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Extracting Monomers. Crude oil extracted from the ground is complex and full of a variety of hydrocarbon structure. Crude oil refineries sort the different hydrocarbons by size, structure, and weight. Large hydrocarbons can be broken down into more useful “pieces.”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Extracting Monomers Crude oil extracted from the ground
is complex and full of a variety of hydrocarbon structure.
Crude oil refineries sort the different hydrocarbons by size, structure, and weight.
Large hydrocarbons can be broken down into more useful “pieces.”
Examples of HCs in Crude Oil
All of these are hydrocarbons, bonded together in various structures.
Which of these can you name?
How important is oil to our economy?
Top 10 Companies worldwide:Exxon MobilWal-Mart StoresRoyal Dutch ShellBPGeneral MotorsChevronDaimlerChryslerToyota MotorFord MotorConocoPhillips
How many are oil companies? What do the others sell?
What’s in our gas prices?
What are “polymers”?
A polymer is a large molecule that is created when monomers are joined together. A
monomer is a single unit that is used to build a polymer. Polymers may be naturally
occurring or man-made (synthetic).
Polymerization
Straight Chained Polymer
(made up of one type of monomer)
Spaghetti-like structure of straight chain polymers. Coils lead to entanglement (stiffness).
Branched Chain Polymer
Branching reduces the density and increases the flexibility of a polymer.
Branching creates more flexibility; less rigid plastic
Low density polyethylene has more branches, so it cannot be packed as closely as in linear, high density polyethylene.
Cross Linked Polymers
Cross-linking increases stiffness and strength of a polymer.
Vulcanizing Rubber to make it more flexible, tougher and temperature resistant and involves adding Sulfur atoms to create
cross-links.
Properties of Polymers Properties are determined by the
structure of the molecules and depend on:-type of monomers used-chain length-branching-degree of cross-linking
Branching and Cross-links affect strength
DIRECTION OF INCREASING STRENGTH
Polymer Structure
Branched, Cross-linked or Linear?
Natural and Synthetic Polymers
Some Natural Polymers in Food… Gelatin in gummi worms and gummi
bears are made from natural polymers!
Bubble gum contains styrene butadiene rubber!
Carbohydrates (starches) and proteins are examples of natural polymers!
natural polymers
Polymers are everywhere!!!
Polymers at the movies…. Nylon carpet, polyester and acrylic seats, polyester curtains, nylon screen, polyester film strip, waxy polyethylene popcorn tub, starch in popcorn, polystyrene cups, plastic M&M bag, protein in hotdogs, gelatin in gummy bears, paraffin in Junior Mints, sticky stuff on the floor made of soda, butter, Skittles, Milk Duds and more…