Enhancing our Heritage Workbook

Context

Tool 1. Identifying Site Values and Management Objectives

Tool 2: Identifying Threats

Tool 3a and b: Relationships with Stakeholders/Partners

Tool 4: Review of National Context

Planning

Tool 5: Assessment of Management Planning

Tool 6: Design Assessment

Inputs

Tool 7: Assessment of Management Needs and Inputs

Processes

Tool 8: Assessment of Management Processes

Outputs

Tool 9: Assessment of Management Plan Implementation

Tool 10: Assessment of Work/Site Output Indicators

Outcomes

Tool 11: Monitoring and assessing the Outcomes of Management

Effectiveness

Appropriate-ness

Effectiveness

EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate-ness

StatusFocus of evaluatio

n

Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives

Results of management actions

Services and products

Suitability of management processes

Resourcing of agency

Resourcing of site

PA legislation and policy

PA system design

Reserve design

Management planning

Significance

Threats

Vulnerability

National policy

Partners

Criteria

Outcomes

What did we

achieve?

Outputs

What were the

results?

Process

How do we go

about it?

Inputs

What do we need?

Planning

Where do we

want to be?

Context

Where are we now?

Contents of

evaluation

• Design and implementation of management effectiveness monitoring and assessment

• Advice on indicators and assessment methods

• Encourages modification to suit needs and circumstances

• Incorporate existing monitoring and assessment systems

Adaptable tools?• Not one assessment systems, but a

series of tools that provide a sound base for adaptive management through the assessment of management effectiveness

• Integrate with existing systems • Designed to be adaptable• Linked to management processes• Different levels of participation • Different frequencies, i.e. annual

assessment of inputs, 5 years assessment of outcomes

How where the tools developed?

• Adaptation and best practice• Working with sites during initial assessment• Adaptation following initial assessment

– Individual experiences of sites– Meeting of all site

• Reflection, adaptation and field testing• Specific workshops, i.e. Tool 11: Monitoring

and assessing the Outcomes of Management • Regional workshops before final assessment• Publish in 2007/8

Format of tools• Wording specific to World Heritage sites but

easily adaptable to any protected area• Most assessments are qualitative, based

on:– data sheets assessing strengths or

weaknesses – rating assessment against best practice

benchmarks – results should draw on monitoring results

• Quantitative data is used in assessments of inputs, outputs and outcomes

• All tools stress the need to include comment and explanation and clear recommendations and next steps

Context Tools

• Tool 1: Identifying Site Values and Management Objectives

• Background: Developed from TNC methodology for identifying priority conservation targets

• Concept: Define ‘key’ values and associated objectives which drive management and the assessment process

• Methodology and datasheet: guides sites through the process of identifying range of values for biodiversity cultural, economic, educational and social values

Bwindi

Management Objectives

World Heritage values reflected in objective

Additional values reflected in objective

Biodiversity Values

Mountain gorillas

Endangered species Population and health

Habitat Afro-montane, continuous forest

Lowland-medium to High altitude forest and high altitude wetlands.

Other endemic species

Species endemic and endangered that exist in BINP

Numbers, home-ranges

Other Natural values

Climate modification

Rainfall Humidity and temperature

Water catchments

Source of rivers for both domestic and wildlife use.

Water quality and quantity

Carbon sink Forest absorption of excess CO2

Vegetation

Scenery Landscape

Cultural/Social values

Revenue generation from tourism activities

Gorilla tracking, Bird watching, Nature walks

Non-timber forest Products

Resource off takes (Medicinal, weaving materials, honey)

Education and Research

Research Institutions, School study tours, and independent researchers.

• Tool 2: Identifying Threats • Background: Developed from work

carried out by TNC• Concept: Understanding the sources

and impacts of threats and the urgency of action

• Methodology and datasheet: Guidance on characteristics of current and potential threats for each value identified in tool 1 and summarise its impacts (area and intensity) and assesses the urgency of actions

Threats to Biodiversity Values (Refer to values identified in Tool 1)

Threat Sources of threat

Impact of threat

AreaIntensity

Urgency of action

Action

Current sources

Potential sources

• Tool 3 (a and b): Relationships with Stakeholders/Partners

• Background: a) draws on assessment developed in Australia; b) developed from work carried out by TNC

• Concept: Reviews the roles of stakeholder in management, rather than engagement in management

• Methodology and datasheet: identifies the diverse groups of stakeholders of the protected area and review their relationships with managers

• Tool 4: National Context• Background: Developed from the

WCPA Framework• Concept: Reviews how national and

international policies, legislation and government actions affect the effective management of a protected area

• Methodology and datasheet: Simple data sheet which looks at the strengths and weaknesses of policy and legislation

Context

• Tool 5: Assessment of Management Planning

• Background: Developed from best practice in protected area planning

• Concept: Reviews status of planning documents and assesses the primary decision making document

• Methodology and datasheet: decision-making framework; adequacy of information; needs and interests of any local and indigenous communities and other stakeholders

Planning

• Tool 6: Design Assessment • Background: Developed from best practice

in protected area design• Concept: How the size, location and

boundaries affect management • Methodology and datasheet: Assessment

of the strengths and weaknesses of design:– ecological integrity (key habitats, size,

external interactions and connectivity)– community well-being (cultural integrity

and livelihoods) – how design affects the ease of

management of the site (legal status and tenure, access points and neighbours)

Input Assessment• Tool 7: Assessment of Management Needs

and Inputs • Background: System developed in Australia

and datasheet developed by UWA for Bwindi• Concept: Evaluate management needs and

the resources going to the site • Methodology and datasheet:

– Model for carrying out a needs assessment structured around primary planning document (management plan)

– Assesments of available resources (staff, equipment, infrastructure and funding)

Staff category

Location

Required no. of staff

Current no. of staff

No. of trained staff

Type of training required

Level of training

Comments/Responses

Poor

Fair

Good

Very

g

ood

Exce

llen

t

• Tool 8: Assessment of Management Processes

• Background: Developed from an appendix in the first edition of the WCPA Framework and adapted following experiences developing the METT

• Concept: Define desired standards for management and assess current management practices against best practices

• Methodology and datasheet: Multiple choice questionnaire assessing performance (which should be adapted to site conditions) from poor to very good

Processes

Education and awareness programme

Is there a planned education programme?

There is no education and awareness programme

Poor

There is a limited and ad hoc education and awareness programme, but no overall planning for this

Fair

There is a planned education and awareness programme but there are still serious gaps either in the plan or in implementation

Good

There is a planned, implemented and effective education and awareness programme fully linked to the objectives and needs of the World Heritage site

Very good

• Tool 9: Assessment of Management Plan Implementation or Tool 10: Assessment of Work/Site Output Indicators

• Background: Fraser Island in Australia, Serengeti National Park

• Concept: Is the management plan and/or work programme being implemented and what are the results, or outputs, from the management process?

• Methodology and datasheet: System for ranking implementation status of activities outlined in primary planning document

Outputs

Ranking actions

• Action has been completed or policy is in place

• Action is making substantial progress in all areas

• Some work has commenced in all or some areas

• Policy and/or planning stages are complete but have not been implemented

• Planning is in progress • Work is only reactive and not to a set plan• Action has not commenced

General Management Plan implemetation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Completed Substantialprogress

Planningcomplete, work

commenced

Policy/planningcomplete

Planning inprogress

Reactive workonly

Not commenced

Status of actions in plan

Nu

mb

er o

f ac

tio

ns

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Serengeti: Management Zone Plan Implementation

Management Plan Implementation

Database• Database that mirrors the structure and

content of the management plan• Management plan in an electronic form

more accessible to managers for daily use• Track individual actions over time and effort

put into different management areas• Captures comments on adjustments to plan• Aids plan review and preparation of annual

plans and three-year rolling programme• Can search management plan for actions

relating to a particular topic

Outcomes• Tool 11: Monitoring and assessing the

Outcomes of Management • Background: Workshop on common

elements of systems developed by TNC, Parks Canada and Kruger National Park, field tested in Serengeti

• Concept: Assess if management is protecting the values for which the site was designated

• Methodology and datasheet: Developing a monitoring plan (or deciding if an existing one is good enough), assessment of outcomes using the results of monitoring

Ecological Integrity Assessment

Monitoring Report

Tanzania Carnivore Centre

SENAPA Ecological Monitoring

Serengeti Biodiversity Project Rhino Project

Information Iceberg

Step 1: Setting the management objectives (see tool 1) has already identified a group of attributes and agents of change that need to be monitored

Step 2: Make an initial choice of measures / indicators to reflect the management objectives

Step 5: Compare data needed with existing monitoring processes / data and identify gaps

Step 6: Develop detailed monitoring protocols

Step 8: Assessment of management outcomes (initially to establish a baseline and then to monitor against this baseline)

Step 7: Develop a data management system

Step 4: Finalise indicators

Step 3: Refine this draft list of indicators and determine their thresholds and power to detect change

Optional step 3a: identify responses to a breach of the thresholds

Conservation target 1: The migration

Traditional migratory routes

Population size of key species

Productivity / recruitment

Forage quality/spatial availability

Indicator: Seasonal migratory movements (in the west of the Grumeti River (Ikona WMA); East Kuka/West Loliondo route to Kenya; Salai Plains, Lake Victoria; Maswa, Grumeti and Ikorongo GR)Target: The Migration Key Ecological Attributes: Traditional migratory routesJustification for selection: Threats to the ecosystem which support the migration route, especially in the areas outlined above

Minimum integrity thresholds

Confidence level of threshold

Monitoring activity

Monitoring details (status, protocols, responsibilities etc)

Cost and funding source

Management options/implications

If there is a breakdown of traditional migratory routes

High Current: Ranger reports daily and anti-poaching patrol that follows migration

Need system to systemise and analyse information into GIS system

SNP, FZS Increasing the protection status for areas covered by the migration outside of the Park. Implementing Speke Bay corridor - migration route to Lake Victoria in dry season.Current:

Wildebeest Collars(suggest that this is probably not a cost-effective method of monitoring migratory routes)

Information from eight collars has been collected over the last # years but seven collars are no longer in operation. For this type of monitoring to be effective some 40 collars would need to be operating.

US$4,000 per collar

New: Mapping migratory routes through aerial point survey

Monthly surveys during times when migration is outside Park boundary

SNP, FZS, TAWIRI(affordable and staff have skills needed)

Ecological Integrity Assessment

Monitoring Report

Tanzania Carnivore Centre

SENAPA Ecological Monitoring

Serengeti Biodiversity Project Rhino Project

Information Iceberg

Target 1: The Migration

IndicatorMinimum integrity

thresholdStatus Trend

Seasonal migratory movements If there is a breakdown of traditional migratory routes

Concern Unchanged

Population size of large ungulates Major unexpected fluctuation Good Unchanged

Population size of key carnivores except lions

Major unnatural fluctuations Good (But leopards not surveyed)

Unchanged

Population size of lions Major fluctuations in populations Good Unchanged

Recruitment of key species Declining juveniles Good Unchanged

Mortality of key species Unexplained mortality Good Unchanged

Rainfall patterns and trends Increased frequency and severity of droughts

Good (But more data analysis needed)

Unchanged

Fire patterns and extent of dry season fires

Any fires in fire refuge areas Concern Unchanged

Trend in poaching off-take Increased trend in poaching off-take

Significant concern No trend established

Continuing popl. pressure and extent of cultivation near migratory routes

If human popl. pressure has major impacts on ecosystem integrity

Significant concern Deteriorating (but needs more monitoring)

Intact park boundary If there was major damage to park boundary beacons

Concern(But beacons not yet complete)

(Too early to see trends)

Agricultural are in the NCA Increasing trends in agriculture (Monitoring to be carried out)

(Monitoring to be carried out)

Ecological Integrity Assessment

Monitoring Report

Tanzania Carnivore Centre

SENAPA Ecological Monitoring

Serengeti Biodiversity Project Rhino Project

Information Iceberg

Ecological IntegrityA draft assessment measured against key

management targets

Overview of each target and a breakdown of status and trends of individual indicators

Ecological Integrity Assessment

Monitoring Report

Tanzania Carnivore Centre

SENAPA Ecological Monitoring

Serengeti Biodiversity Project Rhino Project

Information Iceberg

EoH Workbook

• Structured around the Framework• 11 tools which can assess a range of

indicators • Tools can be adapted to suit a site’s

individual needs:– supplement existing assessment activities – point of reference to develop new assessment

tools to meet site needs– build a complete assessment system from the

start