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EPA Revised National Ambient EPA Revised National Ambient EPA Revised National Ambient EPA Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ozone 2008(NAAQS) for Ozone 2008
1Baton rouge, Louisiana February 10, 2009
IntroductionIntroduction
Why are we so concerned about ozone?◦ What is ozone and how does it form?
Th Cl Ai A H d i h l h?◦ The Clean Air Act: How does it protect your health?
What is the new ozone standard and how does it affect Louisiana?affect Louisiana?◦ What are monitors and what do they tell us?◦ What are the impacts of the new standard? Timeline?
What are the next steps?◦ Control strategies and solutions both State & Federal◦ Voluntary Measures
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What is Ozone ?What is Ozone ?What is Ozone ?What is Ozone ?
Ozone is commonly referred to as smog.It is not emitted, but forms in the ,atmosphere under certain conditionsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOC) + Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) + Sunlight = OzoneI h d i i f i d In other words, emissions from industry + cars + human activities + nature + sunshine = ozonesunshine ozone
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Ozone: Good up high, Bad near byOzone: Good up high, Bad near byOzone: Good up high, Bad near byOzone: Good up high, Bad near by
In the stratosphere, ozone protects us from the
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p , psun’s harmful ultraviolet rays, but turns to smog in the troposphere.
Ozone FormationOzone FormationThis diagram depicts how ground-level g p gozone is formed.
5http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2205.htm
Louisiana NOx Emissions, 2006 typical tons/dayArea Nonroad Onroad Point Biogenics
6%8%
26%
42%
18%
Louisiana VOC Emissions, 2006 typical tons/dayArea Nonroad Onroad Point Biogenics
6% 4%3%
4% 3%
84%
THE CLEAN AIR ACT THE CLEAN AIR ACT THE CLEAN AIR ACT THE CLEAN AIR ACT AND HEALTHAND HEALTH
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
Requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 6 Criteria Pollutants;The 6 pollutants are: Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Particulate Matter and Sulfur Dioxide;, , ;Louisiana is in attainment of all NAAQS except Ozone;This discussion will focus on Ozone and the state’s
ibili h d dresponsibility to meet the standard;The goal of the CAA was to protect human health and welfare.
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Ozone and HealthOzone and HealthOzone and HealthOzone and HealthOzone can penetrate deep into the lungs and can:
M k i diffi l f l ki l i id b h d l ◦ Make it more difficult for people working or playing outside to breathe as deeply as possible
◦ Irritate airwaves, causing coughing, sore or scratchy throat, pain when taking a deep breath, and shortness of breath
◦ Increase in number of asthma attacks and use of asthma medications
◦ Inflammation and damage to the lining of the lungs by injuring the cells that line the air spaces in the lungs
◦ Increase susceptibility to respiratory infection
◦ Aggravate chronic lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema & bronchitis
Repeated episodes of ozone-induced inflamation may cause permanent changes in the lung, leading to long term health effects and a lower quality of life
Ozone may continue to cause lung damage even when symptoms have disappeared.
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Health Benefit Results Health Benefit Results Health Benefit Results Health Benefit Results In addition to the mortality benefits of reduced air pollution, the EPA estimates a standard of 0 075 ppm would prevent the following additional estimates a standard of 0.075 ppm would prevent the following additional adverse health effects annually in 2020 throughout the United States*:
• 380 cases of chronic bronchitis• 890 nonfatal heart attacks• 1,900 hospital and emergency room visits• 1,000 cases of acute bronchitis• 11,600 cases of upper and lower respiratory symptoms, pp p y y p• 6,100 cases of aggravated asthma• 243,000 days when people miss work or school• 750,000 days when people must restrict their activities750,000 ays w e peop e ust est ct t e act v t es
* Based on current US population of 300,000,000
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Health Cost SavingsHealth Cost SavingsHealth Cost SavingsHealth Cost SavingsBased on the technology scenarios analyzed, EPA estimates: ◦ The average estimated value of these and other
health benefits would range from a low of $2 billion to a high of $17 billion per year in 2020
H th h lth i d t However these health savings do come at a price:
Th ti t d t f i l ti ◦ The average estimated costs of implementing a standard of 0.075 ppm would range from a low of $7.6 billion to a high of $8.8 billion in 2020$ g $
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Revised Air Quality Index Revised Air Quality Index (AQI)(AQI)
20088 h
19978 hAQIC
20088 h
19978 hAQIC
0.000-0.0590.000-0.0640-50Good
8-hour(ppm)
8-hour(ppm)
AQI ValueCategory
0.000-0.0590.000-0.0640-50Good
8-hour(ppm)
8-hour(ppm)
AQI ValueCategory
0.076-0.0950.085-0.104101-150
Unhealthy for
S iti
0.060-0.0750.065-0.08451-100Moderate
0.076-0.0950.085-0.104101-150
Unhealthy for
S iti
0.060-0.0750.065-0.08451-100Moderate
V0.096-0.1150.105-0.124151-200Unhealthy
Sensitive Groups
V0.096-0.1150.105-0.124151-200Unhealthy
Sensitive Groups
No ChangeNo Change301-400Hazardous
0.116-0.3740.125-0.374201-300Very Unhealthy
No ChangeNo Change301-400Hazardous
0.116-0.3740.125-0.374201-300Very Unhealthy
No ChangeNo Change401-500 No ChangeNo Change401-500
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The New Ozone StandardThe New Ozone StandardThe New Ozone StandardThe New Ozone Standard
How will it affect Louisiana?
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Economic Development ImpactEconomic Development Impactp pp p
Non-attainment represents a “red flag” in the site selection
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p gprocess for both new facilities and expansions, especially for manufacturing prospectsN i i l l i Non-attainment involves a more complex, expensive environmental permitting process that can reduce the competitiveness of existing business and industryOnce in non-attainment, there is potential risk of significant increases in economic costs (e.g., emissions controls, penalty fees RFG) on both industry and consumers if air quality does fees, RFG) on both industry and consumers if air quality does not improve sufficiently over time
What is the role of the What is the role of the statestate regulator?regulator?gg
Work with city-parish leaders and businesses to developWork with city parish leaders and businesses to develop an ozone pollution control strategyWork with area businesses and industries to develop an ozone pollution control strategySubmit recommendations for designations based on monitor data to EPAmonitor data to EPARule revisions and promulgationCompilation and submittal of State Implementation p pPlans (SIP) for areas designated nonattainment.
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Designations and ClassificationsDesignations and Classificationsgg
Designation refers to whether or not anDesignation refers to whether or not an area is above or below the standard
Classification categories are determined b d ’ ibased on an area’s ozone concentration.
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88--Hour Ozone Standard:Hour Ozone Standard:Th R i i f 2008Th R i i f 2008The Revision for 2008The Revision for 2008
On March 12, 2008, EPA announced a new primary 8-hour ozone standard of 0.075 parts per million (ppm). The secondary standard was set identical to the primarythe primary.
26 parishes may potentially be designated nonattainment based on monitor data showingnonattainment based on monitor data showing design values* above 0.075 ppm.
*Design Value – the 3-year average of the fourth-dhighest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone
concentration measured at each monitor within an area.
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Monitoring sites in LouisianaMonitoring sites in LouisianaMonitoring sites in LouisianaMonitoring sites in Louisiana
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Typical Monitoring SiteTypical Monitoring SiteTypical Monitoring SiteTypical Monitoring Site
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8-Hr Design Value as of November 6, 2008
8383
79 80 81 8079 77 79 77
79 7875
77 78 7674
74 7475 74 74 79
80
90
100
Current Standard
Old Standard 85ppb
Current Standard
Old Standard 85ppb
74 74 7469 66
64
60
70
PB
30
40
50PP
10
20
0
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Site
Baton Rouge Area Design Values, 8-Hour
129130135
8 Hour
125
112115120125
105 10499 97 98
10110099 97 96
99 100105110
ppb
96 98 93
90 91 94
97 96 95 91
87 86 89
8590 89
859095
83
70758085
'08 NAAQS 75 ppb
'97 NAAQS 85 ppb
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Implementation of the Implementation of the New Standard’s TimelineNew Standard’s TimelineNew Standard s TimelineNew Standard s Timeline
The anticipated implementation schedule for this new standard is as follows:
State Recommended Designations March 12 2009State Recommended Designations March 12, 2009EPA Final Designations March 12, 2010Classification/Rules March 2009 – April 2010pSIPs Due 2013Attainment Dates 2013 – 2030 (depends on
rit f pr bl m)severity of problem)It should be noted that this schedule is subject to change due to on going litigation.
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CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSMarginal, Moderate, Serious, Severe, and Extreme
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Classification Requirements Classification Requirements for Marginal Areasfor Marginal Areasfor Marginal Areasfor Marginal Areas
Attainment timeline is 3 yearsyMajor Source 100tpy of either VOC or NOxEmissions Inventory New Source Review (NSR) for Air PermittingOffsets of 1.1 to 1Transportation Conformity General Conformity (federal, non-highway projects)projects)Additional requirements if you fail to attain the standard/Automatic bump-up to Moderatep p
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Classification RequirementsClassification Requirementsfor Moderate Areasfor Moderate Areasfor Moderate Areasfor Moderate Areas
Attainment timeline is 6 yearsyMarginal Requirements and: 15% Reduction from Baseline Within 6 YearsRACT on Major Sources(Reasonably Available Control Technology)gy)Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of <9.0 psiStage II Vapor Recovery g p yInspection/Maintenance Program for vehiclesOffsets of 1.15 to 1 Automatic bump-up to Serious
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Impacts of the Impacts of the 20082008 Standard on New Standard on New N tt i t P i h L l G tN tt i t P i h L l G tNonattainment Parishes, Local Governments, Nonattainment Parishes, Local Governments, Industries and BusinessesIndustries and Businesses
Changed Emission Inventory RequirementsLowered Major Source ThresholdsNew Source ReviewEmission OffsetsRACT R iRACT RequirementsTransportation Conformity/General ConformityAutomobile Inspection/MaintenanceAutomobile Inspection/MaintenanceRegulations on small businesses (bakeries, dry cleaners, paint shops, etc.)
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What are the next steps?What are the next steps?What are the next steps?What are the next steps?
Implementation of national rulesImplementation of state rules to comply p p ywith the Clean Air Act requirementsImplementation of Ozone Action Day p yVoluntary MeasuresEducation and Awareness
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Federal Rules in ProgressFederal Rules in Progressgg
National Refinery InitiativeNational Refinery InitiativeClean Air Visibility RuleUltra Low Sulfur Diesel RuleUltra Low Sulfur Diesel RuleHeavy Duty Diesel RuleLocomotive and Marine Vessel RuleLocomotive and Marine Vessel RuleSmall Spark-Ignition Engine Rule
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Reductions through StateReductions through State RulemakingRulemakingReductions through StateReductions through State RulemakingRulemaking
Add Chapter 21 VOC ControlspExtend Controls StatewideVOC Storage Tank Emissions
Li i U f Fl f N E V i Limit Use of Flares for Non-Emergency Venting
Use of Infrared Camera To Audit for Leaks
Add Chapter 22 NOx ControlsAdd Chapter 22 NOx ControlsExtend Rule to Areas Outside of BR MSA
Tighten Emission FactorsTighten Emission Factors
Limit Use of Averaging and Credits
Eliminate Some Exemptions
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Transportation Reduction MeasuresTransportation Reduction Measurespp
Vehicle Emission Reduction Activities◦ Ridesharing◦ Bicycle Lanes◦ Compressed Workweek, Flex-Hours◦ Telecommuting◦ Mass Transit: Buses, Light Rail, Vanpools
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Reduction thru Voluntary MeasuresReduction thru Voluntary Measuresyy
Open Burning RestrictionsOpen Burning RestrictionsEngine Idling RestrictionsTruck Stop ElectrificationVehicle Scrappage ProgramOzone Action Day IncentivesClean City Coalition ProgramsClean City Coalition ProgramsPort and Marine Vessel Emission ReductionsReductions
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Ozone Action Day Reduction MeasuresOzone Action Day Reduction Measures
Maintain your vehicle properlyT i h i bi d d li i d i d i i Trip chain, combine errands and limit daytime driving Ride public transportation or carpool to work Take your lunch to work W lk id bi l f h t t i Walk or ride a bicycle for short trips. Refuel when its cool - after 6 p.m. Don't top off your tank –Avoid prolonged idling and jackrabbit starts - "Drive Emission-wise". W it til th i (6 ) t l d Wait until the evening (6 p.m.) to mow your lawn or use gas powered lawn equipmentBarbecue with electric starter or use a chimney, not fluid starter. Conserve energy in your home Conserve energy in your home Spread the word! Talk to your coworkers and neighbors about the Ozone Action Program.
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Path ForwardPath Forward
Met with stakeholders in potential pnonattainment areasWork with EPA on Implementation Ruleso w t o p e e tat o u esWork through Clean Cities to promote voluntary measuresvoluntary measuresPromote Air Quality AwarenessB ild th k i th BR Build on the work in the BR Nonattainment area to help other areas
ith i l t tiwith implementation.
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Comments or SuggestionsComments or SuggestionsComments or SuggestionsComments or Suggestions
Comments and Suggestions can be submitted here in the
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submitted here in the Suggestion Box or on the website
electronically.
Statewide Activities for Ozone Statewide Activities for Ozone Statewide Activities for Ozone Statewide Activities for Ozone
Statewide Ozone Steering Committee was Statewide Ozone Steering Committee was initiated in April 2008 to assist potential new ozone nonattainment areas with Clean Air Act requirements;Composed of representatives from business
d i d t i ti l t t and industry associations, several state agencies, city/parish governments and environmental groups;environmental groups;The committee has no official authority but does have the ability to recommend ideas yto the governor.
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Statewide Ozone Steering Committee Statewide Ozone Steering Committee M bM bMembers:Members:Greater New Orleans Inc. US EPA Region 6
LA M i i l A i ti (LMA) Si Cl bLA Municipal Association (LMA) Sierra Club
LA Association of Business and Industry (LABI) City of Shreveport
LA Chemical Association (LCA) City of Lafayette
Baton Rouge Clean Air Coalition SWEPCO/AEP
Police Jury Association of Louisiana
LA Environmental Action Network (LEAN)
LA Pulp and Paper
LA Independent Oil and Gas Association (LIOGA)
LA Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association (LMOGA)( )
LA Oil Marketers & Convenience Store Operators (LOMCSA)
LA Department of Environmental Quality
LA Department of Economic DevelopmentLA Department of Economic Development
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Questions? Ask our DEQ experts!Questions? Ask our DEQ experts!Questions? Ask our Q experts!Questions? Ask our Q experts!
J if M t j if t @lJennifer Mouton [email protected] Orgeron [email protected] Zia [email protected] @ gVivian Aucoin [email protected] Bergeron [email protected] O b b @lMaurice Oubre [email protected]
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For More Information:For More Information:For More Information:For More Information:Statewide Ozone Steering Committee
Website:http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/tabid/28p q g p49/Default.aspx
EPA Ozone website:http://www.epa.gov/air/ozonepollution/
Lawnmower buy back program:Lawnmower buy back program:http://www.epa.gov/oar/recipes/smallen.htmlhttp://www epa gov/oar/recipes/mowers htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/oar/recipes/mowers.html
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