Enter Master Slide TitleIoT: Private vs Public Network Private network – individually managed networks Individual network – Metering, security, home automation, industrial control

基于扩频技术的超远距离无线传输方案

IoT Segments

0 50 100 150 200 250

Gartner

Berg Insight

Idate

IDC

Connected Devices by 2020 (billions)

* 50B Connected

Devices in

2020

*

IoT Projected Volumes

3

IoT Segments

Projected by Type

LPWAN Internet of objects

LAN

BT/Wifi

Cellular

M2M

Internet of Objects category and LPWAN will make up majority of

IoT volume. Research by INOV360 predicts up to 90%

More conservative estimate is 55% of IoT will be IoO category

4 Semtech Confidential

IoT Segment Trade-offs

Short Range Communicating Devices

Long Range w/ Battery Internet of Objects

Long Range w/Power Traditional M2M

Well established standards

Good for: • Mobile devices • In-home • Short range

Not good: • Battery life • Long range

Well established standards

Good for: • Long range • High data-rate • Coverage

Not good: • Battery life • Cost

Emerging PHY solutions

Good for: • Long range • Long battery • Low cost • Positioning

Not good: • High data-rate

Cellular LPWAN LAN


IoT: Private vs Public Network

Private network – individually managed networks

Individual network – Metering, security, home automation, industrial control

Public network – Telecom/operator managed networks

Includes traditional private networks and permits numerous new applications

A much more scalable model

Public Network Private

Network

About the LoRa™ Alliance

An open, non-profit association of members . Already more than 50 companies have joined with over 400 requests for membership. 11 sponsors, 8 contributors, 22 adopters

It was initiated by industry leaders with a mission to standardize Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) being deployed around the world to enable Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M), and smart city, and industrial applications.

The Alliance members will collaborate to drive the global success of the LoRa protocol (LoRaWAN), by sharing knowledge and experience to guarantee interoperability between operators in one open global standard.

www.LoRa-Alliance.org

Nationwide Networks Deploying

Applications are many: Metering

Tele- management

Maintenance / Supervision

Alerting

Identification / géolocalisation

Back up for GSM existing solutions

Public Annoucements of Deployements by:

Fastnet (Telkom South Africa)

KPN (Holland)

Proximus (Belgacom) (Belgium)

Swisscom (Switzerland)

Bouygues (France)

LoRa�™ Network Features

Low Cost Minimal infrastructure

Low cost end-node

Open SW

Long Range Greater than cellular

Deep indoor coverage

Star topology

Max Lifetime Low power optimized

10-20yr lifetime

>10x vs cellular M2M

Multi-Usage High capacity

Multi-tenant

Public network

LoRaWAN Differentiation and Benefits

True Location

In/out door

Accurate

Bidirectional

Bidirectional

Scalable Capacity

Broadcast

Global Mobility

True Mobility

Seamless

Roaming

Security

Unique ID

Application

Network

www.LoRa-Alliance.org


103

104

105

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

bits/sec

sensitiv

ity (

dB

m)

LoRa Modulation - High Sensitivity

FLoRa

GFSK

LoRa

-138dBm

LoRa high sensitivity, long range, low data rates FLoRa high sensitivity, high data rates


LoRa utilized a spread spectrum based modulation

Advantages

Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No) More robust to interference, noise, and jamming Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy the channel Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS)

LoRa Modulation Overview


LoRaWAN System

Long range star network (same architecture as cellular)

Easy to deploy/maintain, reduces cost of infrastructure, optimizes battery lifetime

Public or Multi-tenant networks managed by major telecom companies

Enables customers to focus on end-node design/application not network management

Reduces costs and complexity for all segments of the market


LoRa Parameters and Interference Immunity

Parameter Range Effect Change (125kHz)

Spreading Factor (SF)

7-12 DR 300bps – 9.6kbps

Sensitivity -138dBm to -121dBm

Bandwidth (BW) 125K typ 10-500kHz

DR vs sensitivity 300bps – 22kbps

Error correction 4/5 to 4/8 DR, time on air

Freq 138M-1GHz Frequency agnostic

Interfere LoRa

Co-Channel

FSK

Co-channel

CW/FSK/GFSK -5 to -20 +8 to +10

Noise Level

FSK

LoRa


LoRa Range and Coverage

Coverage map from a single gateway/concentrator

Cisco Webex building in San Jose

>20miles coverage from a single gateway


LoRa Field Test

Bartlesville OK Actual

Test Site

Target: Reach 2 miles to water pit w/extreme interferes present

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=CxLx650GcGQWmM&tbnid=IfBXZDV-mzbZ3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mueller_Systems_Logo.png&ei=EB-OUofzFJCX0AXovYFo&bvm=bv.56988011,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGbfFipFODILmGjr-Qnpy34DMkjpA&ust=1385132171875261

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=CxLx650GcGQWmM&tbnid=IfBXZDV-mzbZ3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mueller_Systems_Logo.png&ei=EB-OUofzFJCX0AXovYFo&bvm=bv.56988011,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGbfFipFODILmGjr-Qnpy34DMkjpA&ust=1385132171875261


Welcome to Bartlesville!

-30 dBm interferers

-80 dBm Ambient

Noise Floor


Welcome to Bartlesville / Most Brutal RF Environment!

Water Tower / concentrator

Achieved 2 miles

from water pit

w/metal lid, no

external antenna!


Superior System

LoRa Concentrator with the SX1301

Multi-modem/channel concentrator

Improved network capacity

Simultaneous reception on same channel

Easily scalable to add more capacity

Simultaneously demod - 2MHz spectrum

Simple star network – no latency

Adaptive link rate (data rate)

5 million node transactions per SX1301

Easily scalable for more capacity

Localization

The feature everyone wants

Solves all system desires Range, battery lifetime, capacity, cost

Reduces design cycle System HW and MAC provided

Concentrator

DR1 Ch2

DR3 Ch4

DR6 Ch1

DR5 Ch2

DR7 Ch3

DR5 Ch6


What is LoRaWAN

Open source MAC protocol

Developed by IBM, Semtech, Actility, and Microchip

Transferred and support by the LoRa Alliance

Different classes of nodes to optimize different application profiles

End node source code distributed for free

Microchip MPLABx and through ARM MBed

End-node unique ID allows IPVx and 6LoWPAN compatible systems

Full AES encryption to end application server through network

Includes provisioning, security, and roaming


LoRaWAN Device Classes

Class name Intended usage

A

(« all »)

Battery powered sensors, or actuators with no latency constraint Most energy efficient communication class. Must be supported by all devices

B (« beacon »)

Battery powered actuators Energy efficient communication class for latency controlled downlink. Based on slotted communication synchronized with a network beacon.

C (« continuous »)

Mains powered actuators Devices which can afford to listen continuously. No latency for downlink communication.


Bidirectional communication, class A Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)

End Device

Base station

Packet

Received by all

base stations in

range

End device sleeps Rx slot 1 Rx slot 2

Cloud MAC

Controller selects

best base station


Bidirectional communication, class B

Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL) :

Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot

End Device

Base station

Received by all

base stations in

range

128 seconds

Rx

Cloud MAC

Controller selects

best base station

BE

AC

ON

BE

AC

ON

Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx

LoRa Gateway

Frequency: 130-1020MHz

EU 433, 868MHz

US 915MHZ

China 470

Output power: <1W (500/25mW EU)

Data rate 300-50kbps

Spread spectrum (SF12-6)

Modulation: LoRa and FSK (1)

Channels

EU 8

NA: 64

I/Q modulation

Sensitivity:<-140dm

BW

EU125kHz

NA 125/500kHz

IIP3 (2)

Low gain +10

High gain -25dBm

Temp -40C to +85C

Note 1:Linear and two tone,Supports OFDM, QPSK, MSK, FSK +++

Note 2:IIP3, Noise figure, blocking depends on implementation


EU Concentrator Overview

Multi-Modem/Multi-channel 10 channels

9 LoRa modems

1 FSK modem

Very high capacity

Adaptive link rate

Optimize capacity

Scalable

2MHz of spectrum

Wide FE can be used

1257/1255

Decimation/8

~IF8

Decimation/32 /16 /8

LORAdemod

Pac

ket

engi

ne

/ m

eta

dat

a ta

ggin

g /

bu

ffer

ing

A

~IF9

Variable decimation

(G)FSK demod

~IF3

~IF2

~IF1

~IF0

~IF7

~IF6

~IF5

~IF4

Dec

imat

e/3

2

All SFPreamble

Searchengine

Decimation/8

B

I/Q 12bits4msps

Sample bus

I/Q 1bit32msps

I/Q 500/250/125

ksps

I/Q 125ksps

SER/PARfeeder

S SPI interface

Packet arbiterMCU

AGC Radiomanagement

MCU

Dual SPI radio interfaceSPI

SX1301 RX : Semtech radio interface

Switch fabric

1257/1255

8xLora demods


Semtech NA Concentrator

FCC requirements

Frequency hopping, 902-928MHz

400msec max channel dwell time

1W max output power

Gateway

Embedded Linux

8x SX1301

PHY parameters

Number of Channels: 72 Upstream

Number of Modems: 72 Rx Modems

Channel BW: 125 kHz + 500 kHz Up and 500 kHz Down

RF Power: +20dBm up and +27dBm down (+36 with max antenna gain)

Half Duplex (Possibility to split band and enable full duplex)

Data rates up-link: 5 (SF7 – SF10)

Data rates down-link: 4 Down (SF7 – SF10)

Protocol parameters

Asynchronous on all 64 channels

SX1301

SX1301

SX1301

SX1301

SX1301

SX1301

RF Front-End

Linux or Micro

SX1301

SX1301


Concentrator Summary

EU NA China

Number of SX1301 1 8 8

Channels Up 10 64 64

Channels Dn 1 1 1

RX modems 10 72 64

Channel BW Up 125kHz 125kHz 125kHz

Channel BW Dn 125kHz 500kHz 125kHz

TX Power Up +14dBm +20dBm(or +30) +20dBm

TX Power Dn +14dBm +27dBm +20dBm

SF Up 7-12 7-10 7-12

Link Budget Up 155dB 154dB 161dB

Link Budget Dn 155dB 157dB 161dB

Capacity 10-50K nodes 100-300K nodes 100-300K nodes


LoRa End Node

Partner module solution for NA TX = 1W, GPS+sensors, battery Fully Compliant with FCC

IMST EU Module ST Micro(STM32) + SX1272 BOM cost - $2-5

Node cost Usage fees Battery Life*

LoRa $2-5 $0.5-2/month 105 months

3G/LTE $10-15 $2-10/month 18 months

*TRX once per hour, 2AA


Technology 802.11a

h WLAN ZigBee LTE-M Sigfox LoRa

Sensitivity -106 dBm -92 dBm -100 dBm -117 dBm -126 dBm -134 dBm

Link Budget 126 dB 112 dB 108 dB 147 dB 146 dB 154 dB

Range (O=Outdoor, I=Indoor)

O: 700m I: 100m

O: 200m I: 30m

O: 150m I: 30m

1.7km urban 20km rural

2km urban 20km rural

3km urban 30km rural

Data rate 100kbps 6 Mbps 250 kbps 1 Mbps 600 bps 12.5 – 0.970 kbps

Tx current

consumption

300 mA

20 dBm

350 mA

20 dBm

35 mA

8 dBm

800 mA

30 dBm

120 mA

20 dBm

120 mA

20 dBm

Standby current NC NC 0.003mA 3.5mA 0.001mA 0.001mA

RX current 50 mA 70 mA 26 mA 50 mA 10 mA 10 mA

Battery life 2000 mAh 18 months 90 months 105 months

Localization no 1- 5m no 200m no 10-20m

Interference Immunity moderate moderate bad moderate bad good

Network Type Star Star Mesh Star Star Star

End Node Capacity Large Medium Small 1.3Mu* >1.3Mu*

Technology Comparison: US

(*) One message per day


Wrap Up and Next Steps

LoRaTM enables the Internet of Things

Disruptive technology for IoT and tracking of assets

Provides outdoor and deep indoor connectivity

Very low cost of ownership with private or nationwide network deployments

Scalable architecture makes it future proof for capacity and interference

Strong ecosystem of partners and applications

5/8/2015

Documents

Enter Master Slide TitleIoT: Private vs Public Network Private network – individually managed networks Individual network – Metering, security, home automation, industrial control