Fah0033 Thinking Skills

FAH0033 THINKING SKILLS

GROUP PROJECT

SEPTEMBER 2010 SEMESTER

PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GROUP NUMBER: 10

GROUP NAME:

PROJECT TITLE: CLIMATE CHANGE & EARTHQUAKE WARNING

SYSTEM

LECTURER: DR ONG SENG HEE

GROUP MEMBERS:

1. NUR AMALINA BT RAMLAN 14904

2. NUR AMILIA BINTI NOOR AZMI 14918

3. MUHAMMAD IDWAN B JALIL 14926

4. ALI ABIDIN B IDRIS 14968

5. MUHAMMAD ZAFIRUL HAKIM BIN NORDIN 15020

PART 1

THINKING TOOLS

1. Problem Statement :

The problem is the abnormal climate change experienced by the earth lately.

2. Objective of the Project Question :

The objective of this project is to

2.1 Determine the causes of climate change.

2.2 Propose some solutions to prevent climate change.

3. Research tasks :

The research tasks are

3.1 Generate a list of probable causes of climate change by using CAF.

3.2 Produce a comprehensive Ishikawa diagram based on the causes given in 3.1.

3.3 Suggest five solutions to prevent climate change.

3.4 Produce and submit an executive report.

4. Benefits and usefulness of the tools used to address the problem :

4.1 Consider All Factors (CAF)

4.1.1 Serves to ensure that no possibilities have been overlooked.

4.1.2 Reminds that all factors or parameters should be considered when analyzing a

problem in order to avoid error of partialism in thinking.

4.1.3 Applied to look all factors involved in a situation as broad as possible, rather than of

only immediate ones.

4.1.4 Designed to encourage students to widen their thinking by ‘exploring’ rather than

‘judging’.

4.1.5 Extends perceptions.

4.1.6 Assist to think more effectively about certain situation

4.1.7 When making decision or just thinking about something, there are many factors to

consider. If some factors are left out, the choice may seem right at the time but will

later turn out to be wrong. When looking at other people’s thinking, some factors

they have left out could be detected.

4.1.8 Basically related to action, decision, planning, judging and coming to a conclusion.

4.1.9 Provide deliberate attention to explore all the factors relevant in situation at the time

of exploration takes place.

4.2 Ishikawa Diagram

4.2.1 Enable us to consider whole picture which is able to examine all of the available

problems, instead of confining ourselves with obvious ones that may not be crucial.

4.2.2 Encourage motivate participation of group members so that the cumulative

knowledge and wisdom of whole group will be totally utilized.

4.2.3 Serve visuals of the problem and potential categories of causes.

4.2.4 Use an organized, easy-to-be-read format to make a diagram for displaying the

relationship of factors and benefits.

4.2.5 Enable to discern and determine the roots and origins of a problem or quality in a

structured method.

4.2.6 Expose which problem is lack adequate information or data and requires further

study.

4.2.7 Promote creative thinking by going through brainstorming.

4.2.8 Help to identify and distinguish the potential problems and decide which one should

and is possible to be resolved.

4.2.9 Facilitate to better comprehend and increase knowledge of the current problems by

helping all to learn more about the causes at play.

4.2.10 Help to divert focus of participants to vital issues rather without allowing complaints

and discussions of irrelevant matters to be voiced out.

5. Task :

5.1 illustration of Thinking Tools Used to Address the Problem

5.1.1 Consider All Factors (CAF)

5.1.1.1Natural Phenomena

5.1.1.1.1 Volcanic eruptions, direction of winds and proximity to equator are

examples of natural phenomena that contribute climate change

5.1.1.2 Human Activities

5.1.1.2.1 logging, open burning, smoking are some of human influences towards

climate change

5.1.1.3 Global Warming

5.1.1.3.1 Melting of ice, arise in carbon dioxide level and rise of global temperature

contribute to climate change

5.1.1.4 Industrial Revolution

5.1.1.4.1 Invention of motor engines, increased burning of fossil fuels and factories

release harmful gases to atmosphere

5.1.1.5 El Nino

5.1.1.5.1 The irregular warming of surface water in Pacific pumps energy and

moisture into atmosphere, altering wind and rainfall patterns

5.1.1.6 Urbanization

5.1.1.6.1 Construction of buildings, skyscrapers, increased of human population and

5.1.2 Ishikawa Diagram

Step 1

User, 30/11/10,

???????????????

Step 2

Step 3

Human Activities

Natural Phenomena

Global Warming Industrial Revolution

Climate

Change

Climate Change

Natural Phenomena Human

El Nino Logging

Volcanic eruption Open burning

Direction of winds Urbanization

Proximity to equator Smoking

Greenhouse effect Motor engines

Thinning of ozone layer Burning of fossil fuels

Melting of ice Factories

Step 4

Climate

Change

Industrial Global Warming


EL NINO URBANIZATION

Volcanic eruption Open burning

Direction of winds Logging

Proximity to equator Smoking

GREENHOUSE EFFECT MOTOR ENGINES

Thinning of ozone layer Burning of fossil fuels

Melting of ice Factories

Step 5

Climate

Change



URBANIZATION

GLOBAL WARMING MOTOR ENGINES

EL NINO

5.2 Suggested Solutions to the problem5.2.1 Improving public transport and ride schemes, pedestrianisation and encouraging

people to practice car pooling to reduce pollutions and congestion especially during ‘rush hours’.

5.2.2 Government passes laws to plan and provide environmentally sound cities, considering that people should not live in polluted or unsafe areas.

Climate

Change


5.2.3 Government encourages private investment in sustainable industries, like solar energy, public transportation, and water reclamation, with financial rewards.

5.2.4 In order to prevent rapid urbanization and conserve natural ecosystems, private industry will utilize natural resources to promote tourism and create jobs in both rural and urban areas. Using subsidies, government promotes private and foreign investment in environmentally sound development in rural areas.

5.2.5 Industries improve cars to be environmentally friendly. Government reduces the manufacturing of private cars and sponsors manufacturing of public transportation vehicles, encouraging people to use them by raising parking and gasoline prices.

QUESTION 2INNOVATIONS

We have been required to produce the design concept of an effective earthquake

warning system. The proposed system must be reliable, accurate, easy to install, cost

effective and able to function in remote earthquake-prone areas

1. DENTIFYING A DATUM

SOS-LIFE Earthquake early warning system

Dimension Width(8.5cm), length(4cm), height(14.5cm)

Weight 220gram

Casing Material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butdiene Styrene)

Mounting Bracket Thermoplastic

Alarm display View angle(60°), intensity(2500mcd)

Alarm Screen 3 coloured light indicate different meaning

Alarm sound Loudness 85Db in radius 1metre

Light display type Coloured bulb light

Power consumption Max. 120mA

Operating temperature 0° C-45° C

Battery type NiMH ; 4,8V DC ; 950 mAh

Battery life 7days uncharged

Additional feature String making the device’s transportation

accessible

2. DECOMPOSITION CHART

Earthquake Warning system

3. MORPHOLOGY CHART

Features Main

(How/Type/Characteristic)

Casing Material ABS Steel Carbon Fibre Wood

Additional Features

Mounting Bracket

Accupack Type

Accupack Size

Power Supply

Alarm Sound

Alarm Display

Casing Material

Alarm Display Coloured light LED light Digital Screen LCD Screen

Alarm Sound 85dB 105dB 125dB 65dB

Power Supply Adapter Solar Rechargeable

Battery

Battery

Accupack Size Small Large Medium Extra Large

Accupack Type NiMH NiCd Li-ion Li-ion Polymer

Mounting Bracket Thermoplastic Aluminium Leather Stainless Steel

Additional Features Neck Strap Waist Strap Clipper Hand Strap

4. PLAUSIBLE SOLUTION CONCEPTS & SKETCHES

Concept 1 (C1)

Features Main






Battery

Battery





Concept 2 (C2)

Features Main






Battery

Battery




Additional Features Neck String Waist Strap Clipper Hand Strap

Concept 3 (C3)

Features Main






Battery

Battery





Concept 4 (C4)

Features Main






Battery

Battery





Concept 5 (C5)

Features Main






Battery

Battery




Additional Features Neck Strap Waist Strap Shoes Strap Hand Strap

5. PUGH EVALUATION MATRIX

Evaluation Criteria DATUM C1 C2 C3 C4 C5Cost-effective + - S + +Easy to Install + S S + -Energy Save - + + + S

Reliability - + S + +Ability to Function in

Earthquake-prone areas+ - + - +

Safety Feature S - - S +User Friendly - S S + +

Accessibility during Earthquake S - S + S

Durability + S - S -

Total (+) 4 2 2 6 5Total (-) 3 4 2 1 2Total (S) 2 3 5 2 2

Total 1 -2 0 5 3

Decision: The chosen concept is C4 which is Concept 4.

Explanation: The final value of the Pugh Evaluation Matrix is 5 which are highest. Concept 4 also more cost effective and reliable to the user. This concept is also easier to install and save more energy than the datum. In addition to that, this concept also more friendly to the user and convenient compared to the datum. This concept also has better accessibility during earthquake than the datum itself.

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Fah0033 Thinking Skills