct rocky plateau 22 km long by 9

km wide.

Dilwara Temples

The Jain Dilwara temples of India are located about 2½ kilometres from

Mount Abu, Rajasthan's only hill station. These temples built by Chalukya

between the 11th and 13th centuries AD are world famous for their stunning

use of marble.

Dilwara Rd, Delwara, Mt Abu, Rajasthan

City Palace, Udaipur, is a palace complex in

Udaipur, in the Indian state Rajasthan. It was

built by the Maharana Udai Singh as the capital

of the Sisodia Rajput clan in 1559, after he

moved from Chittor

City Palace, Udaipur

Lake Palace (formerly known as Jag Niwas) is a luxury hotel, of 83 rooms and

suites featuring white marble walls, located on a natural foundation of 4 acres

(16,000 m2) rock on the Jag Niwas[1] island[2] in Lake Pichola,Udaipur, India. The

hotel operates a boat which transports guests to the hotel from a jetty at the City

Palace. It has been voted as the most romantic hotel in India.

It was built in 1743[1]- 1746[2] under the

direction of the Maharana Jagat Singh II](62nd

successor to the royal dynasty of Mewar) of

Udaipur, Rajasthan as a royal summer palace and

was initially called Jagniwas or Jan Niwas after its

founder.

Chittorgarh Fort

Chittorgarh Fort is the largest fort in India and the grandest in the state of

Rajasthan. The fort, plainly known as Chittor, was the capital of Mewar

and is today situated several kilometres by road south of Bhilwara.

Sarnath

Sarnath is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and

where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of

Kondanna. Sarnath is located 13 kilometres north-east of Varanasi, in Uttar

Pradesh, India.

The Lion capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Indian lions standing back to

back.

It was originally placed atop the Aśoka pillar at Sarnath, now in the state of Uttar

Pradesh, India by Emperor Ashoka c. 250 BCE.

The pillar, sometimes called the Aśoka Column, is still in its original location, but

the Lion Capital is now in the Sarnath Museum.

The Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath was adopted as the Emblem of India in

1950.

The wheel "Ashoka Chakra The capital contains four lions (Indian/Asiatic Lions),

standing back to back, mounted on an abacus, with a frieze carrying sculptures in

high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion, separated by

intervening spoked chariot-wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.

Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the capital was believed to be

crowned by a 'Wheel of Dharma' (Dharmachakra popularly known in India as the

"Ashoka Chakra"), which has now been lost.

There is a similar intact Ashoka pillar in Thailand (see photo) with a similar four

lion capital intact and crowned with Ashoka Chakra / Dharmachakra.

Gaya

Gaya is the second largest city of Bihar, India, and it is also the

headquarters of Gaya District. Gaya is 100 kilometers south of Patna,

the capital city of Bihar.

For Buddhists, Gaya is an important pilgrimage place because it was

at Brahmayoni hill that Buddha preached the Fire

Sermon (Adittapariyaya Sutta) to a thousand former fire-worshipping

ascetics, who all became enlightened while listening to this discourse.

At that time, the hill was called Gayasisa.

The Jagannath Temple in Puri is a famous Hindu temple

dedicated to Jagannath and located in the coastal town of

Puri in the state of Odisha, India

Puri

Mysore

Mysore is the second-largest city in the state of Karnataka, India. Located

at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km southwest of the state

capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of 128.42 km²

Thanjavur Brihadeeswarar Temple

The Peruvudaiyar Kovil, also known as

Brihadeeswara Temple,

RajaRajeswara Temple and

Rajarajeswaram, at Thanjavur in the Indian

state of Tamil Nadu,

The temple had its foundations laid out by the Tamil emperor Arulmozhivarman, popularly called Rajaraja Chola I, (Tamil: இராசராச‎சசாழன், Rājarāja Choļan ?) in 1002

The Grand Anicut, also known as the Kallanai (Tamil: கல்லணை) (kall -

stone, anai-bund), is an ancient dam built on the Kaveri River in the state

of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is located about 20 km from Tiruchirapalli. It

was built by theChola king Karikala Chola around the 2nd Century AD[1][2] and

is considered one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures

in the world, which is still in use. It still stands as a symbol of Dravidian

Engineering.

Gangaikonda Cholapuram

Gangaikonda Cholapuram was erected as the capital of

the Cholas by Rajendra Chola I, the son and successor of

Rajaraja Chola

Khangchendzonga National Park

Khangchendzonga National Park (previously

named Kanchenjunga National Park) also Kanchenjunga

Biosphere Reserve is a National Park and a Biosphere

reserve located in Sikkim, India.The park gets its name from the

mountain Kanchenjunga

Manas National Park

a Wildlife Sanctuary, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project

Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve inAssam, India.

Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is contiguous with the Royal Manas

National Park[1] in Bhutan. The park is known for its rare and endangered

endemic wildlife such as the Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden

Langur and Pygmy Hog.Manas is famous for its population of the Wild water

buffalo.[2]

Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)

The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical

instruments, built by Sawai Jai Singh who was a Mughal Commander

and served Emperor Aurangzeb and later Mughals.

Keoladeo National Park

The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National

Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird

Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India

Mahabalipuram

These Pallava Period sites include: the Pancha Rathas of Dharmaraja

Ratha, Arjuna Ratha, Bhima Ratha, Draupadi Ratha, Nakula Sahadeva Ratha,

and also Ganesha Ratha; several Cave Temples of

Mahabalipuram including Varaha Cave Temple, Krishna Cave

Temple, Mahishasuramardini mandapa, Panchapandava Cave Temple;

structural temples including the Shore Temple and the Olakkannesvara Temple;

and the Descent of the Ganges, one of the largest open-air bas-reliefs in the

world.[1][2] Mamallapuram is known for its architectural grandeur.

Mamallapuram is known by several other names, Mallapuram,

Mahamallapuram, Mavalipuram, and Mahabalipuram; the last name is

the most recent and official as per census reports. It was nicknamed

the "land of seven pagodas" by Europeansailors