Factorii Ce Influenteaza cresterea plantelor

8/10/2019 Factorii Ce Influenteaza cresterea plantelor

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Environmental Factorsafecting crops.Chapter 12: Climate,weather and crops


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Concept Overview

Temperature can vary from place to place

1. It surrounds all living things

2. All living organisms need it

3. It gives Earth most of its energy

A. organism

B. energy

C. the ocean

D. environment

E. the sun


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Living things depend on the

environment

Ecology: the scientific study of howorganisms interact with their environmentand all the other organisms that live inthat environment

Ecosystem: describes a particularenvironment and all the living things thatare supported by it

Ex: pond, desert

Important: how the living parts of theecosystem relate to the nonliving parts


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Living things depend on the

environment

Pond:

Biotic factors: living parts

water, fish, plants in and around, animals feed on the plants,

fish feed on microorganisms in the water

Abiotic factors: nonliving parts

Air (carbon dioxide and oxygen), soil (nutrients), water,

sunlight


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Biotic factors interact with an

ecosystem

Living things depend upon an ecosystem, and also have an impact on the ecosystem

in which they live

Plants (biotic) affect biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems Biotic:

An important source of food help determine types of animals that can live there

Abiotic:

affect temperature by blocking sunlight

Roots hold soil in place

Photosynthesis - Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Animals (biotic) affect ecosystems

Ex: beaver builds a dam which changes the flow of a river and affects the surroundinglandscape

Ex: herds of cattle can overgraze a grassland causing soil erosion, and climate impacts

Ex: corals form giant reefs that provide food and shelter for marine organisms

Other examples?


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Many abiotic factors affect

ecosystems

Physical parts:

You can see or feel: temperature, rainfall, water level,

sunlight, etc.

Chemical parts:

Minerals and compounds in the soil and water

Fresh/salty water

Abiotic factors determine what organisms the

ecosystem will support


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Abiotic Factor: Temperature

Affects types of plants that will do will in an ecosystem,

which determines the types of animals that can live

there

Ex: Rainforest: temperatures affect the plants that cangrow and support a variety of monkeys, birds, and others

Ex: musk oxen have at hick coat of fur for survival in very

cold environments (-40F), water buffalo has a light coat

better for warmer temperatures


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Abiotic: Light Sunlight and temperature are related

Sunlight is also used for energy: photosynthesis

The food from plants supports almost all other living things on Earth

Strength and amount of sunlight are important Desert: cacti can survive where sunlight is strong

Forest: mosses and ferns do well with less light

Ocean Ecosystems: deeper water, less light

Photosynthesis only performed to the first hundred meters below thesurface


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Euphotic (or photic) zone- the depth of the water in a lake or ocean, that is exposed to sufficient

sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.


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Abiotic: Soil

Soil: mixture of small rock and

minerals

Organisms in the soil can breakdown the remains of dead plantsand animals

This decay provides important rawmaterials to living plants andanimals

Soil types vary and affect plantgrowth Lots of decaying, or organic,

matter: holds water well and allowsair to reach plant roots

Sandy soil holds water poorly

Clay soil: small packed particles,does not aerate well

Minerals


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Abiotic: Water

All living things need water to carry out lifeprocesses

Plants need water for photosynthesis

Animals need water to digest food and releaseenergy stored in the food

Desert Oasis: forms when underground watercomes to the surface

Ecosystesm with lots of water can support a largenumber of different types of plants, which in turn

support a variety of types of animals Rainforest vs desert

* the types and number of living things in a landecosystem will alwaysbe related to the amountof fresh water available for its inhabitants


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Solar radiation

One of the most important factors that influences

plants development is the solar radiation

intercepted by the crop. The solar radiation brings

energy to the metabolic process of the plants. Theprincipal process is the photosynthetic

assimilation that makes synthesize vegetal

components from water, CO2 and the light energy

possible. A part of this, energy is used in the

evaporation process inside the different organs ofthe plants, and also in the transpiration through

the stomas.


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Solar radiation of the earth.


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Moisture


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Moisture

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Factorii Ce Influenteaza cresterea plantelor