EUROPE – CulturesEUROPE – Cultures

©2012, TESCCCWorld Geography Unit 6, Lesson 3

Major Historical Periods of EuropeMajor Historical Periods of Europe

Ancient Greece and Rome (B.C.E. and Ancient Greece and Rome (B.C.E. and first four centuries A.D.)first four centuries A.D.)

Dark Ages (4th-10th century)Dark Ages (4th-10th century) Middle Ages (10th-14th century)Middle Ages (10th-14th century) Renaissance (15th and 16th century)Renaissance (15th and 16th century) Enlightenment (18th century)Enlightenment (18th century) Age of Conquests (15th-20th century)Age of Conquests (15th-20th century)

©2012, TESCCC

AGRARIAN REVOLUTIONAGRARIAN REVOLUTION

Began in Europe in the 1750sBegan in Europe in the 1750s Based on new agricultural innovationsBased on new agricultural innovations Enabled increased food productionEnabled increased food production Enabled sustained population increaseEnabled sustained population increase

©2012, TESCCC

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Developed in the UK between Developed in the UK between 1750-18501750-1850 Evolved from technical innovations that Evolved from technical innovations that

occurred in British industryoccurred in British industry Proved to be a major catalyst towards Proved to be a major catalyst towards

increased urbanizationincreased urbanization

©2012, TESCCC

Falling share of the world’s population

Fertility at an all-time low

Fewer young people

Smaller working age population

Immigration partially off-setting the decline

EUROPEEUROPE’’S CHANGING POPULATIONS CHANGING POPULATION

©2012, TESCCC

URBAN TRADITIONURBAN TRADITION

Urbanization – Urbanization – 73% of Europe is 73% of Europe is urbanized.urbanized.

Related conceptsRelated concepts– Primate cityPrimate city- largest city that encompasses - largest city that encompasses

the cultural idealsthe cultural ideals– CBDCBD- downtown (business and commerce)- downtown (business and commerce)– MetropolisMetropolis- terms used to describe central - terms used to describe central

city and suburbscity and suburbs

©2012, TESCCC

20th Century 20th Century Major Political EventsMajor Political Events

World War IWorld War I World War II and HolocaustWorld War II and Holocaust Cold War (primarily USSR)Cold War (primarily USSR) Decrease in Imperialism (primarily Decrease in Imperialism (primarily

British Empire)British Empire) Rise and Fall of CommunismRise and Fall of Communism

©2012, TESCCC

SupranationalismSupranationalism A venture involving A venture involving three or morethree or more nations nations Political, economic, and/or cultural Political, economic, and/or cultural

cooperation to promote shared objectivescooperation to promote shared objectives

New “Euro”Currency

©2012, TESCCC

European European Union (EU)Union (EU)

Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UKLuxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK

Established: 1992Established: 1992 Aimed to coordinate policy amongAimed to coordinate policy among the the

members in three ways: members in three ways: -- -- economicseconomics -- -- defensedefense-- -- justice and home affairsjustice and home affairs

©2012, TESCCC

SupranationalismSupranationalismProblemsProblems

Loss of autonomy and controlLoss of autonomy and control

Differences in levels of economic Differences in levels of economic developmentdevelopment

Cultural barriersCultural barriers

©2012, TESCCC

LanguagesLanguages

In Europe, there are about 50 different In Europe, there are about 50 different languages and more than 100 languages and more than 100 dialects,dialects, most of which belong to the Indo-most of which belong to the Indo-European European language familylanguage family

The The SlavicSlavic languages of eastern Europe, languages of eastern Europe, the the GermanicGermanic languages of northern languages of northern Europe, and the Europe, and the RomanceRomance languages of languages of southern Europe are Indo-European southern Europe are Indo-European languages.languages.

©2012, TESCCC

ReligionsReligions- Europe is predominantly Europe is predominantly ChristianChristian. . - Most of southern/western Europe’s Christians Most of southern/western Europe’s Christians

are are Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics, whereas most northern , whereas most northern European Christians are European Christians are ProtestantsProtestants. .

- In much of southeastern Europe, Eastern In much of southeastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox ChristiansOrthodox Christians predominate. predominate.

- Many Many MuslimsMuslims also live in southeastern also live in southeastern Europe (Turkish influence), and Europe (Turkish influence), and JewishJewish communities exist in all major European communities exist in all major European cities.cities.

©2012, TESCCC