EoH and the Serengeti General Management Plan

Two processes: EoH and GMP

EoH tools which directly fed into the management plan development

• Tool 5: Assessment of Management Planning• Tool 1: Identifying Site Values and Management

Objectives (context)• Tool 9: Assessment of Management Plan

Implementation (outputs)• Tool 12: Review of Management Effectiveness

Assessment Results (outcome)

Assessment of previous management plans

Main recommendations• Need for a clear distinction between objectives

(outcomes), outputs and actions • Clear link between parks purpose statement and the

objectives (outcomes), outputs and actions • Make the plan more relevant to the day-to-day

management needs of SENAPA park managers.

Serengeti National Park 10 year General

Management Plan

Management programmes

Management objectives and

strategies

Targets

Management actions

Purpose and values

3 year action plans

Context Monitoring plan

Monitoring of GMP

Output monitoring Outcome monitoring

Ecosystem monitoring plan

Tourism monitoring plan

Community outreach monitoring plan

Park operations monitoring plan

Serengeti GMP Implementation database

Output and outcome monitoring

• Tool 9: Assessment of Management Plan Implementation • Concept: Is the management plan and/or work programme

being implemented and what are the results, or outputs, from the management process?

• Methodology and datasheet: System for ranking implementation status of activities outlined in primary planning document

Outputs: Plan implementation

Ranking actions

1. Action has not commenced

2. Work is only reactive and not to a set plan

3. Planning is in progress

4. Policy and/or planning stages are complete but have not been implemented

5. Some work has commenced in all or some areas

6. Action is making substantial progress in all areas

7. Action has been completed or policy is in place

Serengeti management plan outputs relating to:

Relations and benefits to local communities

Action Year

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

1. Develop a program of improved interaction between the park law enforcement staff, Districts and local communities

6 6 6 6 6

2. Expand and strengthen TANAPA’s program of benefit sharing with local communities surrounding Serengeti National Park, especially in areas of high encroachment

4 3 2 2 2

3. Ensure local communities are given first priority for providing goods and services to park/tourist operations and development

4 3 3 3 3

4. Ensure that park benefit sharing is linked to resource substitution and a reduction in the use of park resources

5 5 5 5 5

5. Expand and strengthen technical partnerships in communities and Districts surrounding the park

5 5 5 5 5

6. Expand and strengthen conservation education and awareness links with the Serengeti Visitor Center (SVC), tourists and communities surrounding the park

4 3 2 2 2

General Management Plan implemetation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Completed Substantialprogress

Planningcomplete, work

commenced

Policy/planningcomplete

Planning inprogress

Reactive workonly

Not commenced

Status of actions in plan

Nu

mb

er o

f ac

tio

ns

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Management Plan Implementation 1998-2000

Management Plan Implementation Database

• Database that mirrors the structure and content of the management plan

• Makes the management plan available in an electronic form so that it more accessible to managers for daily use

• Provides a way for tracking the extent to which the actions in the management plan have been implemented

Database benefits• Track individual actions over time• Track effort put into different management areas• Forward planning tool to determine priority actions • Captures comments on possible adjustments to plan• Helps with plan review and preparation of annual plans and

three-year rolling programme• Can search management plan for actions relating to a

particular topic

Draft plan into database

For all actions in the plan• Assigned key words – so actions are searchable under

themes• Defined if the action was urgent or not within the

timeframe of the plan

Keywords• Tourism• Poaching• Fire• Communities• Visitor management• Campsites• Commercial tourism• Tour operators• Lodges• Interpretation• Information• Liaison• Research• Monitoring• Environmental impacts• Human/animal conflict

• Natural resources• Cultural resources• Training• Staff• Zonation• Infrastructure• Equipment• Law enforcement• Administration• Policy• Funding• Planning• Waste management • Water management• Corridors• Migration• Conservation/development orgs.

Outcomes: Ecosystem Monitoring

Outcomes Assessment

• Tool 12: A Methodology for Assessing the Outcomes of Management – related to Ecological Integrity

• Concept: Is management protecting the values for which the site was designated

• Methodology and datasheet: Ecological monitoring assessment developed

Ecosystem Management Programme

• Prioritised eight conservation targets• A series of Key Ecological Attributes (KEAs)• Indicators for assessing status and trends of KEAs

Step 1: Agree the major conservation targets to identify a group of “key ecological attributes” that need to be monitored

Step 2: Make an initial choice of measures / indicators to reflect the targets and attributes

Step 5: Compare data needed with existing monitoring processes / data and identify gaps

Step 6: Develop detailed monitoring protocols

Step 8: Assessment of management outcomes: initially to establish a baseline and then to monitor against this baseline

Step 7: Develop a data management system

Step 4: Finalise indicators

Step 3: Refine this draft list of indicators and determine their thresholds and power to detect changeOptional step 3a: identify responses to a breach of the thresholds

Conservation target 1: The migration

Traditional migratory routes

Population size of key species

Productivity / recruitment

Forage quality/spatial availability

Indicator: Seasonal migratory movements (in the west of the Grumeti River (Ikona WMA); East Kuka/West Loliondo route to Kenya; Salai Plains, Lake Victoria; Maswa, Grumeti and Ikorongo GR)Justification for selection: Threats to the ecosystem which support the migration route, especially in the areas outlined above

Minimum integrity thresholds

Confidence level of threshold

Monitoring activityMonitoring details (status, protocols, responsibilities etc)

Management options/ implications

If there is a breakdown of traditional migratory routes

High Current: Ranger reports daily and anti-poaching patrol that follows migration

Need system to systemise and analyse information into GIS system

Increasing the protection status for areas covered by the migration outside of the Park. Implementing Speke Bay corridor - migration route to Lake Victoria in dry season.

Current: Wildebeest Collars(suggest that this is probably not a cost-effective method of monitoring migratory routes)

Information from eight collars has been collected over the last # years but seven collars are no longer in operation. For this type of monitoring to be effective some 40 collars would need to be operating.

New: Mapping migratory routes through aerial point survey

Monthly surveys during times when migration is outside Park boundary

Target 1: The Migration

IndicatorMinimum integrity

thresholdStatus Trend

Seasonal migratory movements

If there is a breakdown of traditional migratory routes

Concern Unchanged

Population size of large ungulates Major unexpected fluctuation Good Unchanged

Population size of key carnivores except lions

Major unnatural fluctuations Good (But leopards not surveyed)

Unchanged

Population size of lions Major fluctuations in populations Good Unchanged

Recruitment of key species Declining juveniles Good Unchanged

Mortality of key species Unexplained mortality Good Unchanged

Rainfall patterns and trends Increased frequency and severity of droughts

Good (But more data analysis needed)

Unchanged

Fire patterns and extent of dry season fires

Any fires in fire refuge areas Concern Unchanged

Trend in poaching off-take Increased trend in poaching off-take

Significant concern No trend established

Continuing popl. pressure and extent of cultivation near migratory routes

If human popl. pressure has major impacts on ecosystem integrity

Significant concern Deteriorating (but needs more monitoring)

Intact park boundary If there was major damage to park boundary beacons

Concern(But beacons not yet complete)

(Too early to see trends)

Agricultural are in the NCA Increasing trends in agriculture (Monitoring to be carried out)

(Monitoring to be carried out)

Ecological Integrity: Draft assessment results

Overview of each target and a breakdown of status and trends of individual indicators

Lessons learned

• The tools developed for EoH can provide a much of the background information needed to develop a target based management plan for natural World Heritage sites

• The tools also provide a good foundation for the development of monitoring of plans outputs (i.e. actions) and outcomes (i.e. overall objectives)

• Will it work for cultural sites as well?