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Budi Santoso, dr Bagian Fisiologi dan Fisika Medik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Faal Digestif

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Page 1: Faal Digestif

Budi Santoso, dr

Bagian Fisiologi dan Fisika MedikFakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Sriwijaya

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TIUDescribe the overall role of GI system :DigestionAbsorptionSecretionExcretion

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TIKDescribe the anatomical structure of GI system

from mouth to anus Identify the main organs and accessory organs.Describe digestion in mouth, stomach, and

intestineDescribe absorption in stomach and intestineDescribe secretion in GI tractDescribe excretion waste product from GI tractExplain the regulation GI with other system

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Main organsMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestineAnus

• Acessorius organs

– Salivary gland– Teeth & tongue– Liver & bile– Pancreas– Intestinal gland

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Pola gerak saluran cerna Peristaltik

Gerak propulsif (mendorong) Seperti memerah susu sapi

Otot sirkuler berkontraksi sec urut Mixing

Gerak mencampur Seperti mengocok kantong

Otot sirkuler berkontraksi sec segmental

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MASTIKASI (mengunyah) Digesti mekanik pada mulut

DIGLUSI (menelan) faring

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Fungsi mastikasiMempermudah digesti makanan berseratMencegah kerusakan tractus GIMempermudah pengosongan makanan dari

lambung

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Refleks menelan: Volunter Faringeal 6 detik, napas (-) Esofageal 8-10”

gerak peristaltik

Pusat menelan : pons

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Digesti mekanik oesophagus

2-4 cm/detik

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Fungsi gaster Penyimpanan

1,5 l, udara?? Pencampuran Pengosongan

makanan

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makanan

DistensiGaster

Refleks kontraksi

mixing-mulai: korpus antrum- 3x/mnt Sekresi HCl + makanan

kimus

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Gerak peristaltik sfingter pilorus Faktor yg memperlambat pengosongan

makanan:Kimus kentalKimus asam refleks enterogastrik Kimus berlemak memacu enterogatronEfek kolesistokininKimus yang masih banyak di duodenum

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Usus halus1. Kontraksi segmentasi/mixing utama2. Kontraksi propulsi/peristaltik

Usus besar1. Haustrasi (~segmentasi)2. Mass movement 1-3x/hari, 20 cm

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Greater Omentum- fatty apron.

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Kelenjar saliva Gaster Hepar Pankreas Intestinum Seluruh lapisan tractus GI

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MukusDisekresi sepanjang tractus GIFungsi

Pelumas makanan Proteksi dinding saluran

Enzim Disekresi organ tertentu (gaster, pankreas)Fungsi

Katalisator zat nutrisi

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Organ:Kelenjar parotisKelenjar

submandibulaKelenjar

sublingual

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KomposisiAirMukusPtialin/amilase saliva : digesti tepungBikarbonat : netralisir asamLisozim : anti bakteri

Pusat pengaturanNc. Salivatory di batang otakMakanan berbau/terlihat/terasa ENAK

Saliva meningkat makanan mudah ditelan

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KomposisiMukusHClPepsinogenRenin Intrinsic factorGastrinSomatostatin

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Renin : digesti casein Intrinsic factor : membantu absorbsi B12

pada usus halus Gastrin : mengatur sekresi gaster Somatostatin : inhibitor gastrin

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Mukus (kelenjar Brunner) Enzim

Sukrase, laktase, amilase digesti CHOPeptidase digesti proteinLipase intestinal digesti lemak

HormonKolesitokinin memacu sekresi heparPankreozimin pankreasEnterokinin usus halus

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KomposisiAmilase pankreatic CHOTripsin proteinKimotripsinLipase Pankreatik lemakBikarbonat netralisir asam

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Enzyme Zymogen ActivatorAction

Trypsin Trypsinogen EnterokinaseCleaves internal

peptide bondsChymotrypsin Chymotrypsinogen Trypsin

Cleaves internal peptide bonds

Elastase Proelastase TrypsinCleaves internal

peptide bondsCarboxypeptidase Procarboxypeptidase Trypsin

Cleaves last amino acid from carboxyl-terminal end of polypeptide

Phospholipase Prophospholipase TrypsinCleaves fatty

acids from phospholipids such as lecithin

Lipase None NoneCleaves fatty

acids from glycerolAmylase None None

Digests starch to maltose and short chains of glucose molecules

Cholesterolesterase None NoneReleases

cholesterol from its bonds with other molecules

Ribonuclease None NoneCleaves RNA to

form short chainsDeoxyribonuclease None None

Cleaves DNA to form short chains

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Sekresi garam empeduCampuran kolestrol + bilirubin

Fungsi:Bersifat detergen: menurunkan tegangan

permukaan air-lemakMembantu lipase untuk digesti lemak

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All absorbed nutrients are sent to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.

500 functions to the liverStorage of iron and fat-soluble

vitamins (A, D, E, K).Carbohidrate & lipid metabolismProtein synthesisBlood detoxificationRegulation of blood cholesterol;

bile production

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Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS

Hepatocytes arranged in lobules Sinusoids in between

hepatocytes are blood-filled spaces

Kupffer cells phagocytize microbes & foreign matter

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Tidak ada enzim Hanya mukus Bakteri >>

produksi vit. KFeses menjadi bauMengurai komponen empedu feses

menjadi coklat

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Function of GI Digestion; Mechanical and

chemical break down of organic material into small molecules.

Absorption; Uptake of fluids, small molecules, and ions by epithelial cells lining the lumen.

Secretion; The release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes by cells and accessory organs into the lumen.

Defecation; Elimination of indigestible substances, bacteria, cells, and digested materials through the anus.

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1. Molar2. Gaster3. Anus4. Vesica felea5. Duodenum6. Colon

descenden7. Pancreas8. Vena porta9. Faring10. Apendix

Absorbsi Digesti Mastikasi Transportasi Diglusi Sekresi Ekskresi Defekasi ………

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Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran Guyton edisi 8