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Extinction Cultures:. Art Ethics Biodiversity. Charles Willson Peale (1741 – 1827), “The Artist in His Museum” (1822). American Incognitum. Charles Willson Peale, “The Artist in His Museum” (1822). Extinction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Extinction Cultures:Art
Ethics
Biodiversity
Charles Willson Peale (1741 – 1827), “The Artist in His Museum” (1822)
Charles Willson Peale, “The Artist in His Museum” (1822)
American Incognitum
Extinction1796 paper showed that
living & fossil elephants were distinct species (not linear descent)
Thus: extinction is real
“All of these facts, consistent among themselves, and not opposed by any report, seem to me to prove the existence of a world previous to ours, destroyed by some kind of catastrophe.”
Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832)
Charles Willson Peale, “The Artist in His Museum” (1822)
Mastodon
Bald Eagle
Wild Turkey
Portraits
Charles Willson Peale, “The Artist in His Museum” (1822)
Biodiversity
Extinction
Biodiversity
Extinction
Climate Change
Biodiversity
Extinction
Climate Change
Human Population Growth
Biodiversity
Extinction
Climate Change
Human Population Growth
Invasive Species
Habitat Degradation & Fragmentation
Biodiversity
Extinction
Climate Change
Human Population Growth
Invasive Species
Habitat Degradation & Fragmentation
Over-exploitation & Monoculture
Biodiversity
Extinction
Climate Change
Human Population Growth
Invasive Species
Habitat Degradation & Fragmentation
Over-exploitation & Monoculture
Culture
BiodiversityFrom mid-1980’s
BiodiversityCoined by Walter G.
Rosen (National Research Council)
National Forum on BioDiversity (Washington, D.C. Sept 21-24 1986)
Biodiversity“In 1988, biodiversity
did not appear as a keyword in Biological Abstracts, and biological diversity appeared once.
In 1993, biodiversity appeared seventy-two times, and biological diversity nineteen times.
David Takacs, The Idea of Biodiversity (1996: 39)
BiodiversityU.N. Convention on
Biological Diversity signed at Earth Summit (Rio 1992)
BiodiversityU.N. Convention on
Biological Diversity signed at Earth Summit (Rio 1992)
International Year of Biodiversity (2010)
Decade of Biodiversity (2011-2020)
BiodiversityKey concept for
emerging field of conservation biology
“Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction” (Wikipedia)
BiodiversityKey concept for
emerging field of conservation biology
“Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction” (Wikipedia)
“A discipline with a deadline” (Michael Soulé)
BiodiversityCore task = calculation
of number of existing species & rates/risks of extinction
BiodiversityCore task = calculation
of number of existing species & rates/risks of extinction
No. of species? Ca. 1.8 million known 5 – 10 million?
BiodiversityCore task = calculation of
number of existing species & rates/risks of extinction
No. of species? Ca. 1.8 million known 5 – 10 million?
E.O. Wilson (1993) estimated loss of more than “30,000 species/year – 3 every hour
BiodiversityCore task = calculation of
number of existing species & rates/risks of extinction
No. of species? Ca. 1.8 million known 5 – 10 million?
E.O. Wilson (1993) estimated loss of more than “30,000 species/year – 3 every hour
Wilson (2002): 30 – 50% of all living species may be lost by 2100
Biodiversity“Each specimen in a
museum is a data set of useful information.”
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, “Museums, Research
Collections and the Biodiversity Challenge” in
Biodiversity II (1997)
ExtinctionSpecies loss
comparable to “mass extinction events” from fossil record
Extinction“Hope is a duty from
which paleontologists are exempt” (David Quammen, “Planet of Weeds”)
Extinction“Hope is a duty from
which paleontologists are exempt” (David Quammen, “Planet of Weeds”)
99% of all species that have ever existed are extinct
ExtinctionThe extinction crisis
—the race to save the composition, structure, and organization of biodiversity as it exists today—is over, and we have lost.
--Stephen M. Meyer (2006)
ExtinctionBeing distracted and self-
absorbed, as is our nature, we have not yet fully understood what we are doing. But future generations, with endless time to reflect, will understand it all, and in painful detail. As awareness grows, so will their sense of loss. There will be thousands of ivory-billed woodpeckers to think about in the centuries and millennia to come. (Wilson 2002:5)
Isabella Kirkland“Taxa (Gone)”
Maya Lin, “What Is Missing?” website/project“My last memorial”
Companion Species?“How can food security
for everybody (not just for the rich, who can forget how important cheap and abundant food is) and multispecies coflourishing be linked in practice? … Much collaborative and inventive work is underway on these matters, if only we take touch seriously” (Donna Haraway)
Companion Species?“I do long for an idiom
that considers multispecies flourishing outside the idiom and apparatus of “Saving the Endangered _________”
Species as “messmates”Not isolated, but
interrelatedHow to eat well
together?
ArtWorks for Change Traveling ExhibitField Museum May – Dec 2012