Fall 2007 CS 225 1

Programming Tools

EclipseJUnit Testingmake and ant

Fall 2007 CS 225 2

Eclipse

• command line arguments

Fall 2007 CS 225 3

Debugging in Eclipse

Fall 2007 CS 225 4

JUnit Testing

• JUnit is an open-source testing framework for Java

• You can create test cases and test suites by extending the appropriate class from the JUnit package

Fall 2007 CS 225 5

JUnit Testing

• JUnit has been integrated into Eclipse• Make sure junit.jar is on the build path

– use the Properties menu– or let Eclipse find it when you create the

test case

• Create a test case– File -> New -> JUnit Test Case

• Run your application as a JUnit Test

Fall 2007 CS 225 6

In the TestCase class

• Write methods that test each of the methods of your class– use the assertion methods on next slide for

testing results of methods

• You can override setup() and teardown() to create a set of objects to be shared by several tests

Fall 2007 CS 225 7

Assertion methods

• assertEquals( expected, actual) • assertFalse( condition),

assertTrue(condition)• assertNull( object),

assertNotNull( object)• assertSame( ecpected, actual),

assertNotSame(expected, actual)• And many more

Fall 2007 CS 225 8

Sources of Information

• The home page for JUnit is at

http://www.junit.org/

• The documentation is at http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/

Fall 2007 CS 225 9

Building Big Projects• For very large projects, the process of

recompiling all the modules that make up the project can take a long time.

• One way to reduce the amount of time needed to build a project is to only recompile the modules that have not changed and don't use modules that have changed.

• Two tools that determine what needs to be recompiled.– make– ant (for Java)

Fall 2007 CS 225 10

The make Utility• make is a command generator designed to

help you manage large projects– make allows you to specify dependencies between

modules• if a class depends on another class, it should be

recompiled when that class changes

– make allows you to specify how to compile a particular class

– make uses these specifications to determine the minimum amount of work needed to recompile a program

Fall 2007 CS 225 11

How does make Work?• make uses a file called Makefile (or makefile

or GNUMakefile) to determine what needs to be recompiled.

• The makefile contains a set of rules for executing the jobs it can be asked to do.

• When you run make, it uses the rules in the makefile to determine what needs to be done.

• make does the minimum amount of work needed to get the job done.

Fall 2007 CS 225 12

The Makefile• A make file consists of a set of rules• Each rule has the form

target: dependencies commands

• target is (usually) the name of a file to be created

• dependencies are the names of files that are needed to create the target

• commands is one or more commands that need to be executed to create the target. • Each command is indented with a tab

Fall 2007 CS 225 13

Example

• TestPriorityQueue uses KWPriorityQueue. PrintDocument and ComparePrintDocuments objects

• ComparePrintDocuments uses PrintDocument objects

• KWPriorityQueue implements Queue

Fall 2007 CS 225 14

makefileTestPriorityQueue.class: TestPriorityQueue.java \ KWPriorityQueue.class PrintDocument.class \ ComparePrintDocuments.class javac TestPriorityQueue.java

KWPriorityQueue.class: KWPriorityQueue.java Queue.class javac KWPriorityQueue.java

Queue.class: Queue.java javac Queue.java

Fall 2007 CS 225 15

makefile (cont.)ComparePrintDocuments.class: \ ComparePrintDocuments.java PrintDocument.class javac ComparePrintDocuments.java

PrintDocument.class: PrintDocument.java javac PrintDocument.java

Fall 2007 CS 225 16

Dummy targets

• The makefile can also have targets that don’t create files

• A target to run a java programTestPriorityQueue: TestPriorityQueue.class java TestPriorityQueue

• A target to remove class filesclean: rm -f *.class

Fall 2007 CS 225 17

Sources of Information

• Managing Projects with make by Andrew Oram and Steve Talbot

• http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/make/make_toc.html

• Look at the man pageman make

Fall 2007 CS 225 18

Ant

• make can be used with Java files • ant was designed for building large Java

projects– acronym for "Another Neat Tool"

• Ant uses XML format for build files

Fall 2007 CS 225 19

build files• A build file is an xml file that contains

exactly one project element<?xml version="1.0" ?><project default="main">

</project>• main is target to build if none is given• name and basedir are optional

attributes for project

Fall 2007 CS 225 20

Targets• A project element contains one or more

targets• Each target corresponds to a task

– the main target is required<target name="main>

</target>

• depends attribute contains list of targets that this target needs

Fall 2007 CS 225 21

Tasks• Each target contains one or more tasks• There are a number of built-in tasks

– java • needs the classname attribute to be set to the main class

– javac

– jar - to create a java archive– javadoc - to create the documentation

Fall 2007 CS 225 22

Sources of Information

• Ant The Definitive Guide by Steve Holzner

• Ant is an open source Apache project– http://ant.apache.org/