Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole,
Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky click the camera to
begin
Slide 2
Welcome to the wonderful world of photography! After completing
this program you will be able to: Identify different types of
cameras Explain how these cameras are different Understand how the
cameras work
Slide 3
How to use this presentation Clicking this arrow will move you
forward This arrow will move you back to the previous page Clicking
the camera at anytime will take you to the main menu
Slide 4
Main Menu
Slide 5
Terms to Know We need to be familiar with common photographic
terms Click on the term to see the definition ApertureFocus
CameraLens ExposureShutter Film
Slide 6
Aperture The aperture is the size of the hole in the lens that
light may enter through. The size of the aperture is referred to as
the f-stop.
Slide 7
Lens The lens is the glass that collects and focuses the light
as it enters the camera. Click on the video below to quickly learn
about three different camera lenses!
Slide 8
Shutter The shutter is a set of curtains that opens to let
light into the camera. The speed these curtains open and close
determines how much light may enter the camera.
Slide 9
Exposure The exposure is the amount of light that enters the
camera and is collected by the film or sensor.
Slide 10
Film Film is a piece of plastic that is coated with emulsion.
Emulsion is light sensitive and records any light that hits
it.
Slide 11
Focus The focus is the sharpest and most defined area of a
photograph. The focus can be changed by adjusting the focal length
of the lens.
Slide 12
Camera A camera is a light proof box. This means no light can
get in! Within it is light sensitive film or a digital sensor that
reacts to the light let in by the shutter.
Slide 13
Pinhole Dissecting the camera. How it works. Different types.
Qualities of an image.
Slide 14
Pinhole Cameras A pinhole camera is a very basic camera. It has
no lens and only one aperture. Every pinhole camera is different
and as a result every pinhole image is too!
Slide 15
Dissecting the Camera A pinhole camera has three main parts:
1.The light tight chamber-most commonly a cardboard box 2.The image
plane-where the film is placed 3.The pinhole-where the light enters
the box
Slide 16
How it Works 1.The shutter is lifted and the pinhole is exposed
2.Light reflects off of the objects in front of the camera and
enters the pinhole 3.The light sensitive paper or film on the image
plane collects the light 4.The image is recorded upside down and
backwards on the film or paper 5.The shutter is placed over the
pinhole to prevent more light from entering
Slide 17
Camera Obscura Pinhole cameras were created based off of the
knowledge of camera obscura. Camera obscura is the term used to
describe the way light flips and the colors invert when it enters
through the pinhole. This is why film contains negative
images!
Slide 18
Camera Obscura Heres a fun fact: If you were to have a black
room with no light leaks and you cut a hole the size of a quarter
in one of the walls, the outside image would reflect onto the
opposite wall upside down and inverted!
Slide 19
Qualities of a Pinhole Image There are three main aspects of a
pinhole image: 1.Light Leaks 2.Overlap 3.Vignette
Slide 20
Light Leaks Light leaks occur when the camera is not
light-tight. Light enters the camera through seems or cracks and it
appears on the image as an over exposed mark. They may also occur
once the film is out of the camera if the film is not rolled
tightly.
Slide 21
Overlap Some pinhole cameras cause images to overlap. This
means that the film was not fully advanced after a frame was shot
so one frame lays partially on the other. This can also be called
double exposure.
Slide 22
Vignette The vignette of a photograph refers to the edges when
they are faded or blacked out. This occurs because of the edges of
the pinhole. It can also be done by exposing the sides of the film
when it is rolled up.
Slide 23
Types of Pinhole Cameras Because pinhole cameras are so simple
they can be made of almost anything! 2 of the most popular pinhole
cameras that can be bought are:
Slide 24
Now you will be asked a few questions about pinhole cameras For
this section simply click the answer you think is right!
Slide 25
Pinhole cameras are very technologically advanced.
TrueFalse
Slide 26
Sorry but thats not the correct answer. Remember, pinhole
cameras can be made out of a box! Click to go back and try
again
Slide 27
Correct! Pinhole cameras are very basic. Click to move to the
next question
Slide 28
When light enters through a small hole, the image is upside
down and inverted. This is called a.Light Inverno b.Camera Obscura
c.Image Obscura d.Light Flip
Slide 29
Im sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back
and try again
Slide 30
Im sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back
and try again
Slide 31
Im sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back
and try again
Slide 32
Correct! Camera obscura cause the image to invert when passing
through a tiny opening. Click to continue
Slide 33
Congrats! Youve completed pinhole cameras! Return to the main
menu to select a different camera!
Slide 34
Film Dissecting the camera. How it works. Different types.
Qualities of an image
Slide 35
Film Cameras A film camera exposes light to light sensitive
film in order to record an image. The film must then be developed
in order to see the images.
Slide 36
Dissecting the Camera
Slide 37
How it Works 1.Light enters the camera through the lens. 2.The
light is reflected off of a mirror system so the image can be shown
in the view finder. 3.The shutter released is pushed an the shutter
opens. 4.Light enters through the shutter and hits the film. 5.The
film collects the image. 6.The film advances to the next
frame.
Slide 38
Qualities of a Film Image There are 3 common qualities that can
be found in film images: 1.Noise 2.Highlights 3.Resolution
Slide 39
Noise If an image has noise this means it has random marks of
light or lack there of in what should be a smooth area. Sometimes
it adds to an image as an artistic effect, other times it can be
distracting.
Slide 40
Highlights The highlights of an image are the lightest areas of
the image. The highlights of film images are very similar to what
the human eye sees and as a result are very graceful.
Slide 41
Resolution Resolution describes the amount of detail/info held
in an image. Film photography dominates landscape photography
because of this. Digital cameras have a limited amount of memory
where as film does not. This means film can hold much more
detail.
Slide 42
Types of Film Cameras 35mm Medium Format Large Format
Slide 43
Now you will be asked a few questions about film cameras For
this section simply click the answer you think is correct!
Slide 44
Because film cameras are old they produce images that are poor
quality with very low resolution. TrueFalse
Slide 45
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Remember, film is used
for landscape photography! Click to go back and try again
Slide 46
Correct! Film has unlimited resolution! Click to continue
Slide 47
There are many different types of film cameras for many
different types of film TrueFalse
Slide 48
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 49
Correct! The three most common sizes of film are 35mm, medium
format, and large format. Click to continue
Slide 50
Congrats! Youve completed film cameras! Return to the main menu
to select a different camera!
Slide 51
Digital Dissecting the camera. How it works. Different types.
Qualities of an image
Slide 52
Digital Cameras Rather than storing images on film, a digital
camera stores images digitally. The images can be downloaded and
edited on computers very easily.
Slide 53
Dissecting the Camera
Slide 54
How it Works A digital camera operates very similarly to a film
camera 1.Light enters the camera through the lens. 2.The light is
reflected off of a mirror system so the image can be shown in the
view finder. 3.The shutter released is pushed an the shutter opens.
4.Light enters through the shutter and hits the sensor. 5.The
sensor collects the image and stores it on the digital memory
Slide 55
Qualities of a Digital Image There are two very distinct
aspects that you may see in some digital images: 1.Pixel
2.Zoom
Slide 56
Pixel Digital images are created by tiny squares called pixels.
The higher the pixel count the better the image. If an image has a
low resolution it has a low pixel count and the individual squares
will be visible.
Slide 57
Zoom There are two types of zoom, digital and optical. An
optical zoom changes the focal length of the lens where as a
digital zoom crops the image. Because the image is cropped the
pixels become visible.
Slide 58
Types of Digital Cameras Two of the most popular types of
digital cameras are: 1.Compact 2.SLR (Single Lens Reflector)
Slide 59
Compact Compact cameras are the most popular cameras. They are
very easy because they use an auto focus lens, auto exposure, and a
built in flash. All the user simply has to do is turn it on, point,
and shoot. This is why they are often called point and shoot
cameras!
Slide 60
SLR SLR stands for single-lens reflex. This type of camera uses
a mirror and prism system to reflect the light entering the lens to
the view finder allowing the photographer to see exactly what will
be captured. Although equipped with automatic settings the camera
is set up for everything to be manually operated.
Slide 61
Now you will be asked a few questions about digital cameras!
For this section simply click the answer you think is correct!
Slide 62
Digital cameras are easier to use because of todays technology.
True False
Slide 63
Correct! Digital cameras are much easier to use because of
advances in technology! Click to continue
Slide 64
Sorry that is not the correct answer, try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 65
Digital images are made up of tiny squares called A.Resolution
B.Pixels C.Pictorial Squares
Slide 66
Sorry that is not the correct answer. The resolution is the
size of the image which includes the amount of these tiny squares.
Click to go back and try again
Slide 67
Correct! The tiny squares are called pixels! Click to
continue
Slide 68
Sorry, pictorial squares is not the correct answer! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 69
Congrats! Youve completed digital cameras! Return to the main
menu to select a different camera!
Slide 70
Final Evaluation You will now be asked questions to evaluate
what youve just learned! You may return to the main menu at any
point by clicking the camera at the bottom of the screen! Are you
ready? Good luck!
Slide 71
Define exposure A.The amount of light that enters the camera
and is collected by the film or sensor B.The most illuminated parts
of an image. C.What the photographer sees in the viewfinder
Slide 72
Correct! The exposure is the amount of light collected for the
image. Click to continue
Slide 73
Sorry that is not correct. Try again! Click to go back and try
again
Slide 74
Sorry that is not correct. Try again! Click to go back and try
again
Slide 75
What is a shutter? A.The button pushed to take a picture. B.A
set of curtains that opens to let light enter the camera. C.The
circular piece placed on the lens to protect it from
scratches.
Slide 76
Sorry that is not correct. Try again! Click to go back and try
again
Slide 77
Correct! The shutter is a set of curtains that opens and closes
allowing light to hit the film or sensor. Click to continue
Slide 78
Sorry that is not correct. Try again! Click to go back and try
again
Slide 79
What type of camera is this? FilmPinholeDigital
Slide 80
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 81
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 82
Correct! This is a medium format film camera! Click to
continue
Slide 83
Which image is an example of double exposure?
Slide 84
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 85
Correct! One image was taken on top of another making it a
double exposure! Click to continue
Slide 86
The black, faded edges of this image is referred to as Pinhole
effectUnderexposureVignette
Slide 87
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 88
Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go
back and try again
Slide 89
Correct! The black faded edges are called vignette. Click to
continue
Slide 90
Congrats! Youve completed Exploring Photography: Cameras! Now
go and explore the world with your camera!
