Ensiklopedia Uma Dapur Elektrisidade

8/8/2019 Ensiklopedia Uma Dapur Elektrisidade

1/19

Uma no Dapur

Bee nakali, evaporasaunBee gs [LI: uap air] sempre sai neineik husi bee been, maib kuandumanas bee gs sai lailais.

DESKRISAUN:Bainhira nono bee, balu mak sai husi sanan nuudar bee gs. Beleharee bee suar sai husi bee neeb nakali. Bainhira habai roupa, labeleharee bee sai husi roupa maib orasida roupa nee maran tiha. Fakarbee ba rai, orasida nia maran ona. Koa ai-tahan hanesan kanko kamodo mutin, orasida sira namlaik, tuirmai sai maran. Prosesu sira-nee hotu hanesan.

TEORIA BZIKA:Buat hotu bele iha forma tolu: slidu, been (ka lkidu), no gs [LI: padat, cair, no gs]. Prosesu sai husi been

too gs mak naran evaporasaun. Gs maioria (hanesan oxijniu, nitrojniu, krbonu-dioksidu, bee gs, alkolgs, etc) ita labele haree. Nee duni, prosesu evaporasaun ita ms labele haree. Tanba nee ema barak seidaukkomprende.

Evaporasaun bele mosu iha naran temperatura ida, maib bainhira temperatura sai boot, evaporasaun mosulailais liu. Se aumenta manas too temperatura espesil, been hotu-hotu tenke sai gs. Temperatura espesilida-nee naran pontu nakali. Bee nia pontu nakali mak 100C. Bainhira nono bee, ninia temperatura saetoo 100C, depois labele sae tan. Nia nakali deit, too maran.

Bee suar neeb bele haree baihira bee nakali laos bee gs. Bee gs ita labele haree. Bee suar mak beebeen neeb sai ona husi bee been iha sanan no namlele iha anin laran nuudar bee turuk kiikoan barbarak.Ida-nee hanesan deit iha kalohan laran. Bee suar mak moos: nia lori bee deit. Nia la hanesan ahi-suarneeb lori ms krbonu baluk-oan kiikoan barak no foer tan.

Bee turuk sira-nee sai liu husi prosesu hanesan nee: Bainhira bee sai manas, molkula sira bee nian xokemalu makas. Bee nia molkula sira nia velosidade no enerjia sai boot. Bee nia molkula hotu iha sanan laranatu besik pontu nakali, atu besik sai gs. Bee iha sanan nia kraik sai manas uluk, nakali uluk, sai gs uluk.Nunee bee nakfurin husi sanan kraik too leten. Prosesu hotu nee bele baku bee turuk sai husi sanan nuudarbee suar.

Bee suar nee la moris kleur, no la ba dook. Lakleur bee turuk sira-nee ms hamosu evaporasaun no saifali bee gs, neeb ita labele haree.

KOKO TOOK:*Bele halo esperimentu simples atu haree evaporasaun depende ba superfsie.

Enxe bee ho volume hanesan iha kopu rua no bikan ida. Husik kopu ida no bikan iha fatin seguro iha uma laran. Husik kopu ida seluk iha liur, iha loro nia okos.


2/19

Hein loron tolu, depois sura fali volume. Lalika sura ho mililitru; bele halo komparasaun deit ho kopuneeb ita uza. Enxe fali bee husi bikan ba kopu laran.

Haree took ida neeb lakon bee barak liu.Baibain bee iha bikan mak tun liu fali bee iha kopu laran. Ida-nee tanba bee iha bikan iha superfsie boot

liu. Evaporasaun mosu iha superfsie entre bee no anin. Se superfsie boot, evaporasaun bele mosu makaasliu.

Baibain bee iha liur iha loro nia okos tun liu fali bee iha uma laran. Ida-nee akontese tanba loro belehalo nia manas no bee manas halo evaporasaun makaas liu. Ms, dala ruma anin huu makaas uitoan ihaliur. Anin neeb huu ms halo evaporasaun mosu makaas. Maib buat nee ema hotu hatene ona: se tararoupa iha loro nia okos, no anin huu boot, roupa sei sai maran lailais.


3/19

LilinLilin nia lakan mak sunu parafina atu halo naroman.

DESKRISAUN:Lilin nia lakan mak kiikoan deit, maib f naroman barak. Ms, lilin ladn fsai suar hanesan ahi husi ai. Ita bele halo observasaun barak kona-ba lilin,purezemplu: Bainhira book lilin nia lakan, nia f sai suar metan. Lilin nia lakan sempre sae ba leten. Haliis lilin, lakan sei sae nafatin ba

leten. Lilin nia lakan iha sorin-sorin ladn manas. Nia manas liu iha leten. Lilin presiza kabas ka buat seluk (ai-kesak, surat-tahan, nsst.) atu lakan. La-

bele halakan parafina deit. Kabas deit ms labele. Nia bele lakan, maib tempu badak

deit. Bele husu: tanbas lilin presiza kabas, no kabas presizalilin?

Lilin nia lakan nia kr iha fatin ida-ida la hanesan.

TEORIA BZIKA:Lilin kompostu husi buat rua deit: parafina, neeb mutin, nokabas. Kabas iha lilin nia funsaun mak lori parafina ba lilin nialakan. Lilin nia lakan sunu parafina neineik deit. Nunee, niapresiza parafina uitoan deit. Bainhira parafina sai manas, nia saifali been. Been nee bele sae iha kabas laran. Bainhira been saimanas liu, nia sai fali gs. Gs deit bele sunu, halakan.

Lilin nia lakan hanesan ahi sira seluk: nia mosu tanba oxij-niu halo reasaun ho parafina. Parafina mak idro-krbonu. Lilinf sai mak H2O (bee) iha forma gas. Bainhira nia sunu diak, niams f sai krbonu-dioksidu, neeb ita labele haree. Maib

bainhira ema book lilin nia lakan ka anin huu uitoan, nia f saikrbonu mesak neeb ita bele haree nuudar suar metan.Reasaun neeb mosu iha lilin nia lakan komplikadu duni.

Oxijniu maihusi anin neeb tama husi lilin nia lakan nia kraikno sorin-sorin. Parafina sae husi kabas neeb iha klaran.Reasaun halo fatin sai manas, maib laos fatin hotu temperaturahanesan. Fatin neeb f sai naroman makaas liu mak kr mu-tin. Fatin ho kr seluk nia temperatura mak menus kr mutin nia fatin.

Maski ita uza lilin atu f naroman deit, nia ms halo manas. Hanesan ahi hotu, ninia lakan hamanas aniniha ninia sorin-sorin. Anin manas sempre sae, no bainhira nia sae, nia ms lori lilin nia lakan ba leten. Tanbanee lilin nia lakan sempre sae. Nunee, bainhira tau liman fuan iha lilin nia lakan nia sorin, nia ladn manas,

maib tau liman fuan iha leten nia sente manas liu.

KOKO TOOK:*Koko took sunu parafina husi lilin la ho kabas:

Hasai parafina uitoan husililin, no tau iha kanuru nia la-ran.

Hamanas kanuru iha lilinnia leten

Koko atu halo lakan suarneeb sai.
http://videos%20compressed2/MVI_4391.wmv


4/19

Esperimentu kiik neebele prova katak suar(neeb lori gs) deitmak lakan, las been,las slidu. Halo ma-nas, suar no gs sai,parafina bele lakan.

*Bele uza kanuru ida hobee hodi koko lilin-lakan nia fatin idaneeb mak manas liu: Tau bee uitoan ihakanuru nia laran. Hamanas nia iha lilin nia leten too bee nakali. Muda took kanuru ba lilin lakan nia tutun, klaran, no baze. Observa bee nakali makaas liu iha fatin ida neeb.

*Bele halo lilin ho kamii. Foti kamii isin, lesu, alu, kabas husi ai-lele (ka ai-seluk), no ai-kesak. Habai kamii fuan too

maran, hasai kulit. Hasai kabas nia musan,

foti deit rahun. Tau kamii isin no kabas

rahun iha lesu no fai toododok didiak.

Buti no bobar iha ai-kesak.

Sunu

Lilin kamii f sai suar metan tanba kamii nia idro-krbon la hanesan parafina. Nunee ninia reasaun lahanesanno f sai krbonu mesak barak liu. Lilin hanesan nee ms bele halo ho ai-fuan husi ai-munikala (Makasae),no karik ai-seluk tan.

*Bele ms halo ho mina nuu. Foti nuu isin maran, mina nuu, nokalen.

Tesi kalen hanesan foto ida-nee. Enxe mina nuu iha kalen laran.

Tau fatuk no kabas rahun, rohan idaiha mina leten no rohan seluk iha laran.

Halakan kabas rohan neeb iha leten.Bainhira lilin normal mak lakan, parafina

sai manas no sai fali been, tuirmai sai ke-das gs. Mina nuu mak been ona. Bainhira nia sai manas, nia mssai fali gs. Sunu been mak perigu uitoan. Se karik ema halo sala,fakar mina nee, bele sunu uma ka halo ema kanek.


5/19

Tasu lakanBainhira mina f sai suar barak, ahi bele tama tasu laran nohalakan suar nee.

DESKRISAUN:Dala ruma bainhira halo manas mina iha tasu, no karikhatama bee uitoan, ahi husi tasu nia kraik bele tama iha tasularan. Dala ruma nee sai perigu no bele sunu ema no uma.Atu halo mate ahi nee, tenke taka lailais tasu ho sanan ma-tan ka buat seluk atu ahi labele hetan tan oxijniu.

TEORIA BZIKA:Bainhira mina sai manas iha tasu laran, suar sai. Suar neemak turuk kiikoan mina been hamutuk ho mina gs barak. Suar nee ms manas lahalimar. Nunee se suarnee bele hetan ahi, nia bele lakan.

Bainhira hatama bee uitoan iha mina manas, bee nee nakali kedas. Nakali katak nia troka forma husi beentoo gs. Bainhira nia troka forma hanesan nee, ninia volume sai boot dala 1000. Ida-nee sai hanesanbomba ida iha tasu laran, no bele dudu mina no mina suar sai husi tasu. Depois ahi husi tasu okos bele kona

nia no halo nia sei lakan.Liu husi ezemplu ida-nee, bele haree katak labele uza bee atu hamate ahi neeb lakan husi mina. Tanbabee neeb fakar ba ahi halo deit ahi sai boot ka halai ba fatin seluk. Atu hamate ahi neeb lakan husi mina,tenke taka deit, ka fakar rai rahun.

KOKO TOOK:* Esperimentu nee perigu liu. Tanba nee, labele husik estudante sira koko mesak. Halo mina manas too suar sai barak. Foti ai-kesak naruk, hatama rohan ida iha ahi laran hodi halo lakan. Hatama rohan neeb lakan iha suar laran. Haree took se suar lakan ka lae. Fakar bee uitoan iha tasu laran. Koko halakan fali.

Depois hodi sanan matan taka tasu lailais.


6/19

AhiAhi mak reasaun kmika entre oksijniu no idro-krbonu.

DESKRISAUN:So ema deit bele uza ahi hodi f tulun ba nia moris; animlla bele. Baibain ema uza ahi oin tolu: ahi hodi tein, lilin kaahi-oan hodi f naroman, no ahi hodi sunu foer iha liur.Atu uza ahi tenke komprende oins kontrola, no hatenesaida mak nia han no saida mak nia la han.

TEORIA BZIKA:Ahi mak prosesu kmika ho naran reasaun osidasaun.Reasaun nee hanesan reasaun baibain, no bele hakerek ihafrmula kmika. Frmula nia sorin karuk mak buat neeb reasaun presiza hodi mosu, no sorin loos mak buatneeb sai husi reasaun. Ahi presiza elementu oxijniu no buat seluk hanesan ai ka mina atu han. Baibainbuat sira-nee mak idro-krbonu; nee katak nia lori idrojen no krbonu barak iha molkula laran. Depois niaf sai elementu krbonu, ka krbonu-dioxidu, ka krbonu-monoxidu maib sempre bee gs (H 2-O). Reasaunms f sai manas no naroman atu ema bele uza. Reasaun sira-nee bele hakerek ho frmula kmika hanesan

tuirmai nee.O2 + HxCy = H2O + [CO2 ka CO ka C] + manas + naroman

Ahi presiza buat tolu hodi moris: 1. oxijniu, 2. manas, 3. buat ruma atu han. Se purezemplu atu halo ahihodi tein, ai no oxijniu prontu ona no ema tenke aumenta deit manas uitoan. Depois se atu hamate ahi, emapresiza hasai deit buat ida entre buat tolu nee. Bainhira hamate ahi dapur, babain hasai ai. Atu hamate lilin,ema huu hodi halo nia malirin. Se doku botir ba lilin ida, orasida nia mate tanba nia uza oxijniu hotu ihabotir nia laran.

Buat hotu iha forma tolu slidu, been (lkidu) no gs no bele troka forma sira-nee sei halo manas kamalirin. Purezemplu bee: bainhira jelu sai manas nia nabeen, no bainhira halo bee been manas nia nakali too

forma gs. Baibain, buat ruma bele sunu so bainhira nia iha forma gs. Ita bele haree gs sunu bainhira itauza iskeiru. Iha iskeiru laran iha been idro-krbonu neeb naran butanu. Iskeiru laran nia presaun boot, nobainhira butanu sai husi iskeiru, nia sai fali gs tanba presaun mak tun. Tuirmai, nia bele sunu kedas.

Mina-rai bele sunu, maib presiza halo nia manas molok halo lakan. Nee tanba mina-rai been tenke saigs atu bele sunu. Bainhira halo nia manas, prosesu evaporasaun lao lailais, no gs barak mak sai. Se hatamakabas ka ai-kesak iha mina rai, buat nee sei lori mina-rai uitoan sae ba leten. Bainhira ahi hakbesik mina-rai,nia sei sai manas no sai fali gs, hafoin nia bele lakan. Bainhira nia lakan ona, mina-rai seluk iha kabas laransei sae tuir, hakbesik ahi, sai manas, sai fali gs no bele halo lakan. Prosesu nee lao nafatin no hotu bain-hira mina-rai maran.

Gsolina been bele sunu no lakan kedas, no la presiza kabas, tanba ninia gs sai husi ninia been makaasliu fali mina-rai nian. Bainhira atu lakan, gazoleu ms presiza halo manas ka hatama kabas ka ai-kesak.

Prosesu neeb hanesan mosu bainhira sunu ai. Obeserva didiak atu bele haree: Bainhira ai maran sai manas,ninia gs ms sai. Dala ruma bele haree been ka mina ida ms sai husi ai, no bele haree been ka mina nee na-kali. Bainhira nia nakali, ninia gs sai, no bele lakan.

Iha ahi nia leten dala ruma bele haree buat ruma hanesan naroman neeb nakdedar iha anin laran. Buatnee mosu tanba anin mak manas, no anin manas iha densidade neeb la hanesan ho anin malirin nian.Nunee, bainhira naroman liu husi anin malirin, tama ba anin manas,no sai fali iha anin malirin, naroman nee ninia dalan hakleuk, notroka beibeik tanba anin manas nee suli sae nafatin. Se naroman niadalan hakleuk no troka beibeik, ema haree hanesan naroman nakdedar.

KOKO TOOK:*Iha moris loroloron, ita sempre uza ahi-kose ka iskeiru hodi halo

lakan ahi. Tempu uluk halakan ahi laos fasil hanesan agora. Abosira bele halakan ahi uza fatuk deit, liu husi maneira hanesan tuirmainee:

Prepara hela ai ida neeb dodok maib maran no ai-sanak


7/19

balun neeb maran atu nunee ahi-klaak neeb mosu bele hanno halo klaak sai barak.

Diak liu halo ho ema nain rua: Ida kaer tua metan tara teen kanuu kulit. Ida seluk kaer fatuk lakan (batu bara) rua.

Sira nain rua hakbesik malu, ida kadi ka kose fatuk ba maluhodi halo ahi-funan ka ahi-klaak.

Bainhira ahi-klaak kiikoan sira mosu husi fatuk lakan, belemonu iha tua metan tara teen ka nuu kulit atu halakan klaak se-

luk. Bainhira ahi-klaak mosu diak iha tua metan tara teen

ka nuu kulit, tau iha ai-dodok no huu hodi halo lakanai dodok neeb prepara uluk.

Ema seluk ms uza ai-lele ka kabas atu simu ahi-klaak. Batar kulit ms bele, maib kleur mak foinlakan.

Fatuk hanesan nee halo ahi-funan tanba bainhirabaku hamutuk sira simu presaun boot no temperaturasai boot. Tuirmai baluk oan kiikoan no manas tebessai husi fatuk nia isin. Ida nee mak ahi-funan.

*Iha maneira seluk abo sira uza: kose ka kado au maran ha-mutuk hodi halo manas. Ida-nee ms presiza buat maran noprontu atu simu ahi-funan ka klaak.

*Maneira ida tan uza ahi mak la husik nia mate. Atu uza ba loron barak presiza ai-tukan boot hanesan ai-daakka ai-kakeu atu bele tahan hodi lakan nafatin. Se hasai husi ahi, ai sira-nee bele sunu neineik no lori tempunaruk mak foin mate. Se hakarak ahi lakan boot fali, huu oituan hodi bele f oxijniu tan, no aumenta aikiikoan seluk.


8/19

Indikadr sidu no baseSasan sidu [LI: asam] no base [LI: basa] tama beibeik iha ita nia umano dapur laran.

DESKRISAUN:Bainhira han derok ka sabraka bele sente siin uitoan. Tua-siin mshanesan. Sabaun ka Rinso halo sasan sente kois, no bainhira tau ha-mutuk ho derok been bele halo furin uitoan. Royal ms furin makaasbainhira tau hamutuk ho tua-siin ka derok been. Karakteristiku sira-nee hotu iha ligsaun ho sidu no base.

TEORIA BZIKA:Bainhira buat ruma kahur ho bee, dala ruma nia sai fali solusaun (lia-fuan kmika [LI: larutan]). Ezemplu solusaun mak masin ka masin-midar neeb kedok iha bee laran. Nee duni, bainhira solusaun mosuduni, la bele haree ona buat neeb tama tiha iha bee laran. Iha solu-saun nia laran, molkula balun mak halai ketak ba malu. Se karik ihaatom idrojniu, nia bele halai mesak hanesan ion H+. Se solusaun

nia ion H

+

mak barak, solusaun sai sidu. Se karik iha ms atom oksi-jniu, bele mosu ion OH-. Se solusaun nia ion OH- mak barak, solu-saun sai base. Nunee, iha derok been no tua siin, iha ion H+ barak,maib iha sabaun no Bayclin, iha ion OH- barak.

Bainhira sidu ida no base ida kahur malu, baibain iha reasaun ruma.Dala ruma atom krbonu buka atom oksijniu hodi sai fali CO2(krbonu dioksidu), nuudar furin. Atom seluk ms bele kahur no halofali molkula foun. Bainhira reasaun mosu hotu, buat neeb hela lahanesan ona ho buat neeb uluk iha.

Buat ruma neeb troka kr tuir solusaun nia nivel sidu ka base naran indikadr. Modo neeb kr violetadala ruma bele sai indikadr.

KOKO TOOK:*Buka modo kr-violeta no halo took indikadr. Ami nia grupu siensia iha UNTL hetan buat rua neebdiak ba indikadr: hudi dubu kulit iha liur no baiam mean (neeb kr violeta). Hudi dubu kulit ami koi nofase ho bee. Baiam mean ami deut makaas, depois fakar no fase ho bee atu hetan been neeb kr-violetamoos. Depois, ami enxe buat ruma neeb sidu ka base hodi haree indikadr troka kr ka lae. Ami hetankatak indikadr rua nee mak troka kr too kr-kafe ka kr-metanbainhira enxe buat neeb base, hanesan Bayclin, hanesan foto ihaleten nee. No ms indikadr troka too kr-violeta moos bainhira

enxe buat neeb sidu, hane-san tua-siin, hanesan mos foto

iha leten.


9/19

Kuru BeeManeira neeb ema hili atu kuru bee depende ba forsa, enerjia noema nia situasaun.

DESKRISAUN:Bee importante tebes ba ema nia moris. Ema barak sei kuru bee husifatin dook. Iha maneira barak hodi kuru bee, ida-idak neeb iha niniadiak no ninia aat.

TEORIA BZIKA:Atu muda bee husi fatin ida too fatin seluk presiza enerjia. Ihamaneira rua hodi gsta enerjia: Ida mak hiit bee ba leten. Bele suraenerjia nee hodi frmula E = mgh (m=masa ho unidade kilograma,g=aselerasaun gravidade=10m/s2, h=aas ho unidade metru). Maneiraseluk gsta enerjia mak atu kontra forsa friksaun. Bele sura enerjianee hodi frmula Ef=Fs (F=forsa neeb ema f ba oin ho unidadenewton=forsa friksaun ba kotuk, s=distansia neeb forsa nee dada kadudu ho unidade metru). Susar atu sura forsa friksaun, entaun susar

atu sura enerjia neeb gsta iha maneira segundu nee. Bainhira emaka kuda lao, friksaun mosu iha ain tur no kidan laran. Se uza karosa,roda halo lakon friksaun barak, maib sei mosu uitoan iha roda klaran(rolamentus nia fatin).

Se bee suli tun husi foho, gravidade sei f forsa saugati. Nunee,se hetan bee matan iha leten, bele hodi au, mangera ka kanu atu ligaba uma no gravidade bele lori bee mai. Se lae, tenke uza enerjia husifatin seluk hodi kuru. Kuda (ka karau) bele f enerjia barak no bele ftulun, maib ema balu deit mak iha kuda. Kuda ms bele f tulunhalo transporte ka duni natar, maib ema ms presiza buka hahan bakuda.

Se dalan diak no ladn aas, bele lori bee ho karosa. Bee ihakarosa laran ema la presiza hiit, no la presiza enerjia barak atu dudukarosa ba oin tanba roda hamenus friksaun. Maib atu lori karosa saefoho susar hanesan deit hiit bee sae. Se lori bee barak, tenke emanain rua ka liutan mak foin bele lori karosa sae.

Se la uza kuda ka karosa, emarasik tenke lori. Hiit deit ho liman halokabas no liman fuan kole, ms kose ain.Bainhira tutur bee, liman no ain la mo-ras, maib halo kakrok no ulun makmoras. Hodi ai-leba halo kabas sorin

sente moras, maib la kose ba ain. Uzamaneira tolu nee hiit, tutur, hodi ai-leba ema sempre lao ba oin no dala ruma ba leten. Enerjia neeb presizamak hanesan deit.

SAS f bee ba ema neeb hela iha sidade liu husi kanu besi. Nia uzabomba boot hodi halo presaun ba bee. Tanba presaun nee, ema liga ba uma, nobee sae deit.

KOKO TOOK:*Halo lista ba maneira sira-neeb estudante uza hodi kuru bee. Halo komparasaun entre buat diak no ladiak ba maneira ida-idak. Tabela ida-nee mak ezemplu ida deit; KETA hatudu ba estudante sira. Tenkehalo ida tan hamutuk ho sira.


10/19

*Bele uza xupador hodi halo buat ruma naran sifon. Enxe bee iha sanan. Tau sanan ho bee besik meza nia ninin. Foti xupador no halo nia hakleuk. Hatama rohan ida iha bee laran, rohan seluk ba kraik.

Xupa bee uitoan husi rohan kraik, depois husik.

Bee suli nafatin.

Sifon bele lori bee sae se nia rohan ida mak tun liu fali nivel bee nian.Se foti rohan neeb iha kraik ba leten, bee la suli ona koko took.

Maneira kuru bee Diak La Diak

Hiit deit Simples, lailais, halo liman kabun

sai boot

Liman no kabas kole, kose

ain

Tutur (hodi hena ka ai-

tahan ruma hodi halo

mamar)

Liman la kole, liman libre, sente

kamaan

Kakrok no ulun sai moras

Hodi ai-leba Liman la kole, la kose ain Kabas sorin sente moras,

Tenke foti rua hodi hetanbalansu

Hodi karosa Bele kuru bee barak dala ida Isin moras tanba presiza fo

forsa boot, presiza hola ho

osan, presiza dalan diak,

labele sae foho aas.

Hodi kuda La kole, bele tuir naran dalan Kuda kole, tenke fo han,

tenke hola kuda

Uza au nuudar kanu Saugati, la kole Foer bele tama, susar atu

dada ba distansia naruk,

bee tun deit labele sae

SAS (kanu boot) Bee mai rasik ho presaun, bele

sae aas.

Dala ruma maran, presiza

eletrisidade, tenke selu,

tenke hela besik sidade.


11/19

Fermentu (Fermipan) no Soda bikarbonate

(Royal)Sasan rua nee fo sai gs krbonu-dioksido hodi halo paun no dosemamar.

DESKRISAUN:Atu halo paun no dose sai diak (mamar no sae), furin kiikoan tenke

mosu iha ninia laran. Fermento no soda bikarbonate bele halo mosufurin nee, maib ho prosesu neeb la hanesan. Fermento tenke tauhamutuk ho masin-midar uitoan. Soda bikarbonate presiza kahur deitho buat neeb sidu uitoan, hanesan susubeen.

Se la uza buat rua nee, paun no dose sei sai toos ho densidade boot, no han ladn diak. Iha Timr, emahan paun no dose uitoan deit, maib iha rai seluk neeb la iha hare no la han ai-farina no batar, paun makimportante tebes. Ema iha fatin hanesan nee sempre presiza hetan maneira ida atu halo furin iha paun laran.

TEORIA BZIKA:Fermento mak fungu oin ida. (Haree topiku Kulat no Fungu.) Nee katak nia moris duni, no bainhira niamoris, nia fo sai krbonu-dioksidu. Fermento baibain neeb sosa iha loja, habai maran ona. Depois bainhira

halo bokon, tau masin-midar, no halo manas uitoan, nia moris diak no hah fo sai krbonu-dioksidu.Soda bikarbonate mak kmika ho formula NaHCO3. Nia bele haloreasaun ho buat sidu. Bainhira buat sidu kahur hamutuk ho soda bikar-bonate no reasaun mosu tiha ona, rezultadu mak krbonu-dioksidu nokmika foun ida tan (neeb ita sei bele han). Reasaun nee la presiza ma-sin-midar, no ms la presiza halo manas. Maib bainhira soda bikarbon-ate sai manas, nia rasik ms bele fo sai krbonu-dioksidu.

KOKO TOOK:*Halo esperimentu simples atu haree rezultadu bainhira kahur sidu ho soda bi-

karbonate. Enxe tua-siin uitoan iha botir laran Tau soda bikarbonate kanuru ida Taka botir ibun lailais ho balaun Haree nia sae too iha neeb

Depois halo fali dala barak, maib troka kuantidade tua-siin no soda bikarbon-ate. Bele ms sura balaun atu haree nia sae sentimetru hira ba esperimentu ida-idak, no hakerek hotu iha tabela ka halo grfiku.

*Halo esperimentu simples atu haree rezultadu bainhira kahur fermentu ho beemanas no masin-midar.

Enxe bee morna iha botir laran Tau masin-midar no kedok ho bee Tau fermentu uitoan no kahur ho bee Taka botir ibun ho balaun Hein no haree nia sae hira


12/19

Prosesu ida-nee kleur uitoan. Karik tenke hein too oras ida ka rua. Nunee, diak liu halo esperimentu barakdala ida, purezemplu:

*Bele ms haree katak bainhira anin sai manas nia sai boot. Taka botir ibun hobalaun no halo botir sai manas. Balaun sei sai boot. Ida-nee la hanesan esperi-

mentu rua iha leten, tanba gs iha laran la aumenta, maib sai boot deit.

* Halo bee ho sabraka been ka derok been no masin-midar, depois tau soda bikarbonate kanuru ida. Kedokdidiak no koko took. Soda bikarbonate halo reasaun ho sidu iha sabraka ka derok been. Bele sente kr-bonu-dioksidu sai husi bee laran ka lae?

Bee, kopu hira Fermentu,kanuru hira

Masin-midar,

kanuru hira1 1 1

1 2 1

1 1 2

2 1 1

2 2 1

No seluseluk tan


13/19

Rai ai-han kleurIha maneira barak atu prevene ai-han sai aat, siin, ka dodok.

DESKRISAUN:Ai-han dala ruma barak liu no ema hakarak rai hela atu han ba abanbainrua. Se rai deit ai-han iha dapur laran, baibain ai-han sira-neesei sai siin ka dodok, ka hetan estraga husi insetu ka ular. Tenke ha-noin didiak atu bele rai kleur. Iha maneira lima neeb ema uzabeibeik iha Timr, no ami nia grupu iha UNTL halo lista ai-hanneeb rai kleur hanesan tuirmai nee:

Lista nee hanesan ezemplu deit. Diak liu, mestre labele uza lista nee, maib husu ba estudante sira atuhalo lista foun kona ba maneira rai ai-han kleur iha Ita nia fatin.

TEORIA BZIKA:Ai-han sai siin ka dodok tanba razaun rua: #1 insetu, bakteria ka fungu mosu iha ninia laran no han nia, ka #2,ai-han nia sel sira mate no troka forma tuir reasaun kmika natural neeb mosu entre ai-han nia sel sira noanin ka bee neeb kona nia.

Atu bele rai kleur ai-han ruma, tenke prevene prosesu sira-nee. Bainhirahalo buat ruma maran, bee la iha atu hamosu prosesu kmika ka biolojia neeb

bele estraga ai-han nee. Dala ruma bainhira maran, ai-han sei troka ninia formaka ninia sabor uitoan, maib bainhira hoban, ai-han sei diak atu han.

Bainhira tau masin hamutuk ho ai-han, ka hatama ai-han iha alkol ka tuasiin, bakteria no fungu labele moris ona. (Tanba nee ema ms tau alkol, nodala ruma masin, iha kanek atu hamate bakteria no fungu.) Bainhira ai-han tauhamutuk ho masin, alkol ka tua siin, nia karik sai dodok, maib ninia sel seidiak atu han. Nunee, bele rai kleur. Ahu mama bele halo ular no insetu lagosta han ai-han ida-nee, maib musan sira-nee tenke habai maran.

Bainhira sona buat ruma, nee halo nia manas no hamate bakteria no mikro-bio seluk hotu neeb hela ho nia. Ms, sona ai-han ruma halo mina belit baninia isin tomak. Mina nee bele taka ai-han nia superfsie atu mikrobio labeletama.

Ai-han balu ladn estavel, hanesan tomate, pepinu, fehuk ropa, no modo tahan barak, purezemplu, kanko,modo mutin, modo metan, agriaun, baiam, no alfase. Se la han lailais, sira sai aat; susar atu rai hela. Baibainai-han hanesan nee lori bee barak iha sel laran, no la iha kulit atu proteje husi bakteria ka fungu neeb maihusi liur. Bainhira sel sira lakon bee, sira mate no sai dodok ka la diak ona atu han. Nunee ema neeb

Habai maran:Musan (koto, batar,

hare)Ai-farinaFehuk midarNaanIkan

Ai-manasKafeLiisBudu-tasiAi-farina tahanAi-dila funan (tau

masin)BuaKinur, ai-liaForma krupuk

oioin

Tau masin:IkanBoek (balisan)Modo metanNaan (karau, rusa,

bibi, kuda)Ai-manas

HaasBilimbiDerok

Tau alkol katua-siin:

Naan kulitBariaAi-fuan midar (ai-

dila tasak, hudi,uvas, ai-nanas

tasak)

Tau ahu:ForeBatar (ba fini

ms bele)

Sona ho mina:NaanHudiFehukAi-farinaTalasBatar (halo funan)

Kulu kisarIkanKrupuk


14/19

faan modo hanesan nee tenke rega bee beibeik atu sel sira la mate no la sai dodok.Ai-han balu seluk lori bee barak, maib iha kulit diak atu proteje isin, hanesan bateka, nuu, batar, jambua,

sabraka, goiabas no liis. Repollu nia tahan iha liur bele mate no proteje tahan sira iha laran. Ai-han ho kulitdiak hanesan nee bele rai kleur uitoan.

KOKO TOOK:*Husu ba abo sira kona-ba mtodu neeb uluk sira uza atu rai ai-han. Koko fali halo metodo hanesan nee.

*Dala ruma abo sira uluk koko maneira hotu atu rai kleur ai-han, maib ita sei bele koko took maneira foun.Purezemplu,

Se tau modo tahan iha tua-siin ka tua sabo, sa mak mosu? Bele rai semana ida, depois tein, han? Belekoko mos ho pepinu, tomate ka seluk tan.

Bele koa ai-fuan ba baluk, no habai maran atu han ba aban bainrua? Bele koko ho ai-dila, goiabas,hudi, ai-nanas, haas, no seluseluk tan.

Ai-manas ho masin mak diak, nunee, bele koko mos liis mutin, liis mean, kinur, ai-lia, no seluseluktan.


15/19

Eletrisidade no Magnetizmu

Rdiu no televizaunRdiu no televizaun simu informasaun liuhusi sinl neeb antena f sai, depoisf sai lian tuir sinl.

DESKRISAUN:Agora bele sosa rdiu baratu liu. Ema hanoin buat nee simples deit, maibrdiu ms hanesan teknolojia neeb nivel aas. Ema foin deskobre no dezen-volve rdiu besik tinan 1900. Iha rdiu oin barak, maib sira-nia funsaun hane-san: simu informasaun no f sai lian. Televizaun baibain hanesan deit rdiu,maib televizaun simu informasaun barak liu rdiu atu bele ms f sai imajen holian.

TEORIA BZIKA :Bainhira ita rona ema koalia iha rdiu, ema nee koalia daudaun duni ihaestdiu estasaun rdiu nian. Nia koalia ba mikrofone deit, no ema barak

neeb dook husi estasaun rdiu bele rona. Prosesu mosu hanesan nee: Mikrofone simu lian no troka lian ba sinl eltriku. Sinl nee tama iha instrumentu eletrniku neeb hatutan sinl ba antena

boot iha liur. Antena troka sinl eltriku nee ba sinl laloran rdiu no habelar sinl ida-

nee ba diresaun hotu. Ita labele haree laloran rdiu. Se ema ho rdiu ladn dook husi antena nee, rdiu bele simu sinl laloran

rdiu nee liuhusi ninia antena kiik. Rdiu troka sinl laloran rdiu ba sinl eltriku neeb hanesan deit ida

neeb mikrofone mak halo iha estasaun rdiu nian. Rdiu hatutan sinl eltriku ida-nee tama iha ninia spiker laran. Spiker rdiu troka sinl eltriku ba lian, no f sai ba diresaun hotu. Lian

nee atu hanesan ho lian ida neeb ema koalia sai iha estdiu laran. Se karik ema besik rdiu, bele rona lian ida-nee.

Lian halai ladn dook iha anin laran. Laloran rdiu halai dook liu, no ms bele liuhusi uma ninia didin lolon,ai-hun, no buat seluk tan. Tanba nee ema la presiza haree antena boot atu simu sinl no rona rdiu. Maib seba dook husi antena boot, ka se karik iha foho neeb taka antena boot, rdiu labele simu sinl ona.

Laloran rdiu bele mosu ho frekunsia barak. Estasaun rdiu f sai laloran ho frekunsia ida deit. Emaho rdiu tenke buka atu simu frekunsia ida-nee. Iha rdiu baibain, iha fatin rua deit, hanesan: AM, husi 535too 1605khz (kilohertz), no FM, husi 88 too 108mhz (megahertz). Rdiu balu ms iha Shortwave (SW)

neeb uza frekunsia seluk tan. AM (Modulasaun Amplidaun) no FM (Modulasaun Frekunsia) makmaneira rua neeb instrument iha estasaun hatama informasaun lian nian iha laloran rdiu nian. Televizaunbaibain uza frekunsia 54 too 88Mhz ba kanl 2-6, 174 too 216Mhz ba kanl 7-13. (TV parabola la hane-san.)

KOKO TOOK:*Hili estasaun ida neeb ladn moos. Troka rdiu nia pozisaun, no ms antena kiiknia pozisaun; buka atu rona diak liu. Kaer antena ho liman ka liga ba fiu, sanan, kasanan matan atu haree took se rdiu bele simu diak liu ka lae.


16/19

*Foti rdiu kiik no sanan ka tasu boot. Halo esperimentu sira tuirmai nee hodi hareese rdiu bele simu laloran rdiu ka lae:

Doku sanan ba rdiu. Taka rdiu nia antena, no hatama rdiu basanan laran. Loke antena atu sai husi sanan.

Taka antena, no taka sanan matan.

Taka sanan matan, maib loke antena atu sai husi sanan.

Taka sanan matan, loke antena uitoan atu nia foin bele sai, no konaho liman.

Taka ho kaixa kartaun deit.

Sanan halo ho alumniu ka besi. Buat rua nee mak kondutr, no laloran rdiu la-bele liuhusi buat neeb taka ho kondutr. Maib se antena bele sai husi sanan,dala ruma rdiu sei bele simu laloran rdiu. Kartaun mak izoladr. Laloran rdiubele liu kedas husi buat ruma neeb izoladr, entaun rdiu iha kaixa laran seisimu nafatin laloran rdiu.


17/19

TelemovelTelemovel simu laloran rdiu hanesan deit rdiu, maib ms bele ha-ruka laloran rdiu ba fali antena boot.

DESKRISAUN:Ohinloron telemovel bele uza ona iha rea barak Timr laran, maibseidauk fatin hotu. Nee kapas tanba, maski karu uitoan, bele koaliaho ema husi naran fatin iha rai-klaran, no la presiza liga ba arame.Telemovel nia istria mak badak deit: tinan 20 liub, telemovel makboot no todan. Tinan 30 liub, seidauk iha.

TEORIA BZIKA:Telemovel hanesan deit rdiu: bele simu laloran rdiu husi antena boot ida neeb dook. Depois, telemovelbele troka sinl nee ba lian neeb spiker f sai atu ita bele rona ema seluk koalia. Maib telemovel msbelef sai laloran rdiu, atu antena boot bele simu maski nia dook. Nee duni, informasaun neeb telemovelsimu laos sai husi estasaun rdiu, maib husi telemovel seluk. Telemovel simu no haruka laloran rdiu dalaida.

Sinl nia dalan hanesan nee:

Ema koalia ba mikrofone telemovel nian. Mikrofone troka ema nia lian ba sinl eltriku. Telemovel troka sinl eltriku ba laloran rdiu, habelar sai. Antena boot mak simu. Antena boot habelar fali laloran rdiu ba telemovel seluk. Telemovel seluk mak simu. Telemovel troka laloran rdiu ba sinl eltriku. Telemovel f sinl eltriku nee ba spiker. Spiker troka sinl eltriku ba lian. Ema rona lian sai husi telemovel nia spiker.

Telemovel idaidak nia nmeru la hanesan. Nunee, antena boot hatene telemovel ida neeb mak haruka dau-daun sinl. Antena boot ms haruka sinl atu telemovel ida deit mak bele simu. Antena boot liga ba kompu-tadr ho kapasidade boot hodi halo ligasaun ba telemovel barabarak.

KOKO TOOK: Uza telemovel besik rdiu ka televizaun. Dala ruma rdiu ka televizaun bele simu uitoan telemovel nia

laloran rdiu no ema bele rona lian oin seluk.

Tau telemovel iha sanan laran. Uza telemovel seluk hodi bolu nia(missed call deit). Taka sanan matan, duku, no seluk tan, hanesandeit esperimentu Rdiu nian, atu haree se telemovel bele simu

sinl ka lae.


18/19

Televizaun ParabolaParabola bele simu sinl direitamente husi satlite.

DESKRISAUN:Ema iha Timr bele sosa parabola no haree programa oioin husi rai seluk. Pa-rabola tenke tau iha liur, hatudu ba leten no ba fatin ida espesil. Depois ligaparabola ba televizaun atu bele haree programa sira. Loro, udan no kalohanladn halo influnsia ba programa sira.

TEORIA BZIKA:Se Ita hakarak haree programa ruma, ita-nia televizaun tenke simu sinl neeblori informasaun programa nian. Sinl nee tama televizaun liuhusi arame.Mkina DVD ka VHS bele f sinl ba televizaun atu bele haree vdeo ruma.Maib atu haree programa husi fatin seluk, tenke simu sinl husi liur.

Televizaun no rdiu baibain uza antena kiik hodi simu sinl husi antena boot neeb ladn dook husi nia.Porezemplu, ema hotu neeb iha televizaun iha Dili bele simu TVTL, tanba TVTL habelar sinl husi antenaboot neeb hamriik iha dalan ba Hera (Fatuahi). Maib dala ruma ema iha foho dook labele simu TVTLtanba dook liu no sinl la bele liu husi foho, fatuk no rai barak. Ema iha Lospalos bele simu TVTL, maib

laos husi antena iha dalan ba Hera. Iha antena boot seluk iha Lospalos neeb habelar sinl ba ema ihaneeb.Parabola la presiza antena boot. Parabola simu sinl husi satlite neeb hadulas rai-klaran. Ema bele uza

parabola iha naran fatin ida neeb bele haree satlite ida-nee. Nunee, iha foho dook, ka ai-laran, se emabele hetan eletrisidade, bele uza parabola.

Agora iha satlite barak neeb hadulas daudaun Rai-klaran. Satlite nia aas mak bele too 40km. Sira-niatamau bele boot hanesan karreta kiik. Dala ruma ita bele haree satlite ida iha kalan bainhira loro foinmonu. Bainhira loro monu ita la bele haree ona loro, maib ninia naroman sei bele kona satlite, tanba satlitemak aas liu. Satlite la iha ninia naroman rasik, hanesan ms ho fulan, neeb reflete deit naroman husi loro-matan.

Satlite sira neeb ita bele haree halai iha lalehan laos satlite neeb f sinl ba parabola, tanba satlite

sira nee la halai ida. Iha rbita ida neeb hadulas rai-klaran iha tempu ezatamente hanesan rai-klaran niatempu dulas. rbita ida-nee naran rbita geosinkrnika, no satlitesira neeb tuir rbita nee sempre semo iha rai-klaran nia fatin idadeit nia leten. Fatin barak iha rai-klaran bele haree satlite iha rbitageosinkrnika, no bele simu sinl husi sira.

Satlite sira simu sinl husi parabola boot iha rai-klaran. Kom-paia neeb halo programa transmite sinl ba satlite, tuirmai satlitehabelar fali ba rai-klaran nia fatin barak. Timr Telekom iha parabolaboot hanesan nee iha Kaikoli, Dili. Parabola hanesan nee bele simuno ms bele transmite sinl. Timr Telekom laos transmite programatelevizaun maib transmite ema nia bolu husi telefone. Bainhira ema

bolu ba rai seluk, Timr Telekom uza parabola boot iha Kaikoli hoditransmite mensajen ba satlite ida, neeb transmite fali ba parabolaiha fatin seluk, neeb liga ba telefone ka telemovel ba ema neeb koalia ho ema iha Timr.

Parabola mak forma ida espesil matemtika nian. Ninia karakterstiku ida mak bainhira radisaun ele-tromagntiku tama ba nia, radisaun nee reflete too fatin ida deit iha klaran. Nunee, radiasaun bele tamauitoan deit, maib pontu nee iha klaran bele simu barak. Teleskopio refletor nia lalenok ms iha forma pa-rabola, no naroman ms reflete husi nia no fokus fali iha pontu ida deit.

KOKO TOOK:*Kalan, tempu neeb loro foin monu, ba liur no buka satlite. Satlite haree hanesan deit fitun, maib halaineineik ba lalehan. Dala ruma bele haree satlite halai ba lalehan parte ida, depois lakon, tanba loro la belekona ona nia.


19/19

*Se iha parabola, koko took taka nia atu haree se sinl bele liu ka lae. Porezemplu, koko took taka ho sasanhanesan tuirmai nee:

Kartaun Ai-tahan (tali ka akadiru) Ai (triplex) Kaln

Baibain kaln deit bele halo para sinl. Nunee, kalohan boot ka udan ms labele halo influnsia ba sinlneeb parabola simu husi satlite.

*Ema nain rua hamriik hamutuk no foti bola iha sira-nia klaran. Ema rua nee taka matan ida, no marka liahaleu ba bola nia rea neeb bele haree. Bele haree bola nia superfsie hotu ka lae? Depois halo fali hoema nain tolu.

Iha demonstrasaun ida-nee, bola hanesan rai-klaran no ema nia matan hanesan satlite. Fatin neeb ma-tan bele haree hanesan fatin iha rai-klaran neeb bele simu sinl husi satlite ida. Atu haree rai-klaran tomak,satlite rua la bele. Presiza tolu ka liutn.

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Ensiklopedia Uma Dapur Elektrisidade