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Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems Christian Gütl Institute of Information Systems and Computer Media (IICM), Graz University of Technology, Austria School of Information Systems, Curtin Univerity of Technology, Perth, WA Alexander Nussbaumer (Presenter) Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria Knowledge Management Institute, Graz University of Technology, Austria CADGME 2009 Hangenberg, Austria 12 July 2009

Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

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Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems. Christian Gütl Institute of Information Systems and Computer Media (IICM), Graz University of Technology, Austria School of Information Systems, Curtin Univerity of Technology, Perth, WA Alexander Nussbaumer (Presenter) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

Christian GütlInstitute of Information Systems and Computer Media (IICM), Graz University of Technology, Austria

School of Information Systems, Curtin Univerity of Technology, Perth, WA

Alexander Nussbaumer (Presenter)Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria

Knowledge Management Institute, Graz University of Technology, Austria

CADGME 2009Hangenberg, Austria

12 July 2009

Page 2: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 2

Agenda

• Introduction

• Isabelle for Calculations in Applied Mathematics (ISCA)

• Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

• Combining both Approaches

• Implemenation

• Conclusion and Outlook

Page 3: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 3

Introduction

Isabell for Calculations in Applied Mathematics Project

ISAC System

Single stepping CAS

Focus on micro level (single problems)

+ help on solving problems

- no adaptation, learning path, profile

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory

CbKST Tools

Psychological theory and application

Focus on macro level (combination of problems)

+ user knowledge, learning paths

- assessment items are "black boxes"

Combining both approaches

=> assessment and guidance on micro and macro level

=> improvement of ISAC through CbKST

=> improvement of CbKST through ISAC

Page 4: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 4

Isabell for Calculations in Applied Mathematics (ISAC)

ISAC can automatically solve algebraic tasks … and …..

ISAC is useful for educational purposes, because:

• solution can also be done step by step (single stepping system) by rewriting terms

• interaction with learner

• learner gets feedback from ISAC after each step

• rules applied in each step are revealed to the learner

• learner is supported in each step

• ISAC "knows" the rules needed to solve a term

• ISAC "knows" if the learner can solve a problem AND "knows" which rules the leaner can apply or not apply

Usually mathematical learning systems only "know" if a learner can solve a problem or not

Page 5: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 5

Isabell for Calculations in Applied Mathematics (ISAC)

Page 6: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 6

Isabell for Calculations in Applied Mathematics (ISAC)

Page 7: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 7

Isabell for Calculations in Applied Mathematics (ISAC)

Page 8: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 8

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

Knowledge Space Theory (KST) - behaviouristic theory

• knowledge domain (Q) := set of problems

• prerequisite relations between problems due to psychological reasons

• knowledge state := problems a person can solve (subset of Q)

• learning goal := problems a person should be able to solve

Example: Q = {a, b, c, d, e}

a) 378 x 605 = ?b) 58.7 x 0.94 = ?c) 1/2 x 5/6 = ?d) 30% of 34?e) Gwendolyn is 3/4 as old

as Rebecca. Rebecca is 2/5 as old as Edwin. Edwin is 20 years old. How old is Gwendolyn?

c

e

b

d

a

Page 9: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 9

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

Knowledge Space Theory (KST) - behaviouristic theory

• knowledge structure := set of possible knowledge states with respect to prerequisite relations between problems

{ a , b , c, d }

{ a , b , c, d , e }

{ a , b , c, e }

{c}

{ a, c}

{ a, b , c }

{ a }

{ a , b }

{ a, b , d }

c

e

b

d

a

Page 10: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 10

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

{ a, b , c, d }

{ a, b , c, d, e }

{ a, b , c, e }

{c}

{ a, c}

{ a, b , c }

{ a }

{ a, b }

{ a, b , d }

χχ

χχ

χχ

χ

χχ

Adaptive Assessment

• problem b sloved

• problem d solved

• problem c not solved

{ a, b , c, d }

{ a, b , c, d, e }

{ a, b , c, e }

{c}

{ a, c}

{ a, b , c }

{ a }

{ a, b }

{ a, b , d }

Personal Learning Paths

Page 11: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 11

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

Competence-based extension: KST -> CbKST

• introducing competences / skills: cognitive constructs

• assigning skills to problems: skills needed to solve a problem

• assigning skills to learning objects: skills taught by a learning object

• assigning skills to learners: learners have available skills

• => relation between problems, learning objects, and learners

Problems

Learning Objects

Skills

Page 12: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 12

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

• prerequisite relations between skills (due to psychological reasons)

• competence state: set of skills which a learner has available

• learning goal: set of skills which a learner should have available

knowing square knowing triangle

knowing

right triangle

understanding calculation of the area of a square

applying the Pythagorean

Theorem

stating the sides of a right triangle

Page 13: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 13

Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST)

• CbKST is a prominent method to achieve adaptivity in e-learning systems (adaptive assessment and adaptive learning paths)

• set-theoretic psychological mathematical framework for– structuring knowledege domains

– representing knowledge of learners

– representing learning goals

– adaptive and efficient assessment

– personalised learning paths: tailored to learner‘s current competence state and learning goal

• performing learning cycle (example):1. structuring domains (domain expert)

2. define learning goal (by teacher/tutor or learner)

3. adaptive assessment (learner)

4. personalised learning path based on kowledge/cometence state (learner)

5. goto 2.

– visual feedback in every step

Page 14: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 14

Combining ISAC and CbKST

Approach 1

• determine the sequence of problems according to CbKST

• determine knowledge and competence state according to result of problems

Page 15: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 15

Combining ISAC and CbKST

Approach 1

1. CbKST: domain model has to be created

2. CbKST: set a learning goal as set of skills

3. CbKST: calculate which problem should be posed to learner

4. ISAC: problem is posed to learner, learner goes step by step through

5. ISAC: result is sent to CbKST

6. CbKST: if knowledge state has not been found, thenaccording to result, next problem is posed to learner (goto 3)

7. CbKST: if kowledge state has been found, thencalculate competence state (reason available skills)

8. CbKST: according to knowledge and competence stateappropriate learning objects are selected

9. ISAC: learning objects are presented to the learner

Page 16: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 16

Combining ISAC and CbKST

Approach 2:

• mapping mathematical rules to skills

Page 17: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 17

Combining ISAC and CbKST

Approach 2:

• skill definition: being able to apply a specific mathematical rule

• assigning skills to problem: ISAC "knows" which mathematical rules are needed to solve the probleme

Advantages

• assignment of skills to problems can be done by ISAC instead of domain expert

• instead of reasoning skills from solved (or not solved) problems, skills can be directly assessed

• it can be captured if a problem is solved only partly (without correct result)

• direct help if learner has difficulties at a certain step

Page 18: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 18

Combining ISAC and CbKST: Implementation

Implementation

• CbKST module implemented as Web Service

• ISAC connects to CbKST module– report results

– get information about next objects

CbKSTExtension

ISAC SOAPBrowser HTTP

Page 19: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 19

Authoring

Content author has to

• create a domain model (in CbKST Web Service)– skill definitions

– skill assignment to learning objects

– problems and learning objects are referenced in CbKST domain model

Page 20: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

12 July 2009 CADGME 2009 20

Conclusion and Outlook

Conclusion

• combining ISAC and CbKST– approach 1: sequencing problems and learning objects

– approach 2: direct monitoring of skills

• adaptation on micro and macro level

• feedback on micro and macro level

Outlook

• implementation of approach 2– on level of algorithm

– implemenation

Page 21: Enhanced Personalised Learning Support of Computer Algebra Systems

Contact information:

Christian Gü[email protected]://www.iicm.tugraz.at/cguetl

Alexander Nussbaumer [email protected]://css.uni-graz.at/staff/nussbaumer/

Thank you for your attention!