1. DSNV: Please extend the WOL in the Active Reading vocabulary box full length. SB 08/21/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. COMP: In the Inquiry Flipchart lozenge at bottom of page, the page ref./title is set in the wrong font. Please see revised template and ASP provided by TPS for this section. SB 08/21/12 - LW Completed 09/14

3. COMP: For the TEKS lozenge box at the top of the page, please follow the updated TPS templates to close up TEKS box N/S as needed to follow the ASP for 1, 2, or 3 lines of TEKS text. KLM 8/29/12 - LW Completed 09/14

4. DSNV: Don’t know what the “rules” are for this page, but you may be able to reduce the N/S dimension of the AR box. KLM 8/29/12; Since text on right was edited I was able to reduce depth of box -- rule is 1p from bottom line to rule. Thanks. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

5. File CED by QBS 10/2/12

6. Reviewed by ED SB 10.03.12

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Active ReadingActive Reading

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Essential Question

Lesson VocabularyList each term. As you learn about each one, make notes in the Interactive Glossary.

Signal Words: Cause and EffectSignal words show connections between ideas. Words signaling a cause include because and if. Words signaling an effect include so and thus. Active readers recall what they read because they are alert to signal words that identify causes and effects.

Find the answer to the following question in this lesson and record it here.

The picture shows a solar flare on the sun. How can solar flares affect you on Earth?

How Do the Sun, Earth, and Moon Differ?

5.8C demonstrate that Earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky 5.8D identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon

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Inquiry Flipchart p. 51 — Arching Paths/Our Shadowy Moon

1. DSNV: in the moon caption, please make caption text visible. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. DSNV: I have cut quite a few lines of text. The moon paragraph can be rebroken and fit into three lines if necessary. SB 08/22/12

3. DSN/COMP: GLOBAL: The “Images not to scale” label is locked to ED. Please insert a period at the end of the sentence in this and all spreads where it appears.” ED, OP 9/7; Unlocked and DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

4. DSN: See second to last bulley on the moon’s characteristcs list. after I edited the cap-tion main text in turned a line. ED, OP 9/7; FIXED. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

5. COMP/DNS: Anno moon model diameter should be 1/4 of the Earth diameter. If the Earth model’s diameter is 4 cm the moon model diameter should be 1 cm. Also please set the moon model over the the Earth’s diameter line. To show that it is in fact 1/4 its size. ED, OP 9/7; It was 1.031cm. Fixed and repositioned. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

6. COMP:/DSN Please make sure that when the blue circle in the interactivity is exactly 4 centimeters when printed, and that the pink anno circle is exactly 1centimeter when printed. SB 10.03.12; Edit: just to let you know that they were drawn numerically on page using the exact cm size. DSNV-cjn. 10.10.12

1. Editorial: per our discussion on email . . . this is the spread that is just overrun with overrun. Currently this is not an acceptable page but again, as we discussed I just kind of split the difference of getting everything on the page and styling per the rest of the lesson but with the expectation that you’ll be addressing some of the text issues. We can discuss while you’re reviewing. DSNV-cjn 8.14.12

2. Editorial: also remember that we had thought we might be able to get a 10-12 word caption on each close-up image -- There were not captions provided for in ms. Perhaps that’s a way to reduce some of the body text? DSNV-cjn 8.14.12

3. DSNV/COMP: Please set a 1 cm anno circle inside the model of Earth. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

4. DSVN/COMP: Please set the term “planet” in the sentence that starts “Earth is a planet, an object that ...” in italics. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

5. DSN: I changed the Active Reading (see below). Please set the basal text on a transpar-ency (opaque boxes) like thosee in the second spread to alllow students to see the marks. ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

6. COMP/DSN: In the Active Reading anno, please ital “like, unlike, lager, smaller” In the anno later, please delete current annos. Then set a box around the words “like “ left Col. 2nd parag. last sentence; and right Col. 2nd parag. last sentence.“larger than” rght Col. 1st parag. 2nd sentence; “unlike” right Col. 1st parag, 3rd Sentence; right Col. 2nd parag. 2nd sentenceED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

7. File CED by QBS 10/2/12

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You can’t help but notice that the sun and moon are very different from Earth and from each other. What makes them so different? Read on to find out!

Active ReadingActive Reading As you read this page, draw boxes around words or phrases that signal comparison, such as like, unlike, larger, and smaller.

Very Different Orbs

There are millions of kilometers between the sun, moon, and Earth.

Yet we feel heat from the sun and see the whitish color of the moon. These are direct evidence that these bodies are different from our planet.

Earth is often called the “blue planet” because most of its surface is covered by water. On the moon’s surface, water wouldn’t last long. Without a thick atmosphere like Earth’s, water on the moon would freeze or be lost to space.

The sun is a star, which is a huge, hot ball of gases that produces its own light. It’s about 109 times larger than Earth. Unlike Earth and the moon, the sun does not have a solid surface. Its atmosphere extends out millions of kilometers. From the sun’s surface, solar flares explode into space.

The moon is tiny when compared in size to the sun. Unlike Earth, its temperatures are scorching hot during the day and freezing cold at night. Like Earth, it has features such as mountains and flat plains.

EARTH

Earth is a planet, an object that moves around a star, has a nearly round shape, and has cleared its path of most debris. Its characteristics include:

• Diameter: 12,742 km• Structure: mainly rocky

layers, partly liquid core • Composition: mainly

iron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium

• Atmosphere: mainly nitrogen and oxygen

• Notable features: Lots of liquid water and diverse life forms

• Minimum surface temperature: -88 °C

• Maximum surface temperature: 58 °C

The green hue shows plant life that Earth’s waters help support.

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How Do They Compare?This circle is a model of Earth. It is 4 cm in diameter. Use a calculator and data on this page to find the diameter for a moon model. Would the moon model fit inside Earth’s model? If so, draw it in.

4 cm

SUN

The sun produces energy deep in its core. This energy makes the sun glow and provides Earth with heat and light.

• Diameter: 1,391,016 km • Structure: gaseous layers• Composition: hydrogen and helium • Atmosphere: hydrogen and helium• Notable surface features: sunspots,

solar flares• Average surface temperature: 5,500 °C

Solar flares can disrupt energy distribution systems on Earth.

Without water or wind, moon landforms do not change.

The moon is visible from Earth because it reflects light from the sun.

• Diameter: 3,475 km • Structure: rocky layers • Composition: mainly oxygen, silicon,

magnesium, and iron• Atmosphere: none• Notable surface features: craters,

mountains, plains

• Minimum surface temperature: –233 °C• Maximum surface temperature: 123 °C

The moon is visible from Earth because it

MOON

Images are not to scale.

Beyond the BookUse the information on these pages to construct a 3-ring Venn diagram to compare the physical characteristics of the sun, Earth, and moon. What makes each object unique?

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1. Editorial: I wasn’t expecting so much text that I had to put some on the recto page which I hadn’t originally planned for. I think I’ve got everything to work OK so that’s good but if you’d like to edit down at all, I wouldn’t object. Thanks, DSNV-cjn 8.14.12 Right, done. ED, OP 8/29

2. DSNV: The “dark” side of the moon and Earth shouldn’t be silo’d. They should be solid black. No stars visible through the bodies’ unlit side. Please remove the silo. Thanks. SB 08/21/12 REVISED, by OP 8/29; Ah, got it. Right. FIXED. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. COMP: Please place counter-clockwise anno arrows along the orbits of Earth and the moon in spec 138A. SB 08/22/12 - LW Completed 10/17

4. OCTAVIO: We reverted to lowercase “sun” and “moon”, but they are still capitalized in the art. Are you concerned? The only reason I ask is because the label on 135A is “Gravi-tational pull of Sun”. Were they only labels, as in 138A, I wouldn’t have a concern, but since it is a label on the art, I don’t know if we can change it at this point and time. SB 08/22/12 I’m not too concerned about caps on labels we can ask Span ED and fix on P1 post DSN review. OP 8/29

5. DSNV: Can we shift the moon slightly further left? SB 08/22/12; Is this enough? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

6. COMP: Please place counter-clockwise anno arrows along the orbits of Earth and the moon in spec 138A. See note #3 above. SB 10.03.12 - LW Completed 10/17

1. COMP: Please shift anno circle left to cover the word “because” SB 08/21/12

2. COMP/DSN: Please BOX the word “because” in both paragraphs. ED, OP 8/28; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. EDITORIAL: I’ve revisted the white body text on black sky because the AR requires students to draw lines/boxes, etc. and that’s impossible on a black background, no? I feel we would have a difficult time defending this at Stakeholders review. Hence the change. This included getting all the main body text on the verso page. I feel we really were going to get pushback on the drawing on black and I just can’t present a layout that doesn’t allow the student to do what we’re asking him/her. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 DSN: Even though there are precedents for interactivy on black background in other ediitions I understand your hesitation and support your decision. ED, OP 9/7

4. COMP/DSN please reset first anno boxes. In the left col. delete last anno box over “an or-bit”. In the right Col. 3rd line, please set box around “As a result” . In the last paragraph, set a box around the term “because”. ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

5. COMP: Spec #136 is not sized correctly so it is still imported at over 1,000%! As a result I cannot tell if it’s going to work on page as it’s horribly pixelated. Please fix. (I have placed a roughly correctly-sized version from my desktop. Once you resize the actual high res you should be able to replace it easily). DSNV-cjn 9.20.12 - LW Completed 10/18

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The moon moves around Earth as Earth moves around the sun. What keeps these objects from flying off in space?

Active ReadingActive Reading As you read these two pages, draw boxes around clue words that signal a cause.

The Sun-Earth-Moon System

What defines the unit of time we call a year? A year is the time it takes for

Earth to revolve, or go around, the sun. Any object that revolves around another object in space is called a satellite. Earth is a satellite of the sun. Because the moon revolves around Earth, it is a satellite of Earth.

The path one space object takes around another is called an orbit. It takes Earth

about 365 days to complete its orbit around the sun. The moon’s orbit is shorter than Earth’s. As a result, it takes the moon just 27 days to revolve once around Earth.

The Earth and moon motion around the sun is in part because of gravity. Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between all objects. Gravitational attraction between objects depends on two things: the distance between the objects and the masses of the objects.

Gravitational Pull The sun is about 330,000 times more massive than Earth. Its strong gravitational pull keeps all objects near it from flying off into space. Gravity also keeps the moon in its orbit around Earth. Gravitational pull decreases with distance.

Sun

The sun is about 330,000 times more massive than Earth. Its strong gravitational

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1. Editorial: I wasn’t expecting so much text that I had to put some on the recto page which I hadn’t originally planned for. I think I’ve got everything to work OK so that’s good but if you’d like to edit down at all, I wouldn’t object. Thanks, DSNV-cjn 8.14.12 Right, done. ED, OP 8/29

2. DSNV: The “dark” side of the moon and Earth shouldn’t be silo’d. They should be solid black. No stars visible through the bodies’ unlit side. Please remove the silo. Thanks. SB 08/21/12 REVISED, by OP 8/29; Ah, got it. Right. FIXED. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. COMP: Please place counter-clockwise anno arrows along the orbits of Earth and the moon in spec 138A. SB 08/22/12 - LW Completed 10/17

4. OCTAVIO: We reverted to lowercase “sun” and “moon”, but they are still capitalized in the art. Are you concerned? The only reason I ask is because the label on 135A is “Gravi-tational pull of Sun”. Were they only labels, as in 138A, I wouldn’t have a concern, but since it is a label on the art, I don’t know if we can change it at this point and time. SB 08/22/12 I’m not too concerned about caps on labels we can ask Span ED and fix on P1 post DSN review. OP 8/29

5. DSNV: Can we shift the moon slightly further left? SB 08/22/12; Is this enough? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

6. COMP: Please place counter-clockwise anno arrows along the orbits of Earth and the moon in spec 138A. See note #3 above. SB 10.03.12 - LW Completed 10/17

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Scientists have observed that every year the moon gets farther away from Earth. Predict what could happen if the moon gets too far away.

Orbits Earth revolves around the sun in a counterclockwise orbit. The moon also revolves in a counterclockwise orbit around Earth. Earth’s orbit around the sun is nearly circular in shape, with the sun nearly in the center of the circle.

Moon

Earth

Draw arrows to show how Earth revolves around the sun and the moon around Earth.

Images are not to scale. 437

1. DSNV: Please rebreak the text in the Day/Night Cycle box. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. COMP/DSN: Please set “P.M.” in the Day/Night diagram in lower case. Please label in the top drawing Earth’s axis. (red line) If space is an issue, delete the “sun never sets” label and arrow and replace wit Earth axis. This is okay since the it is also labeled in the bot-tom drawing. Thanks, ED, OP 8/29; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. DSN: Please separate the DTM from the Star Track picture. As is it gives the impression-that the picture is needed to answer the question. ED, OP 8/28; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

1. Editorial: The Active Reading anno asks to underline which will be a problem on a black background. . . . are there other options? If I have to put these on a lighter box I can do that (This would be for all the pages, I suppose). DSNV-cjn 8.14.12DSNV: We’re going to try to get away with it. I’d prefer to not have a box because it’ll in-terfer with the background. It only happens in 3 of our spreads. SB 08/22/12; See below.

2. DSNV: I think the captions inside the star-track photos are disctracting, can you please pull out. (see below, DSNV-cjn 9.4.12) Also I don’t know that the North Star will be identifliable in the photos. Can you “enhance” a star a the center of the track in the second picture, recto page, and then find the equivalent star in the recto picture and do the same? ED, OP 8/29; regarding north star “enhancement” -- does this work? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 The star needs to be in the center of the circle. The one right above the your dot should work. Any way we can make it a brighter white dot? SB 09/07/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

3. EDITORAL: I don’t have anywhere for the recto page caption to go . . . can we combine it with the verso page one? (I’m talking about the star trails captions.) DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 - Yes, this can be combined. SB 09/07/12 DESIGN: I have cut several lines of text from the day/night diagram caption. Please reset the caption for the star trail on the recto page: “This time-lapse... the night.” Also, on the Verso page, having the text box and the “Evidence of Rotation” boxes overal the way they do now looks odd. I’ve cut text in both boxes, can they now be separated? ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

4. EDITORIAL: I feel strongly that we can’t ask students to draw on a black background page. So I’ve gone ahead and made the change. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 This is fine. We have other spreads where it was done, but the boxes don’t detract from the spreads. SB 09/07/12

5. COMP/DSN: Please reset AR anno in the basal text. Underline 2nd parag. “or spins around on its axis”; “The axis is the imaginary line that goes through Earth from pole to pole.” ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

6. COMP: you were asked to extend the top background to fill the page. It is currently be-ing filled by just black on page but I can guarantee that in the photoshop file that area is not just black and hence there will be a visible line at high res pdf stage. Please fix. DSNV-cjn 9.20.12 - LW Completed 10/18

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Each morning, you see the sun appear to rise in the east. At first, the sun is low in

the sky. As the day goes on, it seems to move higher, cross the sky, and set in the west.

The sun is not actually moving. Instead, Earth rotates , or spins around its axis, once every 24 hours. The axis is the imaginary line that goes through Earth from pole to pole. The rotation of Earth around its axis also causes the moon and the stars to appear to move across the sky.

You’ve learned that Earth revolves around the sun. What other movement does Earth have?

Active ReadingActive Reading As you read these two pages, find and underline the definitions of rotates and axis.

Clear As Day and Night

The North Star does not seem to rise, set, or move across the sky.

Evidence of Rotation You can see evidence of Earth’s rotation if you look at the stars at night. The North Star is nearly directly above the North Pole. It does not appear to move as Earth rotates. It’s like the hub of a wheel—the stars around it seem to circle around the North Star.

North Star

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1. DSNV: Please rebreak the text in the Day/Night Cycle box. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. COMP/DSN: Please set “P.M.” in the Day/Night diagram in lower case. Please label in the top drawing Earth’s axis. (red line) If space is an issue, delete the “sun never sets” label and arrow and replace wit Earth axis. This is okay since the it is also labeled in the bot-tom drawing. Thanks, ED, OP 8/29; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. DSN: Please separate the DTM from the Star Track picture. As is it gives the impression-that the picture is needed to answer the question. ED, OP 8/28; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

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Day/Night Cycle The rotation of Earth around its axis causes day and night. Look at the diagrams on the right. At 12 a.m., Houston, Texas, faces away from the sun. The people who live there are most likely sleeping. However, Earth is constantly rotating. In the bottom diagram, it is 12 p.m. and Texas is facing the sun. People there may now be outside in the sunshine. While it is day in Texas, it is nighttime on the opposite side of the world.

As Earth rotates, one half of Earth experiences daylight while the other half is in darkness.

sun never

rises

sun never

rises

sun never sets

Earth’s axis

sun never sets

equal days and nights

equal days and nights

This time-lapse photo shows the circular path stars appear to take around the North Star throughout the night.

As Earth rotates, one half of Earth experiences daylight while

The rotation of

the other half is in darkness.

12 a.m. CST

12 p.m. CST

Earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation. It rotates at an average speed of 1,670 km/hour. Calculate Earth’s circumference at the equator based on its rotational speed. Show your work below.

Calculate CircumferenceNorth Star

Images are not to scale. 439

1. Editorial: Shouldn’t the anno for the interactivity be an actual drawing on page? I’ve put the text for it below. DSNV-cjn 8.14.12

2. COMP/DSN: In the anno layer for the interactivity, please set a drawing of the path of the sun on the diagram. The sun should be lower than in the spring/fall diagram, just about a charater higher than the building in the drawing. (Carol, if you were to take the “E” in the compass direction and stand it on the buidling, that is as high as the sun should be on its ach in the anno. Please make sure COMP does not set the sun directly above the building. It should rather be to the right of it, the same as in the other dia-grams, but of course lower.) ED, OP 8/29; Editorial, I’ve drawn the anno -- is this correct? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 We also need a long shadow anno for the buildings. SB 09/07/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12Great work, Carol. OP 9/7

3. COMP/DSN, Please fix crashing text with illustration on the Winter Solstice Caption. ED OP 8/29; DONE. DSNV-cnj 9.4.12

4. DSN: This page started to look crowded, I have cut a few lines of text on the Spring Equinox box. please close the box. Thanks, ED OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

5. COMP/DSN: Please insert revised art specs 148A, 149A, and 150A when these become available. ED, OP 10/4; revised high res have been placed but linked locally. Comp will have to relink. DSNV-cjn 10.10.12

6. COMP: please update the links on the revised high res art (148A, 149A, 150A). I have placed the new art but it is only linked locally. Just update link. DO NOT REPOSITION. DSNV-cjn 10.10.12 - LW Completed 10/24

1. DSNV: I removed a line of text in the Summer Solstice. Please fit caption box so it isn’t bumping into the Fall Equinox Earth if possible. Thx, SB 08/22/12 ED, OP 8/29

2. COMP/DSN: Please fix crashing line of text with caption border in the Fall Equinox box. ED, OP 8/29; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. DSN: Please resize Summer Solstice box, you gained a line. There was redundancy in the Equinox boxes (fall and spring).The recto page looked crowded, so I have cut text from there and made the content fit on the Fall equinox box. However I have one word of overset. can you please fix. Thanks, ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

4. OCTAVIO: Are the shadows for building for the Fall and Spring Equinox long enough? They look like they are the same length as the Summer Equinox one. SB 10.03.12

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During summer, Earth’s axis points toward the sun. The Northern Hemisphere’s summer solstice occurs June 20 or 21. It is the longest day of the year and marks the start of the summer season. Summer days are the longest and warmest. The noon sun is high in the sky, causing shadows to be short.

More Earth-Sun Interaction

Earth’s rotation around its axis causes night and day. What changes happen on Earth as it also revolves around the sun?

Active ReadingActive Reading As you read these two pages, draw a star next to what you think is the most important sentence. Be ready to explain your reasoning.

Look at the diagrams of Earth on these pages. Notice that

Earth’s axis is not straight up and down. Instead, it is tilted at a 23.5 degree angle. The

tilt of Earth’s axis as it revolves around the sun causes seasons. Seasons are short-term changes in

climate. Most places on Earth have four seasons: summer, fall, winter, and spring. Seasons happen

because different parts of Earth get different amounts of sunlight throughout the year. This

causes changes in temperature and length of day.

Summer Solstice

Fall Equinox

During fall and spring, Earth’s axis points neither away nor toward the sun. The fall equinox occurs September 22 or 23 in the Northern Hemisphere. This day marks the start of fall and has equal hours of day and night. In fall, daylight hours grow shorter and the noon sun’s height is lower than in summer.

Images are not to scale.440

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During winter, Earth’s axis points away from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere’s winter solstice occurs December 21 or 22. It is the shortest day of the year and marks the start of the winter season. Winterdays are the shortest and coldest of the year. The sun is never high in the sky.

Look at the diagrams of Earth on these pages. Notice that

Earth’s axis is not straight up and down. Instead, it is tilted at a 23.5 degree angle. The tilt

of Earth’s axis as it revolves around the sun causes seasons. Seasons are short-term changes in climate.

Most places on Earth have four seasons: summer, fall, winter, and spring. Seasons happen because

different parts of Earth get different amounts of sunlight throughout the year. This causes

changes in temperature and length of day.

To complete the model, draw the path of the sun as it appears to rise, cross the sky, and set during winter. Then draw the shadow cast by the building.

Spring Equinox

In the Northern Hemisphere, the spring equinox occurs March 20 or 21. In spring, the sun appears higher in the sky than it did in winter, daylight hours grow longer, and temperatures get warmer.

Earth’s Orbit

Winter Solstice

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1. Editorial: We had planned on having callouts instead of a block caption for this earth model. But the ms is a big caption. Can we break it out into captions? I can make a block caption work -- we’ve got the space but I like the callout approach better, personally. I’ve left the “FPO” captions/callouts on page AND added the as-written ms caption. Just tell me what we can/can’t do. Thanks. DSNV-cjn 8.14.12. Carol go with what you think works best design wise, I don’t object to any of the options you have presented, Of course the blue caption currently on the gutter won’t stay there, right? ED, OP 8/29; See below. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. OCTAVIO: I thought we were going to avoid going into a full discussion about how the pendulum worked... I tweaked the language in the caption in case we want to keep it, despite the reservations behind it. I just wanted to double check. SB 08/22/12 I think the pendulum discussion is general enough. ED, OP 8/29

3. DSNV/COMP: Pease rebreak last paragraph to resolve orphan. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

4. EDITORIAL: my point about the caption vs. callouts is . . . I would like to delete (not move) but delete the caption: “some computer models. . . . very deep valley?” Can I delete that? Have you rewritten the callout texts and body text so I can delete that cap-tion? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12DSNV: I missed your point before. I have adjusted the text accordingly. I have created some overset in the captions. I think we need a label/title for the Earth art. Please set title/label “Spinless Earth”. Thanks, ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

5. DES: Please reconcile overset in Spinless Earth caption. SB 10/04/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 10.10.12

1. COMP: you did not extend the top and bottom of the image to fully fill page. The background of this box should not be black (as I have to do here for the FPO so the type shows up). If left like this, when high res pdf is created there will be a line between the end of the image and the background as the colors will not match up as they appear to on screen. Please fix per original instructions. DSNV-cjn 9.20.12 - LW Completed 10/18

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How did scientists prove that Earth rotates? What would happen if this rotation stopped?

Why It Matters

Great minds such as Sir Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke tried

to prove that Earth rotates. In 1679, Newton wrote that objects dropped from a tall tower swerved slightly to the east. Why? By the time they hit the ground, he reasoned, Earth would have already rotated to the east.

For years, scientists tried to find evidence that Newton was correct. Yet the change in a falling object’s landing was too small to measure using the technology of the times. Finally, in 1851, a French scientist named Leon Foucault used a pendulum to show that Earth rotates. One of the great questions of science was answered!

The sun’s movement across the sky was once cited as empirical evidence of the sun’s revolution around Earth. New technology and additional observation was needed to demonstrate that Earth’s rotation was the cause of the sun’s apparent motion.

Explain why finding evidence supporting Newton’s hypothesis was difficult. Would an airplane have helped? Explain how.

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Why It MattersWhy It Matters

What ifEarth Didn’t Spin?

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1. Editorial: We had planned on having callouts instead of a block caption for this earth model. But the ms is a big caption. Can we break it out into captions? I can make a block caption work -- we’ve got the space but I like the callout approach better, personally. I’ve left the “FPO” captions/callouts on page AND added the as-written ms caption. Just tell me what we can/can’t do. Thanks. DSNV-cjn 8.14.12. Carol go with what you think works best design wise, I don’t object to any of the options you have presented, Of course the blue caption currently on the gutter won’t stay there, right? ED, OP 8/29; See below. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. OCTAVIO: I thought we were going to avoid going into a full discussion about how the pendulum worked... I tweaked the language in the caption in case we want to keep it, despite the reservations behind it. I just wanted to double check. SB 08/22/12 I think the pendulum discussion is general enough. ED, OP 8/29

3. DSNV/COMP: Pease rebreak last paragraph to resolve orphan. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

4. EDITORIAL: my point about the caption vs. callouts is . . . I would like to delete (not move) but delete the caption: “some computer models. . . . very deep valley?” Can I delete that? Have you rewritten the callout texts and body text so I can delete that cap-tion? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12DSNV: I missed your point before. I have adjusted the text accordingly. I have created some overset in the captions. I think we need a label/title for the Earth art. Please set title/label “Spinless Earth”. Thanks, ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

5. DES: Please reconcile overset in Spinless Earth caption. SB 10/04/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 10.10.12

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InDesign Notes1. This is a list

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In 1851, Foucault performed a public demonstration. He used a pendulum that was 60 meters long. Each swing of the pendulum followed a slightly different path, providing evidence that the floor—and Earth beneath it—was moving.

One huge continent would form along the equator.

Earth with No Rotation Some scientists wonder what would happen if Earth stopped rotating. Computer models show that Earth would be very different. In a spinless Earth, a single day and night cycle would last a whole year. For six months, half of Earth would be in daylight

and the other half would be in darkness. The sunlit side of Earth would be very hot!

Earth’s magnetic field, produced by its rotation, would disappear. This would allow more solar radiation to reach Earth’s surface, causing health problems. Luckily, Earth’s rotation shows no signs of stopping!

The ocean floor at the equator becomes a deep valley.

The oceans would move to the poles.

Part of North America, including the Great Lakes, would be swallowed up by the oceans.

Spinless Earth

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1. COMP: Please set the following terms in red:axis*orbit*revolves*rotates*

also add the “* Key Lesson Vocabulary” in red to the box using the correct style. SB 08/22/12 - LW Completed 09/14

2. DSNV/COMP: Please set the sa tellite anno on the WOL for number 10; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

1. COMP/DSNV: Please center all annos on WOLs. “atmosphere” should be on number 1, “rocky” should be on number 2. Changes were made in the sum-marize bix and some of the annos are no longer centered. SB 08/21/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. File CED by QBS 10/1/12

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Sum It Up!Sum It Up!

SummarizeSummarize

When you’re done, use the answer key to check and revise your work.

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Answer Key: 1. atmosphere 2. rocky 3. solar flares 4. wear away 5. rotates 6. sun 7. day or night 8. day or night 9. revolves or orbits 10. year 11. seasons 12. Gravity

Fill in the chart below to show how the sun and moon differ from Earth.

Fill in the missing words about the sun-Earth-moon system.

Earth 5. around its axis once every 24 hours. This movement of Earth makes

the moon, stars, and 6. appear to move across the sky. This movement also

causes the 7. and 8. cycle. Earth 9.

around the sun once every 365 days. The time it takes Earth to go once around the sun is called a

10. . Earth’s revolution and the tilt of its axis causes the 11.

to occur. 12. keeps the moon in its orbit around Earth and Earth in its orbit

around the sun.

Compare sun, Earth, and moon

Similarities to Earth Differences from Earth

sun The sun has a(n) 1.

that extends far into space.

The sun produces 3.

on its surface that

affect communications on Earth.

moon The moon has a(n) 2.

surface and features that include

mountains and plains.

Land features on the moon don’t

4. because

there is no liquid water on the

moon’s surface.

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1. COMP: Please set the following terms in red:axis*orbit*revolves*rotates*

also add the “* Key Lesson Vocabulary” in red to the box using the correct style. SB 08/22/12 - LW Completed 09/14

2. DSNV/COMP: Please set the sa tellite anno on the WOL for number 10; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

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InDesign Notes1. This is a list

Word Play

Name

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Use the words in the box to complete the puzzle. 1. has no solid surface and is made

up of helium and hydrogen

2. the spinning of Earth around its axis causes this cycle

3. keeps Earth and the moon in orbit around the sun

4. Earth does this around its axis

5. Earth does this around the sun

6. an object in space that moves around the sun, has a round shape, and has cleared its path of most debris

7. the imaginary line that goes through Earth from pole to pole

8. Earth’s path around the sun

9. short-term changes in climate caused by Earth’s movement around the sun

Read the letters going down the column with the red border. Use that word to complete the following riddle.

10. Sally Smith’s spaceship goes around and around Earth, so it is a .

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axis* day/night gravity orbit* planet revolves*

rotates* seasons star* Key Lesson Vocabulary

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1. DSNV/COMP: Please move annos for number 3 to fi t in the table. Please ensure that the cells are the same height. Please center the temperatures in their cells. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

2. DSNV/COMP: The anno boxes for # 3 and #5 are locked. Please unlock. SB 08/22/12; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.4.12

3. DSNV/COMP: Please set the following as the anno for#5 and remove two WOL lines:Daytime would last about 6 hours and nighttime would last about 6 hours.

This should change, along with the changes made in #3 should allow more space for the “Take It Home!” SB 08/22/12; The only issue now is there is no space for the students to actually draw in the sun’s path in #4. Could we put #2 and #4 side by side at the top and set #3 and 5 full width and stacked? DSNV-cjn 9.4.12 If needed for space, you may delete the moon art in item 3. ED, OP 9/7; DONE. DSNV-cjn 9.10.12

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Apply Concepts

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Suppose east is to the left of the drawing. Draw the apparent path of the winter sun across the sky.

The data table shows information gathered by students over a year. Examine and evaluate the information on the second and third columns to infer the season for each observation period.

Suppose Earth completes one rotation every 12 hours. How would this affect the cycle of day and night?

Think about the characteristics of the moon. What would you need to survive there?

Observation Period Shadows at Noon Average Temperature Season

1 getting shorter 18 °C

2 shortest 28 °C

3 getting longer 21 °C

4 longest 7 °C

On a sunny day, face north and put a stick in the ground. Observe the shadow cast by the stick. Observe how the shadow changes throughout the day. Explain how these changes are related to Earth’s rotation.

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