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Exploring Transportation. Where it started. Steam Engines. http://vulpeslibris.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/riverboat-the-evolution-of-a-television-series-and-the-steamboat-era-both-by-s-l-kotar-and-j-e-gessler/. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Exploring Transportation
Where it started
http://chuckmanchicagonostalgia.wordpress.com/2012/11/25/photo-chicago-train-chicago-st-paul-minneapolis-and-omaha-railroad-steam-engine-93-and-crew-early/photo-chicago-train-chicago-st-paul-minneapolis-and-omaha-railroad-steam-engine-93-and-crew-early/
Steam Engines
http://vulpeslibris.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/riverboat-the-evolution-of-a-television-series-and-the-steamboat-era-both-by-s-l-kotar-and-j-e-gessler/
And finally, modern technology
Internal Combustion Engine
Nikolaus August Otto, patent 1876 Part of nearly all private passenger vehicles Plentiful petroleum led to use of gasoline in the
engine Fuel mixed with air then injected Uses electric spark for explosion 250+ million cars now registered in U.S.
Diesel Engine
Rudolph Diesel, invented 1878 Another form of internal combustion engine Direct fuel injection No spark plug Fuel ignites at its flash point More efficient than gasoline engines of day
Current IC Engines
Thermal efficiency (26-34%) Mechanical efficiency (94%) Overall efficiency (20%) Emissions
• Particulate matter• NOx
• Sulfur oxides• Carbon monoxide• Carbon dioxide
Alternatives to Petroleum-based Fuels
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)• Cleaner, does not emit nitrogen and sulfur oxides, or all
the particulate matter• Still releases carbon dioxide
Hydrogen fuel cells (used at Vancouver Olympics)• Only emission is water vapor• Lots of energy required to generate hydrogen• Lack of infrastructure• Currently prohibitively expensive
Alternatives to Petroleum-based Fuels
LNG Fuel blends (Ethanol, biodiesel) Hybrid vehicles All Electric vehicles
For More Information
The NEED [email protected]
1-800-875-5029Energy Information Administration
U.S. Department of Energywww.eia.gov
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