Exploring the Religions of Our World

Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World

Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 ChristianityChristianityChapter 3 Chapter 3 ChristianityChristianity


BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground

manymanydenominationsdenominations

manymanydenominationsdenominations

manymanydoctrinesdoctrines

manymanydoctrinesdoctrines

ChristianityChristianityChristianityChristianity

same same core beliefscore beliefs

same same core beliefscore beliefs

manymanychurcheschurches

manymanychurcheschurches


HistoryHistory

Jesus of Nazareth: Jesus of Nazareth: birth was a fulfillment of Jewish prophecybirth was a fulfillment of Jewish prophecy was the long awaited Jewish Messiahwas the long awaited Jewish Messiah taught: the kingdom of God was at handtaught: the kingdom of God was at hand was publicly crucified for being an was publicly crucified for being an

insurrectionistinsurrectionist rose from the dead, changing the lives of his rose from the dead, changing the lives of his

followersfollowers

HistoryHistory

Jesus of Nazareth: Jesus of Nazareth: birth was a fulfillment of Jewish prophecybirth was a fulfillment of Jewish prophecy was the long awaited Jewish Messiahwas the long awaited Jewish Messiah taught: the kingdom of God was at handtaught: the kingdom of God was at hand was publicly crucified for being an was publicly crucified for being an

insurrectionistinsurrectionist rose from the dead, changing the lives of his rose from the dead, changing the lives of his

followersfollowers


Periods of Christian HistoryPeriods of Christian History Periods of Christian HistoryPeriods of Christian History

Page 83Page 83Page 83Page 83


HistoryHistory – two major and lasting divisions – two major and lasting divisions

1. The Great Schism (1054)1. The Great Schism (1054)

Contributing factors:Contributing factors: Constantine moved the capital to ByzantiumConstantine moved the capital to Byzantium Increased power of the bishop of RomeIncreased power of the bishop of Rome The spread of Islam in the EastThe spread of Islam in the East Differences in customs Differences in customs The The filioquefilioque controversy controversy

HistoryHistory – two major and lasting divisions – two major and lasting divisions

1. The Great Schism (1054)1. The Great Schism (1054)

Contributing factors:Contributing factors: Constantine moved the capital to ByzantiumConstantine moved the capital to Byzantium Increased power of the bishop of RomeIncreased power of the bishop of Rome The spread of Islam in the EastThe spread of Islam in the East Differences in customs Differences in customs The The filioquefilioque controversy controversy


HistoryHistory – two major and lasting divisions – two major and lasting divisions (continued)(continued)

2. The Protestant Reformation (1517)2. The Protestant Reformation (1517)

Contributing factors:Contributing factors: interference by kings in Church affairsinterference by kings in Church affairs cooperation between church and statecooperation between church and state growth of temporal power in the Western growth of temporal power in the Western

ChurchChurch the Avignon Papacythe Avignon Papacy Martin Luther posted his Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five ThesesNinety-Five Theses

HistoryHistory – two major and lasting divisions – two major and lasting divisions (continued)(continued)

2. The Protestant Reformation (1517)2. The Protestant Reformation (1517)

Contributing factors:Contributing factors: interference by kings in Church affairsinterference by kings in Church affairs cooperation between church and statecooperation between church and state growth of temporal power in the Western growth of temporal power in the Western

ChurchChurch the Avignon Papacythe Avignon Papacy Martin Luther posted his Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five ThesesNinety-Five Theses


Movements within ProtestantismMovements within Protestantism

FundamentalismFundamentalism – holds that what is written in the – holds that what is written in the Bible is to be understood in its most literal senseBible is to be understood in its most literal sense

EvangelicalismEvangelicalism – emphasizes a personal faith in Jesus – emphasizes a personal faith in Jesus Christ and the Bible as the sole religious authorityChrist and the Bible as the sole religious authority

PentecostalismPentecostalism – emphasizes the gifts of the Holy Spirit – emphasizes the gifts of the Holy Spirit

Movements within ProtestantismMovements within Protestantism

FundamentalismFundamentalism – holds that what is written in the – holds that what is written in the Bible is to be understood in its most literal senseBible is to be understood in its most literal sense

EvangelicalismEvangelicalism – emphasizes a personal faith in Jesus – emphasizes a personal faith in Jesus Christ and the Bible as the sole religious authorityChrist and the Bible as the sole religious authority

PentecostalismPentecostalism – emphasizes the gifts of the Holy Spirit – emphasizes the gifts of the Holy Spirit


Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures

The Christian Bible includes:The Christian Bible includes:

Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures

The Christian Bible includes:The Christian Bible includes:

TheTheChristianChristian

BibleBible

TheTheChristianChristian

BibleBible

TheTheHebrewHebrew

ScripturesScriptures

TheTheHebrewHebrew

ScripturesScriptures

TheTheNewNew

TestamentTestament

TheTheNewNew

TestamentTestament


Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)

To compose the sacred books, GodTo compose the sacred books, Godchose certain men who, all the whilechose certain men who, all the whilehe employed them in this task, madehe employed them in this task, made

full use of their own faculties andfull use of their own faculties andpowers so that, though he acted inpowers so that, though he acted inthem and by them, it was as truethem and by them, it was as true

authors that they consigned to writingauthors that they consigned to writingwhatever he wanted written, and no more.whatever he wanted written, and no more.

Dei Verbum no. 11Dei Verbum no. 11

To compose the sacred books, GodTo compose the sacred books, Godchose certain men who, all the whilechose certain men who, all the whilehe employed them in this task, madehe employed them in this task, made

full use of their own faculties andfull use of their own faculties andpowers so that, though he acted inpowers so that, though he acted inthem and by them, it was as truethem and by them, it was as true

authors that they consigned to writingauthors that they consigned to writingwhatever he wanted written, and no more.whatever he wanted written, and no more.

Dei Verbum no. 11Dei Verbum no. 11


Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)

TheTheNewNew

TestamentTestament

GospelsGospelsstories of thestories of thelife of Jesuslife of Jesus

GospelsGospelsstories of thestories of thelife of Jesuslife of Jesus

EpistlesEpistlesletters of the earlyletters of the early

Christian communitiesChristian communities

EpistlesEpistlesletters of the earlyletters of the early

Christian communitiesChristian communities

Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostleshistory of the earlyhistory of the early

Christian communities Christian communities

Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostleshistory of the earlyhistory of the early

Christian communities Christian communities

Book of RevelationBook of Revelationan apocalyptic workan apocalyptic work

Book of RevelationBook of Revelationan apocalyptic workan apocalyptic work


Christians Agree OnChristians Agree On The authoritative The authoritative

books in the New books in the New TestamentTestament

The thirty-nine books The thirty-nine books in the Old Testamentin the Old Testament

The Bible is the The Bible is the inspired word of Godinspired word of God

Christians Agree OnChristians Agree On The authoritative The authoritative

books in the New books in the New TestamentTestament

The thirty-nine books The thirty-nine books in the Old Testamentin the Old Testament

The Bible is the The Bible is the inspired word of Godinspired word of God

Christians Disagree OnChristians Disagree On The authoritative books in The authoritative books in

the Hebrew Bible: 39 vs. 46the Hebrew Bible: 39 vs. 46 The interpretation of the The interpretation of the

Bible: Magisterium vs. Bible: Magisterium vs. private/personalprivate/personal

The “Book of the Church” The “Book of the Church” vs. the “Church of the Book”vs. the “Church of the Book”

Scripture vs. Sacred Scripture vs. Sacred Tradition Tradition

Biblical inerrancyBiblical inerrancy

Christians Disagree OnChristians Disagree On The authoritative books in The authoritative books in

the Hebrew Bible: 39 vs. 46the Hebrew Bible: 39 vs. 46 The interpretation of the The interpretation of the

Bible: Magisterium vs. Bible: Magisterium vs. private/personalprivate/personal

The “Book of the Church” The “Book of the Church” vs. the “Church of the Book”vs. the “Church of the Book”

Scripture vs. Sacred Scripture vs. Sacred Tradition Tradition

Biblical inerrancyBiblical inerrancy


Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and PracticesCreed – articulates Christian beliefsCreed – articulates Christian beliefs

The Apostles’ Creed (c. AD 150)The Apostles’ Creed (c. AD 150)

Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and PracticesCreed – articulates Christian beliefsCreed – articulates Christian beliefs

The Apostles’ Creed (c. AD 150)The Apostles’ Creed (c. AD 150)

I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under the power of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended intoPontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended intohell; The third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into hell; The third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; from then heaven, sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; from then He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting.forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting.

I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under the power of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended intoPontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended intohell; The third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into hell; The third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; from then heaven, sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; from then He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting.forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting.


We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light true God from eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light true God from True God, begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father, through him all things True God, begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father, through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For ourpower of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For oursake he was he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. sake he was he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he ascended into On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son.Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son.With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken throughWith the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken throughthe prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledgethe prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledgeone baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.the life of the world to come.

We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, that is seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light true God from eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light true God from True God, begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father, through him all things True God, begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father, through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For ourpower of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For oursake he was he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. sake he was he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he ascended into On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son.Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son.With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken throughWith the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken throughthe prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledgethe prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledgeone baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.the life of the world to come.

Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued) (continued)The Nicean Creed (AD 325)The Nicean Creed (AD 325)

Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued) (continued)The Nicean Creed (AD 325)The Nicean Creed (AD 325)


Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued) (continued)Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued) (continued)

The TrinityThe Trinityone God in threeone God in three

divine personsdivine persons

The TrinityThe Trinityone God in threeone God in three

divine personsdivine persons

JesusJesussecond person of second person of

the Trinity;the Trinity;God in the fleshGod in the flesh

JesusJesussecond person of second person of

the Trinity;the Trinity;God in the fleshGod in the flesh

SinSinclosed the gatesclosed the gates

of heavenof heaven

SinSinclosed the gatesclosed the gates

of heavenof heaven

RedemptionRedemptionGod chose to saveGod chose to save

humanity humanity through Jesusthrough Jesus

RedemptionRedemptionGod chose to saveGod chose to save

humanity humanity through Jesusthrough Jesus

The BibleThe Bibleoffers instructions offers instructions on Christian livingon Christian living

The BibleThe Bibleoffers instructions offers instructions on Christian livingon Christian living

The ChurchThe Churchthe “new Israel”the “new Israel”The ChurchThe Church

the “new Israel”the “new Israel”


Sacred TimesSacred TimesThe Liturgical CalendarThe Liturgical CalendarSacred TimesSacred TimesThe Liturgical CalendarThe Liturgical Calendar

Jesus:Jesus:life, death,life, death,

resurrectionresurrection

Jesus:Jesus:life, death,life, death,

resurrectionresurrection

AdventAdventAdventAdvent

ChristmasChristmasChristmasChristmasLentLentLentLent

EasterEasterEasterEaster

OrdinarOrdinaryy

TimeTime

OrdinarOrdinaryy

TimeTime


Sacred TimesSacred Times (continued)(continued)Sacred TimesSacred Times (continued)(continued)

SundaySundaya “little Easter”a “little Easter”

SacramentsSacramentsgiven by Christgiven by Christ

PrayerPrayerformal and formal and

informalinformal


Sacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred Spaces

Churches - where the community Churches - where the community comes together for worship and comes together for worship and fellowshipfellowship

Churches - where the community Churches - where the community comes together for worship and comes together for worship and fellowshipfellowship


Other Christian Denominations through a Catholic LensOther Christian Denominations through a Catholic Lens catholic catholic means “universal”means “universal”

The Catholic Church holds:The Catholic Church holds: the fullness of Christ’s bodythe fullness of Christ’s body the fullness of the means to salvationthe fullness of the means to salvation the fullness of faiththe fullness of faith the sacramentsthe sacraments the ordained ministry from the Apostles the ordained ministry from the Apostles universalityuniversality

Other Christian Denominations through a Catholic LensOther Christian Denominations through a Catholic Lens catholic catholic means “universal”means “universal”

The Catholic Church holds:The Catholic Church holds: the fullness of Christ’s bodythe fullness of Christ’s body the fullness of the means to salvationthe fullness of the means to salvation the fullness of faiththe fullness of faith the sacramentsthe sacraments the ordained ministry from the Apostles the ordained ministry from the Apostles universalityuniversality


sectsect denominationsdenominations doctrines doctrines MessiahMessiah blasphemy blasphemy ApostlesApostles GentileGentile CouncilCouncil EpistlesEpistles MartyrMartyr Patriarchates Patriarchates

sectsect denominationsdenominations doctrines doctrines MessiahMessiah blasphemy blasphemy ApostlesApostles GentileGentile CouncilCouncil EpistlesEpistles MartyrMartyr Patriarchates Patriarchates

PopePope CrusadesCrusades MagisteriumMagisterium TransubstantiationTransubstantiation rationalistsrationalists empiricistsempiricists ApocalypticApocalyptic CanonCanon HeresyHeresy Apocryphal Apocryphal ApologeticsApologetics

PopePope CrusadesCrusades MagisteriumMagisterium TransubstantiationTransubstantiation rationalistsrationalists empiricistsempiricists ApocalypticApocalyptic CanonCanon HeresyHeresy Apocryphal Apocryphal ApologeticsApologetics

IncarnationIncarnation Original sinOriginal sin ChurchChurch AdventAdvent EpiphanyEpiphany LentLent PentecostPentecost SacramentsSacraments IconsIcons Church FathersChurch Fathers InerrancyInerrancy

IncarnationIncarnation Original sinOriginal sin ChurchChurch AdventAdvent EpiphanyEpiphany LentLent PentecostPentecost SacramentsSacraments IconsIcons Church FathersChurch Fathers InerrancyInerrancy

VocabularyVocabularyVocabularyVocabulary

Documents

Exploring the Religions of Our World