Establishing and Managing Cloud Computing using VMware …ijens.org/Vol_16_I_05/160205-8383-IJECS-IJENS.pdf · · 2016-10-27The aim is to provide efficient solution for designing

International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol:16 No:05 19

160205-8383-IJECS-IJENS © October 2016 IJENS I J E N S

Abstract— Intense advancement of cloud computing during

the last years, convinced the experts to consider it as a proper and

favorable substitution for traditional computing methods.

Nowadays, many companies have moved their IT physical

architecture to cloud computing platform for ease in managing

and provisioning of different resources. In this paper a Cloud

Computing environment is created using a product suite of

VMware vSphere, which is based on two main parts: VMware

ESXi hypervisor for virtualization technology and both VMware

vSphere Client and Virtual Center (vCenter) for environment

management. The aim is to provide efficient solution for designing

and implementing an architecture of cloud computing.

Index Term— cloud computing, virtualization, hypervisor,

VMware vSphere.

I. INTRODUCTION

CLOUD computing is a modern technology that utilizes the

internet and central remote physical servers to use applications

and maintains data [1].

The exact definition of cloud computing that encompasses

all key aspects of cloud has been defined by NIST: “Cloud

computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing

resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and

services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with

minimal management effort or service provider

interaction.”[2].

Cloud computing allows users and enterprise to store and

use data, resources and applications without installation and

access their own files from any device that has network access

[1]. It minimizes the number of organization’s servers and

improves the exploitation of computing resources as it is based

on virtualization technology. Thus, 80% of resources

utilization can be reach up compared to 10-15% in traditional

IT through sharing the resources among multiple users.

Consequently, the cost of purchasing, maintaining the

resources, and managing servers and applications are reduced

significantly [3]. Other main services that are delivered to the

user are storage, processing, networking, and management

with easy setup and a rapid provision and release of computing

resources [4]. Therefore, users can access and use this system

with full scalability, high performance, consistency, and

relatively minimal expenditure solution compared to the

Zaid Sh. Bakr is currently pursuing master’s degree program in network

engineering at Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, E-mail:

[email protected].

M.F. Al-Gailani is a PhD Computer Engineer from Newcastle University,

UK, E-mail: [email protected].

devoted architecture [1].

In addition, the system increases the revenues of

organization by hosting user’s data. Noting that it can be used

either for a specific organization as a private cloud, or for

general users as a public cloud.

In general, the architecture of cloud computting consists of

four layers as shown in Fig. 1. These layers are categorized

according to the user access to the cloud environment. Cloud

Architecture describes the working mechanism, model

functions, and gives hierarchal view of cloud computing

technology. These layers are: [5]

1) Layer 1 (User/Client Layer): This is the front end and

lowest layer in the architecture. In this layer user/client

can establish a connection to the cloud environment from

any device through the web application.

2) Layer 2 (Network Layer): This layer permits the users to

start a connection to the cloud. The entire cloud

infrastructure is based on this layer where all services are

provided to the users through this layers. In the state of

public cloud this layer essentially is the internet, while in a

private cloud it may be provisioned by a LAN.

3) Layer 3 (Cloud Management Layer): This layer

constitutes collection of softwares that are used to

establish the cloud and manage the underlying resources.

In other words, these softwares can behave in two sides,

one as an interface between the underlying physical

resources and the user via network, and the other as a

resource management.

4) Layer 4 (Hardware Resource Layer): It represents the

back end that constitutes of providing the actual physical

resources. In public cloud, data center and hardware

resources are utilized in the back end side. While in a

private cloud, data center and hardware resources are

presented in a specific place or special configuration

system.

This layering architecture is firm, and for any application in

the cloud environment, it should be followed. However, there

is a small baggy isolation between the third and fourth layers

based on the model the cloud is published.

One of the prime functionalities of cloud computing is the

abstraction of the physical hardware implementation by hiding

the technical details from user. This feature is achieved by

virtualization technology [3].

Virtualization plays a substantial role in cloud computing, it

permits suitable level of isolation, security, customization and

manageability which are essential for on-demand services.

Virtualization technologies are mainly utilized to provide a

Establishing and Managing Cloud Computing

using VMware vSphere

Zaid Sh. Bakr and M.F. Al-Gailani



configurable cloud computing environment, in addition to

storage, and network [6].

Fig. 1. Cloud Architecture

Virtualization is an elementary mechanism for delivering

services. Without virtualization, cloud computing management

could be very difficult to achieve [7]. Cloud computing works

on a virtualized environment which is enabled by the

virtualization technologies. Cloud employs virtualization for

better exploitation of hardware resources [5].

The key operator for enabling virtualization in a cloud

environment is a hypervisor. Type-1 hypervisors (dubbed

native or bare metal hypervisor) are utilized in servers which

deal with intense load and need high level of security. This

type provides better efficiency than Type-2 hypervisors

(dubbed hosted or embedded hypervisor). While the main con

of Type-2 is whether the host OS defeats or crashes, which

leads VMs to crash. Thus, Type-2 is used only on user or

client systems in which efficiency is less important [5].

VMware provides a type-1 hypervisor called vSphere.

VMware vSphere is vastly used within companies to offer a

virtualized infrastructure [8]. VMware vSphere technology is

based on the notion of full virtualization, in which the

underlying physical hardware is simulated and provisioned to

the guest OS. Thus the guest OS can operate unaware of this

abstraction layers [6].

VMware vSphere is based on two main parts: VMware

ESXi server that represents a hypervisor which implements a

virtualization and permits many guest OS to make a single

physical hardware host shared among them, and VMware

vCenter server that represents the centralized management and

administration of the virtualized infrastructure [6].

There are problems in transferring service rapidly from

physical host to another, restarting the service, and failure to

update data in real time. To solve these problems, a hypervisor

such as VMware ESXi server is adopted because the VMware

vSphere offers a highest performance in comparison to other

virtualization technology [9].

VMware ESXi is a type-1 VMM, likes Xen but it operates

without based on the OS, thus providing enhanced security,

amplified reliability, and facilitated management. This is due

to its consolidate architecture which is designed to incorporate

directly into the host, as well as an ease and quick achieved for

deployment, installation, and configuration. In general,

VMware ESXi is a trust solution for cloud infrastructure [2].

The overall performance, which is provided by ESXi from

the factors of VM performance, memory management, high

availability, live migration, networking, storage, security, and

management features, is better than Xen and KVM hypervisors

[10].

II. RELATED WORK

Milos Pavlik et al., 2012 [11]: proposed a solution to

reduce the server outage by implementing Supervisory Control

and Data Acquisition/Human Machine Interface

(SCADA/HMI) systems over virtual infrastructure. The virtual

infrastructure achieved by VMware vSphere 5.0 platform that

required installation of ESXi, vCenter, High Availability

cluster and other requirements, which offers reliable, stabile,

and secure architecture to the accomplished systems.

Imran Ijaz et al., 2014 [12]: presented an idea to secure the

Cloud storage. The infrastructure of Cloud Computing that

used to provide storage and share data in an efficient way

among users in VM form, achieved by using VMware ESXi

Type-1 Hypervisor.

P. Nomnga et al., 2014 [13]: focused on Server

virtualization that implemented using VMware ESXi as a

hypervisor and vSphere client as a management node which

lead to host a domain. Also, consolidated the physical servers

of Computer Science Department \ Fort Hare University into

one physical server and provisioned virtual resources on

demand.

Ahmed and Prof. Dr. Ghassan, 2015 [14]: proposed a

Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) that was

built over a proposed Private Cloud model. Private Cloud

designed and implemented using two hosts and VMware ESXi

hypervisor. User can use HMIS in VM (IaaS) form via

vSphere client or vSphere web client.

III. CLOUD COMPUTING STRUCTURE

Cloud structure is not the same as cloud architecture. Cloud

architecture appears as a hierarchical structural that defines

and explains the technology which is based on it. Thus, cloud

structure is a portion of cloud architecture. Fig. 2 illustrates

the standard structure that represents the base for the cloud.

Cloud structure consists of five basic components [5]:

1) Application: This is the upper layer and over which any

applications are implemented via user or client.

2) Platform: This component is in charge of the execution of

the application.

3) Infrastructure: This layer comprises of resources that

make the other components operate. This offers

computational ability to the client.

4) Virtualization: It is the technique of creating logical

components of resources from the offered physical

resources to build the infrastructure. The logical

components can be isolated and independent.

5) Physical hardware: This is the underlying physical



resources that are provided by the server and storage

units.

Generally, to implement infrastructure, type-1 hypervisor

such as VMware ESXi server is chosen instead of type-2

hypervisor such as KVM, because type-1 can directly access to

the underlying physical hardwares such as server, storage, and

datacenter in order to provide virtual resources in form of

VMs, which are abstracted from the underlying physical

resources [5].

Fig. 2. Cloud Structure

IV. VIRTUALIZATION AND HYPERVISORS

Virtualization moves thinking from physical to logical, it

enhances IT physical resource consumption through

addressing organization’s hardware resources as pools from

which virtual hardware can be allocated and released.

Virtualization can consolidate physical resources like storage,

network, and processor into a virtualized environment. System

virtualization can produce many virtual machines stand on a

single physical hardware system. Virtual systems are

autonomous running environments that make use of virtual

resources. The benefits of virtualization are [15]:

• Consolidation scenario to reduce the cost of physical

hardware.

• Load Balancing to optimize the workloads.

• IT elasticity and responsiveness.

The virtualized environment consists of three main

components as illustrated in Fig. 3: [6]

• Guest (dubbed virtual machine (VM), virtual guest, and

guest system): represents the system (with a group of files,

storage, memory, operating system and configurable

components) that acts directly with the virtualization layer

instead of the Host

• Host: represents physical hardware that abstracts by the

virtualization layer.

• Virtualization layer (dubbed virtual machine monitor

(VMM) or Hypervisor): is in charge of creating the virtual

physical resources through software program to enable the

Guest to operate.

Two fundamental approaches of hardware virtualization as

illustrated in Fig. 4 [16]:

• Full virtualization: each VM operates on an accurate copy

of the actual physical hardware. This approach needs a

virtualizable architecture, thus the physical hardware is fully

offered to the guest OS by Hypervisor, which works

unchanged, and guarantees an efficient direct execution

process.

Fig. 3. Reference Model of Virtualization

• Paravirtualization, each VM operates on a partially

changed copy of the actual physical hardware. The purpose of

this changed is (i) some features of the hardware are not

possible to be virtualized; (ii) to enhance performance; and

(iii) to provide the simplest of interface.

System virtualization is universally achieved by hypervisor

technology; where hypervisors are firmware components

capable of virtualize hardware resources [15].

Diverse hypervisors need a set of software components to be

installed on the host server to present virtualization. Moreover,

different hypervisors at the same time afford different

functionalities for VM operating systems. Hypervisors are

generally classified into two types: [8]

Fig. 4. (a) Full virtualization. (b) Paravirtualization

Type-1 hypervisors commonly stand directly above the

barebones physical resource. Type-1 hypervisors behave as

operating systems (OS). This lets them to produce more

efficient consume of hardware system resources. Thus, cloud

environments are widely built using Type-1 hypervisors.



Type-2 hypervisors commonly stand above operating

system. The operating system takes control access to the

underlying physical resources. The hypervisor behaves as a

control firmware between the host OS and the guest OS.

Type-1 (such as VMware ESXi and Xen) and Type-2 such

as KVM are illustrated in Fig. 5[17].

Fig. 5. Hypervisor types

V. COMPONENTS TO BUILD CLOUD

INFRASTRUCTURE

Three main components are utilized to establish and manage

a Cloud Computing. These components are VMware ESXi,

VMware vCenter, and VMware vSphere client/web client,

which are combined in VMware vSphere as illustrated in Fig.

6.

Fig. 6. VMware vSphere Components Functionality

A. VMware ESXi

VMware ESXi is a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or

Type-1 Hypervisor that is constructed directly upon physical

hardware (Host). It offers the underlying physical hardware

and permits various virtual machines to utilize the same

resources [18].

B. VMware vCenter

vCenter Server is a controlling and managing software that

offers; ESXi host management, VM deployment and

management, tasks scheduling, managing for logging, alarms,

statistics, and events. [19]

VMware vCenter consists of four major components [17]:

1) Single sign-on: Called also SSO, manages the identity of

administrators and applications that work together with

the vSphere middleware.

2) vSphere web client: Offers web-based Interface for users

and administrators, which interacts with the vCenter and

objects that managed by it. From Figure 6, administrator

uses vSphere web client to access the hosts via the

vCenter server, where access cannot be done directly.

3) vCenter inventory service: This component caches the

managed objects for the vCenter when accessed through

the web client to enhance performance and reduces

searches for vCenter database.

4) vCenter server: This is the heart service of vCenter, which

is needed by the three other components. From Fig. 6,

administrator that access vCenter server via either

vSphere client or vSphere web client, can manage

multiple hosts at the same time in conflict to vSphere

client that manage only one host at a time.

Fig. 7 sounds the steps that occur once a user logs onto the

cloud using the vSphere Web Client [19]:

1) The vSphere Web Client offers a secure web page

interface to the user to log via web browser.

2) The username and password which are previously created

in AD server are sent to the SSO server as a SAML 2.0

token.

3) The SSO server sends a request to the Domain AD server

for authentication mechanism.

4) If authentication succeeds, SSO passes a SAML 2.0 token

to the vSphere Web Client.

5) This token is used to authenticate directly with the

vCenter.

Fig. 7. Authentication scenario

C. VMware vSphere Client

vSphere Client, nowadays frequently denoted as the legacy

client or C#, is a primary management software tool as a



window form (i.e. windows-based application) used to connect

directly and manage ESXi host with its local default account.

It does not need to access vCenter, so this is more convenient

once first time configuring host. Noting that host

troubleshooting, or problems are found in vCenter. However,

with windows-based vSphere Client, Single Sign On

authentication cannot be used. [20]

The vSphere Client offers a wealthy graphical user interface

(GUI) and can connect to vCenter Server through the

authentication of windows user. So, this leads to full

management capabilities such as vMotion that available only

with vCenter server. [19]

VI. METHOD AND PROCEDURE

A. Installing and Configuring VMware ESXi Interactively

--First, the minimum hardware requirements to install ESXi

server are: CPU; two cores, 64-bit, LAHF and SAHF

instructions, BIOS; NX/XD bit enabled, RAM; 4GB, NIC; one

Giga-bit, Boot Device; 1GB

--Second, installing ESXi via Interactive Mode

--Third, configuring ESXi via Interactive Mode

From Set Static IP address in ESXi host, the IPv4 address

and Default Gateway are set as shown in Fig. 8, then the

network configuration is tested and ensured, and the result is

appeared as shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.

Fig. 8 IP Configuration

Fig. 9 Testing: Ping Menu

Fig. 10. Test Management Network

B. Installing and Configuring VMware vCenter.

vCenter Server is a software package that operates as a

central management node for the ESXi hosts and their own

VMs. The VMware vCenter with its four main components are

illustrated in Fig. 11.

Fig. 11. VMware vCenter Server (simple Install)

--First, the essential requirements for installing vCenter

server are:

Hardware; CPU: two cores 2GH, 64-bit, RAM: 4GB, Hard

Disk: 100GB, and 40GB–60GB free after install, NIC: one

Gigabit.

Software; OS: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 r2 64-bit,

Database (DB) Server (such as oracle 10g R2, 11g R1 or 11g

R2, Microsoft SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2008 Express or 2008

R2), Microsoft .NET 3.5 and later, and Microsoft .NET

Framework 3.5 Language Pack.

Server provides Active Directory (AD) and Domain Name

System (DNS).

--Second, Installing and configuring AD and DNS

After AD Domain Services are installed, a new Domain

Controller (DC) is created as shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12. Domain Name

--Third, installing vCenter server components one by one as

shown above via Interactive Mode.

VMware vCenter 5.5 is installed after making vCenter

server a member of "sec-cloud.com" as shown in Fig. 13 and

Fig. 14.

Fig. 13. Domain Menu



Fig. 14. Prerequisites Check

During the installation, SSO authentication information is

set (password: Zaid@2015 for administrator account

([email protected]) as shown in Fig. 15, and

installed as shown Fig. 16.

Fig. 15. vCenter SSO Information

Fig. 16. Configure SSO Authentication

C. Installing vSphere client Interactively

vSphere client windows application is installed as shown in

Fig. 17 to make both users able to access and use their VM,

and administrator to manage and monitor cloud infrastructure.

Fig. 17. VMware vSphere Client

D. Network configuration

The network that represents the cloud is configured as

shown in Figure 18, and the specifications of each component

are described in Table I. Windows firewall must be turned off

to allow connection occurs among them, this achieves through:

Control Panel→ System and Security→ Windows Firewall→

Turn Windows Firewall on or off.

TABLE I

CLOUD COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION

Server name

Host1 Host2 vCenter AD

OS ESXI 5.5 ESXI 5.5 Windows

server 2008 R2

Windows server 2008

R2

CPU Intel Core

i7 Intel Core

i3 Intel Core

i5 Intel Core

i3

Storage 500G 500G 500G 100G

RAM 6G 6G 8G 4G

NIC Intel

Gigabit Atheros PCIe FE

Realtek PCIe FE

Realtek PCIe FE

IP address

192.168.1.102

192.168.1.103

192.168.1.101

192.168.1.100

Gateway 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1

DNS 192.168.1.1

00 192.168.1.1

00 192.168.1.1

00 127.0.0.1

Controller Node

vCenter Server

192.168.1.101

AD & DNS server

sec-cloud.com

192.168.1.100

Cisco SW

Host2

ESXi server

192.168.1.103

Host1

ESXi Server

192.168.1.102

MikroTik

Router

VM- user1

VM-user2

VM-user3

eth2

192.168.1.1eth4

192.168.2.1

client

Admin / user

vSphere Client

Fig. 18. Network Configuration

E. Managing the Cloud

Creating Virtual Infrastructure

Administrator either opens VMware vSphere client as

shown in Fig. 19 and enters the IP address: 192.168.1.101,

User name: [email protected], password:

Zaid@2015, or opens VMware vSphere Web client through

https:// 192.168.1.101: 9443/vsphere-client/, as shown in Fig.

20 and enters the User name: [email protected],

password: Zaid@2015. After that Datacenter is created as

shown in Fig. 21, Host1 and Host2 are added as shown in Fig.

22, and VM (IaaS) with its specification and OS are applied as

shown in Fig. 23.



Fig. 19. VMware vSphere client Administrator Log in

Fig. 20 VMware vSphere Web client Administrator Log in

Fig. 21. Create Datacenter

Fig. 22. Add Host Wizard

Fig. 23. Crate VM

Adding the users to cloud via AD server

To satisfy the SSO authentication, users’ accounts are

created in AD server as shown in Fig. 24.

Fig. 24. User logon info Menu

Assigning the permissions for users via vCenter server

To achieve authorization, administrator selects user from

Domain (SEC-CLOUD) as shown in Fig. 25, and chooses the

role and privileges that specify the permission as shown in Fig.

26. As a result, permission is appeared as shown in Fig. 27.

Fig. 25. Domain and Users Menu

Fig. 26. Assigned Role Menu

Fig. 27. Permissions Window

User logging in the Cloud

User accesses cloud either via vSphere client as shown in

Fig. 28, or vSphere Web client as shown in Fig. 29. As a

result, user can use VM as shown in Fig. 30.



Fig. 28. VMware vSphere client User Login

Fig. 29. VMware vSphere Web Client User Login

Fig. 30. User Window

VII. DISCUSSION

Cloud is designed and implemented using many types of

technologies that vary in the required components and the way

of configuring, implementing, and secure infrastructure.

VMware vSphere optimizes, monitors and manages IT

environments from VMs to the data center. The task of

designing and implementing of vSphere components are

daunting. However, establishing and managing virtual

infrastructure such as datacenter and VM are easier.

VMware vSphere 5.5 components such as vCenter and

ESXi need high resources to manage VMs efficiently. In

addition, when the number of running VMs are increased, the

resources (such as RAM and CPU) of vCenter and ESXi are

increased as well. In addition, different types of security built

in vSphere are configured such as SSO authentication using

AD to avoid insecure APIs and Cloud Abuse, and

authorization to assign roles and isolate cloud users.

VIII. CONCLUSION

This paper discusses and presents the cloud architecture,

cloud structure, and the notion of both hypervisor and

virtualization technology and their roles to build cloud

computing environment.

In addition, the research provides an efficient solution for

designing and implementing an architecture of cloud

computing environment in detail using VMware vSphere tools,

with its main parts: VMware ESXi hypervisor and VMware

vSphere Client with vCenter.

The VMware vSphere provides; enhanced security,

amplified reliability, facilitated management, and high

performance framework, as well as an on-demand utilization

of VMs (i.e. IaaS) to decrease the cost of having or renting

computers and servers. It is also used to supply storage,

networks, processing, and other computing resources. This is

due to its consolidate architecture which is designed to

incorporate directly into host, in addition to its ease and quick

achieved for deployment, installation, and configuration.

Accordingly, VMware vSphere can be considered as an

appropriate and a trust solution for establishing and managing

Cloud Computing.

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Establishing and Managing Cloud Computing using VMware …ijens.org/Vol_16_I_05/160205-8383-IJECS-IJENS.pdf · · 2016-10-27The aim is to provide efficient solution for designing