Explanation of the Important Stanzas From Five Poets

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EXPLANATION OF THE IMPORTANT STANZAS FROM FIVE POETS1. Not blither is the mountain roeThat rises up like smoke.

Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

LucyGrayWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Lucywasalittlevillagegirl.Herfather,oneday,askedhertogototownandguidehermotherwiththelantern.Shewent,buttherecameastormandshelostherway.Herparentssearchedforherbutallinvain.Sincethatdaypeoplethinkthatsheisaliveandwandersinthevalley.

Explanation: InthegivenlinesthepoetdescribesthepleasuresandsportsofLucyGray.HecomparesLucywithamountaindeer.HesaysthatthejumpingandplayingofadeerarenotmorethanthatofLucy.Sheismorepleasedandplayfulthanthedeer.Thesnowdispersesinherfeetandthenrisesuplikesmoke.ThepoetryofWordsworthisfullofnaturalscenery.Heportraysrusticlifebeautifully.WordsworthiscalledthehighpriestofNature.Accordingtohim,Naturemakesasaddermanhappyandahappymanevenhappier.ThepoemLucyGrayisembodimentofsimplicityandinnocence,whichisbestportrayedinthecharacterofLucy.ThepoemdescribesnotonlytheNaturalscenerybutthesimplelifeandinnocenceofalittlerusticgirl.

2. StrangeFitsofPassionhaveIknown.Whatoncetomebefell.Reference: ThegivenlineshavebeentakenfromthefirstpoemoftheLucyPoems

Writtenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Thecontextindicatesthatthepoethascertainexperiencesoffeelingsthathehadwhilegoingtohisbelovedshome.Thesestrangeideas,hewishestotelltoonlyhisbeloved.

Explanation: Thepoetwantstosaythatonce,hehadcertainthoughtswhilehewasgoingtoLucyscottage.WhilehesawthemoonsettingbehindLucyscottage,hethoughtthesamemighthappentoLucy.Shemightdieandwhatwouldhappentohimifithappenedso.Thesewerethefitsofpassionthatbefelluponhim.

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TheLucypoemsarethecollectionofsimpleandinnocentfeelings.WordsworthishighpriestofNature.Naturehasauniqueinfluenceuponhim.TheLucyPoemsrefertohissisterDorothy.ThefirstpoemshowsthestrangefeelingsofseparationfromLucyifshedies.

3. Avioletbyamossystone.isshininginthesky.Reference:ThegivenlineshavebeentakenfromthefirstpoemoftheLucyPoems.

Writtenby:

WilliamWordsworthThisstanzaisfromthethirdpoem.

Context:ThepoetdescribesbeautyofLucyandherinnocence.Naturebroughtherupinitsownenvironment.Lucyisasolitarychild.Shehasnofriendandcompanion.Sheisverybeautifullikeafawn.

Explanation: Thegivenstanzaisthemostbeautifulinitsstructureandform.Thepoethasmadeuseofsimile.HecomparesLucywithavioletflowergrowingbesideamossystone.Theflowerishalfhiddenfromtheeyeandlooksverybeautiful.As,afloweroutofsightlooksverybeautifulwhensomeonecatchesitssight,Lucyhadnocompanionandshewasasolitarychild.ThusshewasmorebeautifulthananyotherobjectofNature.Shewaslikeastarshiningintheskywhenitisallaloneamongtheclouds.TheLucyPoemsareacollectionofsimplicityand innocent feelings.Wordsworth isahighpriestofNature.Naturehasauniqueinfluenceonhim.

4. Itravelledamongunknownmen..WhatloveIboretothee.Reference:

ThegivenlineshavebeentakenfromthethirdpoemoftheLucyPoemsWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext:ThepoetglorifieshiscountryEngland.HelovesEnglandbecausehisbelovedlivesinit.Lucyplayedinitslawnsandfields.Nooneknewher.Evensheisdeadnow,nooneknowsher.But,thedifferenceisonlytothepoet.

Explanation: Thepoetdescribes, in these lines,his love forhis country.He says,whenhe leftEnglandand travelledamongunknownpeople,hecametoknowhowmuchhelovedhiscountry.HislovetoEnglandisforhisbeloved.HesaysthathelovesEnglandbecauseLucyplayedinitsfieldsandmoors.InrelationtoLucy,Englandisnowdearertohimthanbefore.

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5. Threeyearsshegrewinsunandshower..andIwillmakealadyofmyown.Reference: ThisstanzahasbeentakenfromthefourthofLucyPoems

Writtenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: ThispoemrevealswhenLucywasthreeyearsold,Natureherselfownedher.Natureclaimedherasherbeloved.ObjectsofNaturewilllendtheircharacteristicstoLucy.Streamswilltakemurmurfromher.NaturesaidthatLucyandshewouldbeone.

Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetdepicts,whenLucywasthreeyearsoldNatureclaimedherlife.NaturesaidthatshewouldadoptLucyherself.Lucyshallbe itsbeloved.Lucywasthe loveliest flower intheworld.Thepoethasmadeuseofabeautifulbutsimplemetaphor.AdoptingLucyasNatures ladyshowsthatLucydied intheageofthreeyears. ItalsoexplainsthatLucyhadbeenbroughtupbyNatureitself.AlltheNaturalobjectstooktheirbeautyfromLucy.ThepoetdescribesthatwhenLucydiedshelefthimtothatquietscenealone.

6. Aslumberdidmyspiritseal.thetouchofearthlyyears.Reference: ThisstanzaistakenfromthefifthofLucyPoemsWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: ThispoemindicatestheconditionofthepoetafterLucysdeath.AfterLucy,thereisnocharminlifeforthepoet.HesaysthatnowLucydoesnotseenorhearsanything.

Explanation: ThepoetwantstodescribethatafterhearingaboutLucysdeath,adarknessdescendedonhisheartandthenhehadnohumanfears.Lucywasbeyondtheearthsdiurnalcourseandshecouldnotfeelthetouchofthatworldlyyears.

Prof.A.R.Somroo

M.A.English,M.A.Education

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7. NotinUtopia,subterranean.wefindourhappiness,ornotatall.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

TheFrenchRevolutionWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: TheFrenchRevolutionwasthemovementofliberty,fraternityandjustice.Alltheyoungandtheoldhaddesiredit.Itwasanewspirittohaveliberty.Eventhelazypeoplecontributedtoitssuccess.Allthepowersofswiftness,finenessandstrengthhadtheirpart.Thenationhadanopportunitytomouldtheirfateastheywished.

Explanation: ThepoetsaysthattheFrenchRevolutionwasnotamovementthattookplace insome imaginarystateorsomesecretplace.Ithappenedtohisownworldinwhichtheylive.Itistheworldofallofthem.Therevolutionwouldresultintheirsuccessordoom.WordsworthspoemTheFrenchRevolution istheonlypoemthathasaseparatefeelingdifferentfromhiscreedthat iseminentinhisotherpiecesofpoetry.IndifferenttoNature,inthispoem,thepoetdescribesthestruggleforliberty,justiceandfraternity.Although,intheend,WordsworthchangedhismindandfavouredtheantagonistpartyyethisideasareclearandfavouringthehumanspiritasitisclearinhispoemTheFrenchRevolution.

8. Oblithenewcomer.orbutawanderingvoice?Reference: TheselineshavebeentakenfromthePoem:

TotheCuckooWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: TheCuckooisthesymbolofpleasureandrejoice.Itsvoiceistheharbingerofspring.Thepoetlovesitmostandseeksitsresoundingvoiceinthevalleyandwoods.TheCuckoobirdisthedarlingofthespring.Thepoetremembershischildhoodbyitsvoice.

Explanation: TheCuckooisablessedbird.Thepoetsays,wheneverhehearsit,heispleased.ToWordsworth,theCuckooisnotjustabirdbutawanderingvoice.Inthispoem,thepoetofNaturehasbeautifullyportrayedtheCuckoo.DifferentobjectsofNatureareasourceofpleasureforhim.OneofthemistheCuckoobird.TheCuckooisafancytohim.Herecallshischildhoodashehearsitsvoice.

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WordsworthisahighpriestofNature.Hethinks,Naturehasahealingpower.Itmakesaworriedmanhappyandthehappy;evenhappier.Natureand itsobjects likemountains,valleys,birds ,animals,trees, riversandstreams,allareasourceofhappinesstoman.

9. Foroft,whenonmycouch.Anddanceswiththedaffodils.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

DaffodilsWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Thepoetoncesawalargenumberofdaffodilsgrowingalongalake.Theyweresonumerousinnumberthathesawtenthousandinaglance.Theywereflutteringintheair.Seeingthem,hewasverypleasedandhestillrememberstheminsolitude.

Explanation: Thepoetdescribesthatwheneverheliesinhisbedinpensiveandsadmood,herecallsthedaffodilsflutteringintheairalongthebayoflake.Inhismind,aflashbackofthatbeautifulsightfillstheatmospherewithrejoiceandpleasure.Thissightishisblissofsolitudeandloneliness.Recallingthenumerousbeautifulflowersdancingwithpleasurewiththewavesofthelake,hisheartisfilledwithpleasureanditstartsdancingwithjoy.

10. Dearchild,deargirlthatwalkestwithmeThynatureisnotthereforelessdivine.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem

ItisaBeauteousEveningWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext:ThepoetwantstosaythatNatureisholyandsacred.Anditproducesgentleness.Theadultsfeelitsbeautyandpurity.AlthoughchildrendonotunderstandandfeelNature,yettheirinnocenceisnotlesspure.

Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetdescribesthatthemorningischangedintoeveningwiththepassageofdayandtheeveningisverybeautifulandbold.He,beinganadultmayobviouslyfeelthebeautyofNature,buthislittlesisterDorothy,whoiswalkingwithhimdoesnotknowaboutserenityandcalmnessofNature.Althoughshedoesnotrealizeit,butherfeelingsarenotlessdivineandpurethanNatureitself.

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11. Theworldistoomuchwithus..LittleweseeinNaturethatisours.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

TheworldistoomuchwithusWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Weallwasteourpowerswithoutgivingthemany importance.Naturehasahealingpower.AllobjectsofNaturehavealessonformanbutwedonotponderoverthem.PoetwantstobeawayfromcivilizationtoobserveNaturedeeply.

Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetwantstosaythattheworldisalwayswithussoonerorlater.Wewasteourenergyintrivialandcommonplaceactivities.WedonotattendtoNaturethathasaninspirationforus.Wordsworth isahighpriestofNature.Hethinks,Naturehasahealingpower. Itmakesaworriedmanhappyandthehappy;evenhappier.Natureand itsobjects likemountains,valleys,birds ,animals,trees,riversandstreams,allareasourceofhappinesstoman.

12. EarthhasnotanythingtoshowmorefairThebeautyofthemorning;silent,bare.Reference: Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem:

SonnetLondonWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Atdawn,thesightofthecityofLondonisveryenchanting.Differentobjectsandbuildings,ships,towers,domes,theaterandchurches,allareglitteringinthepureair.Thesunismostbeautifullystoopingoverthevalleyandthewholecityisstillandsilentatthistimeofmorning.

Explanation: Inthegivenlines,thepoetdescribesthatontheearthnothingismorebeautifulthanthecityofLondon.Ifsomeonedoesnotattendtothebeautifulsightofthecityinthemorning,hissoulmaybedullandcareless.Thecityhasamajesticsightinthefreshairandseemsasitiswearinggarmentsofcalm,peaceandserenity.ItisamagnificentsighttoseethecityofLondonearlyinthemorning.

Prof.A.R.Somroo

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13. Andgiveusmanners,virtue,freedom.sodidstthoutravelonlifescommonway.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfrom:

SonnetWrittenby

WilliamWordsworthContext: Miltonshouldhavebeenlivingtoday.ThisdayEnglandneedshim.HehasdefendedEngland.PoetsaysMiltontocometothemagainandtoteachthemmanners.

Explanation: Inthese lines,thepoetsaysMiltontocometothemagainandteachthemvirtue,freedomandpower.ThepoetglorifiesMiltonandsaysthathewaslikeastarintheskyandasoundinthesea.Hewasaspureasheavens.Hispersonalitywasmagnificentandmajestic.Miltonslifewassimpleandhetravelledoncommonwaysoflife.Miltonwasnotonlyapoetbutapropagandistandpreacherofallthegreatvirtues.ItwereMiltonssonnetsthat inspiredWordsworthanditmaybeappropriatetoquotehere,.oneafternoonin1801,mysisterreadtomethesonnetsofMilton.Ihad longbeenwellacquaintedwiththem,but Iwasparticularlystruckonthatoccasionwiththedignifiedsimplicityandmajesticharmonythatrunsthroughmostofthem.Itookfire.

14. Whateverthetheme,themaidensang..longafteritwasheardnomore.Reference: Theselinearetakenfromthepoem:

SolitaryReaperWrittenby:

WilliamWordsworthContext: Thepoetsawarusticmaidenharvestinginthevalley.Shewassingingabeautifultone.Hervoicewasmorebeautifulthananightingale.Althoughnobodyknowswhatshewassinging,yetitexpressedhernaturalsorrow.

Explanation: Thepoetdescribesthathewaspassedbyawomanwhowasreapingalone.Shewassinginginaplaintivemoodasshebentoverhersickle.Herstrainsweretenderlymelancholyandfeltdeliciousevenlongaftertheywereheardnomore.Althoughthethemeofhersongisnotknownanditwasanendlesssongbutitcreatesthemusicinhisheartthatbearsinitafteralongtimeitheardnomore.Thebeautyofhersonghasthesameeffectthatsightofdaffodilshaddevelopedonceinthepoetsmind.Thememoryofdaffodilsmadehisheartrejoiceanddance.Sameisthecasewiththesongofthesolitaryreaper.Itbearsinhismindandhisfeelingsarefreshevenitislongbeforeitwasheard.

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15. Higherandhighereveryday..forheheardtheloudbassoon.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerWrittenby:

ColeridgeContext: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation: Theselinesshowtheancientmarinertellinghisstorytoaweddingguest.Hecharmedtheguestbyhiswillpower.HetoldhimthattheytravelledtotheSouthPoleandthusthesunrosehigherandhigheruptothemastatnoon.Duringthisstorytheweddingguestheardtheloudmusicbeingplayedinbrideshouseandthushebecameuneasyandhisheartthrobbedforhewantedtoattendthewedding.But,theoldmarinerhadanoverwhelmingtranceoverhim.Coleridgeisfamousforhissupernaturalisminpoetry.Heoftenmakesuseofhorror,myth,supernaturalobjectsandideasinhispoemsthatmakehimauniquepersonalityamongtheotherpoets.TheRimeoftheAncientMarineristhebestexampleofuseofsupernaturalismwithamorallessonforthereaders.16. Andthroughthedriftsthesnowy..theicewasallbetween.Reference:

Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner

Writtenby:Coleridge

Context: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation: Whiletellinghisstory,theoldmarinersaysthattheirshipthencame intowide,CalmOcean.In it,hugeicebergswerefloating.Therewassnowandiceallaround.Thesnowcrackedanditgaveahorriblegrowlingsound.Theysawnohumanbeing,evennotasingleanimaltheymetintheway.17. Herlipswerered,herlookswerefreewhothicksetmansbloodwithcold.

Reference:

Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner

Writtenby:Coleridge

Context: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.

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Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetdescribesthattheoldmarinertoldtotheweddingguestthatwhenspiritoftheoceanplaguedhim,allthecrewoftheshipalsosufferedthatpanic.Thespiritcameinthedisguiseofawoman.Herlipswerered,herhairwereasyellowasgold.Hereyeswereverybold.Thecolourofherskinwasaswhiteascausedbyleprosy.Shewaslikeahorribledreamoflifeindeath.Shewasasterribleascouldfreezemansbloodwithfear.

18. ThemovingmoonwentuptheskyandastarortwobesideReference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:


ColeridgeContext: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation: Intheselines,theoldmarinertellshisstorythatinhislonelinessandfixedness,hesawtowardsthejourneyingmoonandthestarsthatstillstayedthere,yetstillmovedonward.Andeverywheretheblueskybelongedtothem.Theyhadnothingtoseeanythingelse.

19. Thesillybucketsonthedeck..andwhenIawoke,itrained.

Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:


ColeridgeContext: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation:Theoldmariner,tellinghisstory,saidtotheweddingguestthataftergreatsufferingsofthirstandpain,hefainted.He,then,sawinhisdreamthatemptybucketsontheboardwerefilledwiththedewdrops.Heawokeandfoundthatitwasraining.

Prof.A.R.Somroo M.A.English,M.A.Education

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20. Likeone,thatonalonesomeroad.dothclosebehindhimtread.



ColeridgeContext: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation: Theoldmarinertoldtheweddingguestthatatlasthiscursewasexpiated.Thetwoevilspiritsthentalkedthemselvesthattheymustflyassoonastheywould,sothattheymightnotbelated.Whenthecharmoftheoldmarinerbroke,hesawtowardstheseaafarandfeltfrightened.Hewaslikesomeonewalkingonalonelyroadfilledwithhorroranddread.Andonceheturnedroundandwalkedforwardwithoutlookingbehind.Hisconditionwasasifsomefrightfulfiendwaswalkingbehindhimcloselyandchasinghimtokill.

21. Farewell,farewell!ButthisItellBothmanandbirdandbeast.



ColeridgeContext: Thepoettellsaboutthestoryofanoldmarinerwhowentonavoyagewithtwohundredmen.Therecameahailstorm.AnAlbatrosscameandtheyalltookitascauseofthestorm.Themarinershotthebird.Then,thespiritoftheoceangotoffendedandpunishedhim.Explanation: Theoldmarineraftertellinghisawfulstorytotheweddingguest,saysgoodbyetohimandadviseshimintheendthatalltheprayersandyearningofamanareacceptedbyGodonlyifhelovesallthecreaturesofGod.Therankofthepersonwholoveshisfellowmen,birdsandbeastisveryhighintheeyesofGod.AndheislovedbyGodonlywholovesHiscreatures.Thisistheepitomeofthelongandstrangetaletoldbytheoldmariner.Coleridgehassurprisinglygiventhismorallessontothereaders.ItisthepeculiarityofColeridgespoetrywhichshowsclearlythecauseofpleasuresofhumanbeingsliewithinthemselves.IfmanhasgoodwillandloveforthecreaturesofGod,heisnotonlypleasedandsatisfiedintheworldbutalsosuccessfulintheafterworld.

Prof.A.R.SomrooM.A.English,M.A.Education

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22. InXanadudidKublaKhan.Downtoasunlesssea.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

KublaKhanWrittenby:

ColeridgeContext: InthispoemthepoetdescribesthatKublaKhan,theemperorofChina,orderedtobuildabeautifulpalacenearthesacredriverAlphthatfallintoadeepocean.Thispalacecoveredanareaoftensquaremilesenfoldinggreenlands.AlongthebankofsacredriverAlph,KublaKhanheardhisancestorsprophesyingwar.Explanation: KublaKhanisadreampoem.Intheselines,thepoetdescribeshisdreamthathehadduringhissickness.Whenhecameintosensesoutoftheeffectsofdrug,hewroteitdownintoabeautifulpoem.Inhisdream,hesawKublaKhan,theemperorofChina,orderedtobuildapalaceneartheriverAlph.TheriverAlphranthroughcaveswherenomanhadaccessandthenitfellintothedeepocean.Thegivenpoem,KublaKhanisabeautifulblendofimageryandmetaphor.ThelocationofthepleasuredomeindicatestheabilityofColeridgetodrawlandscapethroughpowerofimaginationandcreativity.23. TheshadowofthedomeofpleasureAsunnypleasuredomewithcavesofice.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

KublaKhanWrittenby:Coleridge

Context: InthispoemthepoetdescribesthatKublaKhan,theemperorofChina,orderedtobuildabeautifulpalacenearthesacredriverAlphthatfallintoadeepocean.Thispalacecoveredanareaoftensquaremilesenfoldinggreenlands.AlongthebankofsacredriverAlph,KublaKhanheardhisancestorsprophesyingwar.Explanation: Inthegivenlines,thepoetdescribesthebeautyofpleasuredomethatKublaKhan,theemperorofChinahadorderedtobuild.Hesaysthattheshadowofthepleasuredomeseemedfloatingonthewaveswherenoiseofthehugefountain,fromwheretheriverran,fallintothedeepcaves.Itwasawonderfulmasterpieceofbuilding.Itwasapleasuredomefilledwithsunshinenearthecavesfullofice.

Prof.A.R.SomrooM.A.English,M.A.Education

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24. Tosuchadelighttwouldwinme..thatsunnydome!Thosecavesofice.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

KublaKhanWrittenby:Coleridge

Context: InthispoemthepoetdescribesthatKublaKhan,theemperorofChina,orderedtobuildabeautifulpalacenearthesacredriverAlphthatfallintoadeepocean.Thispalacecoveredanareaoftensquaremilesenfoldinggreenlands.AlongthebankofsacredriverAlph,KublaKhanheardhisancestorsprophesyingwar.Explanation: Thisstanzarelatesthesecondpartofthepoemand indicatespoetsdreamaboutanAbyssinianmaid,playingamountainsong.Inthegivenlines,thepoetsaysthatrecallingthebeautifulsymphonyplayedbythemaid,hewouldhavesuchadelightthatwiththeloudmusicofthatsymphonyhewouldbuildthepleasuredomeinhisimagination.ThepoetwantstosaythatinextremedelightofthatmusichewouldfeelasloftyasKublaKhanseekingpleasureinthepleasuredomeofsunnycavesofice.25. Agriefwithoutapang,void,darkanddear.inwords,orsighsortear.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

DejectionanOdeWrittenby:

ColeridgeContext: Astormisexpected.Itismidnight.Windisstormy.Cloudsarefloatinginthesky.But,thepoethasastrangefeeling.HeisnotmovedbyNature.HesaysthatNaturehasnohealingpower.Itcannotmakeanymanhappy.Theonlythingthathelpshimpleasingishisthoughtandinnerself.Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetwantstosaythatinthisstormynightwhilecloudsaregatheringovertheskyanditisrainingheavily, he has a griefwithout pain. This pain is very dark and gloomy but it is still precious to him. This pain isunimpassionedandhasastrangesleepiness.Ithasnonaturaloutletandreliefsuchaswords,sighsortearstomakethispainless.26. Mygenialspiritsfail.thepassionandthelife,whosefountainsarewithin.

Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

DejectionanOdeWrittenby:

ColeridgeContext: Astormisexpected.Itismidnight.Windisstormy.Cloudsarefloatinginthesky.But,thepoethasastrangefeeling.HeisnotmovedbyNature.HesaysthatNaturehasnohealingpower.Itcannotmakeanymanhappy.Theonlythingthathelpshimpleasingishisthoughtandinnerself.

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Explanation: Thepoetsaysthathiscreativeskillandpleasuresinlifehavegone.Anditisnousetolifttheheavyandsuffocatingweightfromhischest.Althoughhestill looks longinglytowardstheWestonthegreen lightsyet it isuselessstruggle.Naturecannothelphimtowinthegloriousbeautyoflife,hopeandemotionsbecausethesethingsareneverfoundinNature.Theirsourceisalwaysintheinnerselfofaman.So,iftheweatherisfineandcharming,itisofnousetohimbecausehisfeelingsaredejected,sadandworried.NothinginNaturecanmovehisworriedheart.

27. Thouhastliketomearockbuiltrefuge..Thatthoushouldstceasetobe.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

ToWordsworthWrittenby:

ShelleyContext: WordsworthwasagreatpoetofNature.HewastheapostleofNaturalbeauty.Hisideaswereinnocent,simpleandvirtuous.HewasanardentsupporteroftheFrenchRevolution.But,later,heacceptedroyalpensionandleftthemaximoftheFrenchRevolution.Tothis,ShelleywasmuchgrievedandhedeclaresintellectualdeathofWordsworth.Explanation: Intheselines,ShelleyaddressestoWordsworththathewaslikeadefensivefortressforfightingsoldiers.Hewrotesongsthatglorifiedtruthandliberty.Hewrotethesesongsinhonourofpoverty.But,Shelleysays,whenWordsworthaccepted royal pension and abandoned the French Revolution, he left Shelley tomourn alone and itwas equal toWordsworthsdeath.Thus,Shelley says thatWordsworthwhenabandonedhis faith,hewas likeadeadperson forShelley.Andthepoetmournshisintellectualdeathverymuch.BothShelleyandWordsworthwerethesupporteroftheFrenchRevolution.Inthebeginning,theybothwrotewithzealandzestinfavouroftherevolution.Butlateron,Wordsworthchangedhispoliticalviewsandfavouredtheroyalcourtagainsttherevolution.Inreturntohisservices,hegotroyalpension.Shelley,onthis,wasmuchgrievedthatWordsworthhadchangedhismind.Thus,hefeltasifWordsworthweredead.28. IweepforAdonaisheisdead.Anechoandalightuntoeternity!Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

AdonaisWrittenby:Shelley

Context: Keatsdiedoftuberculosisin1821.Shelleywasgreatlymovedbythedeathofthepooryoungpoet,especiallyashebelieveditwaspartlyduetothesavagereviewofhispoetry.Heatoncewrotethiselegy.Explanation: AdonaisisanelegywrittenonKeatsdeath.Itisafullpoemof55stanzasmodelledonancientGreekelegiesbyLordByronandMoschus.Theseancientpoetsusedthepastoralconvention,inwhichthepoetisrepresentedasshepherd.Shelleyfollowsthisstyle,bringingtheothershepherdpoets(Byron,MooreandShelleyhimself)topaytheirhomagetothedead.InthegivenlinesthepoetsaysthatheweepsforAdonais(meansKeats)becauseheisdead.HecomparesKeatswithAdonais,theGreekhunterprince.Healsosaystotheotherpoetstoweepforhim.Hesaysthemtoweepalthoughtheirtearscannotbreakthefrostofdeaththathascoveredthedearestone.Hesaystothatsadtimewhichisthesaddesthouroftheyearrousetheothercompanionstomournontheirloss.ThepoetsaysthatweshouldmournhisdeaththoughthecomingtimewillforgetthepasteventofKeatsdeathandhispoetry

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thatishisfateandpopularitywillbecomeanechoandalighttowardseternity.Hewillbecomeapartofeternitythatneverdies.29. Midstothersoflessnote..likeraginghounds,theirfatherandtheirprey.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:


Context: Keatsdiedoftuberculosisin1821.Shelleywasgreatlymovedbythedeathofthepooryoungpoet,especiallyashebelieveditwaspartlyduetothesavagereviewofhispoetry.Heatoncewrotethiselegy.Explanation: AdonaisisanelegywrittenonKeatsdeath.Itisafullpoemof55stanzasmodelledonancientGreekelegiesbyLordByronandMoschus.Theseancientpoetsusedthepastoralconvention,inwhichthepoetisrepresentedasshepherd.Shelleyfollowsthisstyle,bringingtheothershepherdpoets(Byron,MooreandShelleyhimself)topaytheirhomagetothedead.Inthegivenlines,thepoetwantstosaythatonKeatsdeathmanyotherpoetscametomournoverhisdeath.Amongthem,Shelleyhimselfwaspresentthere.Hewas likeaspiritamongthem.HesaysthatKeatshadnocompanion.Hisconditionwaslikealastcloudofstorm.Asthethunderofthelastcloudofbrokenstormbecomestheendofthestorm,Keatspoetrywasthemainreasonofhisdeath.ShelleycomparesKeatswithActeonwhosawArtemisnaked.ArtemisconvertedActeonintoastagandhewaskilledbyhisownhounds.KeatshadalsoseenthenakednessofNatureandhispoetrywascriticizedharshlybyhisfellowpoets.Thushisownpoetrycausedhisdeath.30. Peace,peace,heisnotdeadhopesswarmlikewormswithinourlivingclay.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:


Context: Keatsdiedoftuberculosisin1821.Shelleywasgreatlymovedbythedeathofthepooryoungpoet,especiallyashebelieveditwaspartlyduetothesavagereviewofhispoetry.Heatoncewrotethiselegy.Explanation: AdonaisisanelegywrittenonKeatsdeath.Itisafullpoemof55stanzasmodelledonancientGreekelegiesbyLordByronandMoschus.Theseancientpoetsusedthepastoralconvention,inwhichthepoetisrepresentedasshepherd.Shelleyfollowsthisstyle,bringingtheothershepherdpoets(Byron,MooreandShelleyhimself)topaytheirhomagetothedead.Shelley,intheselines,saysaboutKeatsthatheisnotdead.Hehasnotgonetoeternalslumber.Hehasawakenedfromthedreamoflife.Shelleysaysabouthimselfandtheotherpeoplethattheyarespiritslostinstormandaretryinguselesslyinamadtrance.Hesaysthattheyarelikecorpsesthatdecayinacharnelhouse.Fearofdeathandgriefdeformsthemdaybydayandmovethemtodeath.Andvainhopeswriggleandgatherinthem.But,Keatsisnowoutofgriefandfearofdeathbecausehehasbecomeeternalandnowheisoutofthisdiurnalcourse.AftermourningoverthedeathofKeats,ShelleychangesthemoodofthepoemasthewordsPeace,peaceshowthatheisnowcelebratingthepoetsimmortalityandeternity.

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31. HeismadeonewithNature.Sustainsitfrombeneath,andkindlesitabove.Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:


Context: Keatsdiedoftuberculosisin1821.Shelleywasgreatlymovedbythedeathofthepooryoungpoet,especiallyashebelieveditwaspartlyduetothesavagereviewofhispoetry.Heatoncewrotethiselegy.Explanation: AdonaisisanelegywrittenonKeatsdeath.Itisafullpoemof55stanzasmodelledonancientGreekelegiesbyLordByronandMoschus.Theseancientpoetsusedthepastoralconvention,inwhichthepoetisrepresentedasshepherd.Shelleyfollowsthisstyle,bringingtheothershepherdpoets(Byron,MooreandShelleyhimself)topaytheirhomagetothedead.Shelley, inthese lines,saysaboutKeatsthathe isnotdead.HehasbecomeapartofNature.Hisvoice isheard inallmelodies.Hisvoiceisheardinthundersandinsongsofnightbird.Hispresencecanbefeltinthedarkness,inthelightoftheday.HeisfoundinallobjectsofNaturesuchasherbsandstones.HeisdispersedbythepowerofNature.Theworldhasnevergivenhimlove.ThepowerofNatureonlysustainshimandalsoexciteshimtoreflectintheobjectsofNature.32. AndonthepedestalTheloneandlevelsandsstretchfaraway.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: Ozymandias

Writtenby:Shelley

Context:ThepoetmetatravelerwhotoldhimaboutOzymandiasRamesesII,overwhosetemplewaswritten,IamOzymandias,kingofkings.IfanyonewantstoknowhowgreatIwas,lethimseemyworks.Explanation: InthisstanzathepoetdescribestheruinsofthetombofRamesesII.InthesandstherelaysabrokenfigureofthekingOzymandias.Onthepedestalofthestatue,itwaswritten,MynameisOzymandias,whoisthekingofkings.Hisworksalthougharemightyandhugeyetdespairand frustrated.Now,nothing is leftamonghisworks.Onlyhisbroken statureremainsinsandthatremindshisempire.Thepoetwantstodescribethatonthisearth,nomancanhaveeternal life.Mightyandcruelkingsevenhadto leavethisworld.Onlytheirremainsremindtheirage.Nothinginthisworldhaseternallifeorthemightandpowerisnoteverlasting.ItmustdeclinewiththecourseofNature.


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33. Thouonwhosestream..Likehairupliftedfromthehead.Reference:Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: OdetotheWestWind Writtenby:

ShelleyContext: Thewestwindblowsawaydeadleaves.Theygrowagaininthespring.Thepoetwantstobelikedeadleavessothathemayhavereincarnationlikethedeadleaves.Oncehewasaszealousandswiftasthewestwind.Explanation: Intheselines,Shelleywantstosaythatwestwindsweepsawaydeadleavesonearth.Itcanalsosweepawaycloudsinthesky.Hesaysthatlighteningandrainalsospreadbythesurgingwestwind.TheyflyashairareupliftedfromtheheadofafierceMaenad.Shelley,inthispoemfirstlydescribescharacteristicsofthewestwindandthenfinallywishestobelikethattospreadhiswordsinthevastworldsameasthewestwindspreadsdeadleavesfromtheshoreandbanksofoceanandstreamstofaroffdistance.

34. IfIwereadeadleaf.thankthou,Ouncontrollable!Reference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: OdetotheWestWind

Writtenby:Shelley

Context: Thewestwindblowsawaydeadleaves.Theygrowagaininthespring.Thepoetwantstobelikedeadleavessothathemayhavereincarnationlikethedeadleaves.Oncehewasaszealousandswiftasthewestwind.Explanation:Shelleywantstosay,intheselines,ifhehadbeenadeadleaforaswiftlyflyingcloudorapowerfulwave,hewouldhaveastrengthandvigourlikethatofthewestwind.But,thisstrengthwouldbestilllessthanthatofthewestwind.Shelleywishestobelikethewestwindasheissomuchimpressedbyitsstrength,vigourandpowerofregeneration.

35. IseetheDeepsuntrampledfloor..starshowers,thrownReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

StanzaswrittenindejectionWrittenby:Shelley

Context: Shelleyisverysad.Itisnoon.Thewavesoftheoceanaresurging.Thesuniswarmandtheskyisclear,butthepoethasnohopeandpeaceofmind.Hehasgotnofameandhonour.Thushewantstolaydownonsandlikeachildandweepawaythecaresandsufferingsoflife.Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetwantstosaythatheisseeingtheflooroftheoceanthatiscoveredwithvariousseaweedsandsedge.Thewavesontheshorearesurgingandfoaming.Thebrightsunlightismixedinthesewavesanditseemslikestarsaredissolvedinthewhite,brightwaves.Hesaysthathesitsontheshorealongthewavesandiswatchingitsmovementandebbandtide.Itisnoonandlightisflashinginthewaves.Andarhythmicsoundarisesfromthewaves.Hesaysthathewishessomeonesharehisemotionsatthissadtimewhileheisdejected.

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36. WhenIhavefearsthatImayceasetobe..ThefullripenedgrainReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem:

SonnetWhenIhavefears.WrittenbyJohnKeats

Context: Thepoetisafraidofdyingsoonbeforecompilingmanybooksofpoetry.Hefearsthathewouldneverbeabletoseehisbelovedanymore.Hewantstowritesomanybooksbeforeheleavesthisworld.Explanation: WhenIhavefearsisoneofhisfamoussonnets.Intheselines,Keatswantstosaythatheisafraidofdyingbeforehewritessomanybooksonhisideasthatarefilledinhismind,andhispenwilltransferallhisfeelingsonpaper.Hewantstowriteasmanybooksasfillhisroom.Hewantstowritebooksthatfillhisroomasthegodownofgrain.Keats,inthispoem,seemshopelessandfearfulofleavingthisworldandhisbeautifulbelovedsoon.Hefeelsthatheisstandingaloneontheshoresoftheworld.

37. Iseealilyonthybrow..FastwitherthtooReference: Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem:

LaBelleDamesansMerciWrittenby:JohnKeats

Context: Thepoetmetanarmedknightinthejungle.Heaskedtheknightwhyhewaswanderingthereaimlesslyinwinter.Theknighttoldhimhowhemetabeautifulcruelladyinthejunglewhoenthralledhiminherlove.But,shewasfaithlessandlefthimaloneinthevalley.Sincethen,heisloiteringthere.Explanation: Thebeautiful ladywithoutanycompassion isastory, likeColeridgesChristabelbasedonan imaginaryearlyworldofromance.Itiswrittenintheballadstanza,withafootcutinthelastlinewhichgivesaneffectofmelancholysadnessappropriatetothetheme.Inthegivenlines,thepoetdescribesthesadandworriedconditionoftheknightatarms.Hesaysthattheknightsfacehasananguishandpain.Hisfaceislikeawitheringlily.Hischeeksarealsowitheringandwiltingquicklylikeadyingrose.KeatsLaBelleDamesansMerci isabeautifulmasterpieceofpoetry.It issomewhatsymbolicandbaseduponmedievalrivalries.Keatsisveryimpressedbytheknightsandprincesofmedievalages.Also,hispoemshaveasensuoustouch.


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38. Shefoundmerootsofrelishsweet.Ilovetheetrue!Reference: Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem:

LaBelleDamesansMerciWrittenby:

JohnKeatsContext: Thepoetmetanarmedknightinthejungle.Heaskedtheknightwhyhewaswanderingthereaimlesslyinwinter.Theknighttoldhimhowhemetabeautifulcruelladyinthejunglewhoenthralledhiminherlove.But,shewasfaithlessandlefthimaloneinthevalley.Sincethen,heisloiteringthere.Explanation: Intheselines,thepoetdescribestheknighttellinghisstory.Theknighttoldhimthatthebeautifulladygavehimsweetwildfruitandpurehoneytoeat.Then,shetoldhiminastrangelanguagethatshelovedhimtruly.KeatsLaBelleDamesansMerci isabeautifulmasterpieceofpoetry.It issomewhatsymbolicandbaseduponmedievalrivalries.Keatsisveryimpressedbytheknightsandprincesofmedievalages.Also,hispoemshaveasensuoustouch.

39. AndthisiswhyIsojournhere..AndnobirdssingReference: Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem:

LaBelleDamesansMerciWrittenby:

JohnKeatsContext: Thepoetmetanarmedknightinthejungle.Heaskedtheknightwhyhewaswanderingthereaimlesslyinwinter.Theknighttoldhimhowhemetabeautifulcruelladyinthejunglewhoenthralledhiminherlove.But,shewasfaithlessandlefthimaloneinthevalley.Sincethen,heisloiteringthere.Explanation: Theknightatarmscontinueshistaleandtellsthepoetthatbecauseof faithlessnessofthebeautiful lady,he isstayingtherealoneandwanderingwithpalefaceinthevalley,thoughthewildlakegrassiswitheredandnobirdssingbecauseofautumn.KeatsLaBelleDamesansMerci isabeautifulmasterpieceofpoetry.It issomewhatsymbolicandbaseduponmedievalrivalries.Keatsisveryimpressedbytheknightsandprincesofmedievalages.Also,hispoemshaveasensuoustouch.


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40. Athingofbeautyisajoyforeverandhealth,andquietbreathingReference: Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem:

EndymionundertheheadingofAThingofBeautyWrittenby:JohnKeats

Context: Thepoetthinksthatallbeautifulthingsareasourceofpermanentjoyandhappiness.Beauty is immortal.Sweetdreams,beautifultalesoflove,thesun,themoon.Talltrees,tenderplantsandsomanyotherbeautifulthingsgiveeverlastingjoytoman.Explanation: IntheselinesKeatswantstosaythatabeautifulthingalwaysprovidesjoy.Itsbeautyalwaysincreasesanditwillneverdie.Italwaysprovidesmanwithapeacefulshelterandgivesacalmsleepfullofbeautifuldreams,healthandpeacefulbreathing.KeatsEndymionwasanimmaturepieceofpoetryinfourbookspublishedin1818.Keatshimselfdescribeditasafeverishattemptratherthanadeedaccomplished.ItwasthesavageattackonthispoembysomereviewersthatwassaidtohaveaggravatedKeatsdisease.

41. St.AgnesEveAhAndsilentwastheflockinwoollyfoldReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: TheEveofSt.Agnes

Writtenby:JohnKeats

Context: AyoungladyMadeline,ontheeveofSt.Agnes,performedaparticularritetoseeherwouldbehusband.HerloverPorphyro,belongingtotherivaltribe,camethere.Theybothmetinherchamberandthenfledawaybeforedawn.Explanation: St.AgneswasaRomanvirgin,whosufferedmartyrdominthereignofDioclesian.Herparents,afewdaysbeforeherdecease,aresaidtohavehadavisionofher,surroundedbyangelsandattendedbyawhitelamb,whichafterwardsbecamesacredtoher.Thesuperstitionisthatbytakingcertainmeasuresofdivination,damselsmaygetasightoftheirfuturehusbandsindreams.Theordinaryprocessseemstohavebeenbyfasting.Intheselines,KeatshasalsomadeuseofthatparticularmythforwhichMadelineperformedherrite.AttheeventofSt.Agnesitwasbittercold.Eventhewildanimalslikeowlandhareswerealsotremblingwithcold.Itwassuchabitterchillasalltheflockweresleepingintheyardwearingtheirwoolyskinatnight.

Prof.A.R.Somroo


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42. HefollowdthroughalowlyarchedwayPalelatticd,chill,andsilentasatombReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: TheEveofSt.Agnes

Writtenby:JohnKeats

Context: AyoungladyMadeline,ontheeveofSt.Agnes,performedaparticularritetoseeherwouldbehusband.HerloverPorphyro,belongingtotherivaltribe,camethere.Theybothmetinherchamberandthenfledawaybeforedawn.Explanation: Inthegivenlines,KeatshasbeautifullyportrayedMadelineschamber.HesaysthatPorphyrofollowedoldAngelathroughanarrowarchedunderwaytowardsMadelineschamber.Thetunnelwasfullofcobwebthatbrushedagainsthishighfeatheredcap.Throughthatway,PorphyroreachedMadelineschamber.Herchamberwasfullofmoonlight.Itwasyellowishanditsroofwascrossedbybars.Herchamberwasverycoldandquietasatomb.

43. AcasementhighAshieldedscutcheonblushdwithbloodofqueensandkingsReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: TheEveofSt.Agnes

Writtenby:JohnKeats

Context: AyoungladyMadeline,ontheeveofSt.Agnes,performedaparticularritetoseeherwouldbehusband.HerloverPorphyro,belongingtotherivaltribe,camethere.Theybothmetinherchamberandthenfledawaybeforedawn.Explanation: Thisstanzaisthebestofthepoemforitsdepictionofvisualimagery.KeatshasveryskilfullyrepresentedthevisualsofMadelineschamber.Theselinesindicatethattherewasahugecupboardwiththreearchesinherroom.Itsbothsidesweredecoratedbycarvedpicturesoffruits,flowersandvines. Itspaneswereformedbyembeddeddiamonds. Itwasallpaintedandadornedwithnumerouscoloursasoftigermothssilkenwings.Inthemiddleoftheroom,therewasashieldedwardressstainedwithbloodofancientqueensandkings.Also,therewerenumerousimagesofsaintsandknightstoo.

Prof.A.R.Somroo


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44. Andtheyaregone..ForayeunsoughtforsleptamonghisashescoldReference: Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem: TheEveofSt.Agnes

Writtenby:JohnKeats

Context: AyoungladyMadeline,ontheeveofSt.Agnes,performedaparticularritetoseeherwouldbehusband.HerloverPorphyro,belongingtotherivaltribe,camethere.Theybothmetinherchamberandthenfledawaybeforedawn.Explanation: Inthisstanza,thepoetsaysthatintheendboththeloversfledawayfromthepalace.Manyyearshavepassed.Theybothranawayinthestorm.ThatnighttheBarondreamtofmanyworriedworriersintheformofwitchesanddevilsandhesaw many coffin worms. That night old Angela died and her face was deformed with panic. Also, the Beadsman aftercompletinghisthousandinvoking,slepthiseternalsleepoverhisashes. THE END

WRITTEN AND COMPOSED BY:

PROF. A.R. SOMROO M.A. ENGLISH, M.A. EDUCATION CELL: 03339971417

Documents

Explanation of the Important Stanzas From Five Poets