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8/14/2019 English-Ulster Irish Dictionary.txt http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-ulster-irish-dictionarytxt 1/42 An Embryonic English-Ulster Irish Dictionary. Ciarán Ó Duibhín: an leagan seo 2013/02/11 This file is best viewed in a monospaced font, such as Courier New. The purpose of this list is to assist anyone wishing to speak or write in Ulster  Irish, and it therefore contains the words used in Ulster. We make no secret a bout our choice of dialect, unlike dictionaries which claim to be English Irish di ctionaries but are based on southern dialects of Irish. Such dictionaries may t ell you that the Irish for "smoke" is "deatach"  while the greater number which g ive precedence, rather than exclusivity, to southern dialects may tell you it is  "deatach" or "toit", in that order. We will tell you that it is "toit". Nearly all the forms given here are included in Ó Dónaill's Irish-English dictionary , where they are most commonly found at the ends of articles as variants of unsp ecified provenance; or, if included as headwords, they are cross-referred to mor e southerly forms, again without any statement of provenance. What this list te lls you is that they are *Ulster* variants; generally, in fact, the normal forms  in Ulster. Besides differences in the choice of Irish word for straightforward English term s, e.g. "smoke," or "minute (of time)", there are also many words used by Donega l writers which have no very direct English equivalent and  for that very reason,  possibly  are rarely referenced in English Irish dictionaries, e.g. "beinn" or "se anadh" or "greadadh". These will be included here too. As well as more-or-less direct equivalents for common words, the list contains a  growing number of idioms, that is, examples where the natural Gaelic translatio n of an English expression may be far from literal. If these natural modes of G aelic expression are replaced in use by literal translations of English expressi ons, Gaelic may as well be pronounced dead, even though its words continue to be  used with English semantics attached, straight out of the bilingual dictionary. Further examples of the precise usage of Gaelic words suggested by this glossary  may be found in the textbase "Tobar na Gaedhilge", of which a download for MS W indows may be obtained from http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/tobar. As a general-purpose English-Irish dictionary, this list would be woefully incom plete, but I hope to make it more complete gradually. Some day it may be usable  as a dictionary by itself, but at present I suggest using it as a pre-processor  to other dictionaries: if you want information about Ulster Irish, have a look here, then consult any other English-Irish dictionary if nothing is found here. I also intend to examine whether the list may be given a thesaurus structure. A few notes on some Irish lexemes are given at the end. A about prep.: fá, fá dtaobh de absorb v.: (soak up) ól; it had soaked up the sea-water: bhí an sáile ólta aige acclimatised to adj.: acclimatised to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaid hteán according adv.:  according to (to judge by) what I hear: do réir mar chluinim

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Page 1: English-Ulster Irish Dictionary.txt

8/14/2019 English-Ulster Irish Dictionary.txt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-ulster-irish-dictionarytxt 1/42

An Embryonic English-Ulster Irish Dictionary.

Ciarán Ó Duibhín: an leagan seo 2013/02/11

This file is best viewed in a monospaced font, such as Courier New.

The purpose of this list is to assist anyone wishing to speak or write in Ulster Irish, and it therefore contains the words used in Ulster. We make no secret about our choice of dialect, unlike dictionaries which claim to be EnglishIrish dictionaries but are based on southern dialects of Irish. Such dictionaries may tell you that the Irish for "smoke" is "deatach"  while the greater number which give precedence, rather than exclusivity, to southern dialects may tell you it is "deatach" or "toit", in that order. We will tell you that it is "toit".

Nearly all the forms given here are included in Ó Dónaill's Irish-English dictionary, where they are most commonly found at the ends of articles as variants of unspecified provenance; or, if included as headwords, they are cross-referred to more southerly forms, again without any statement of provenance. What this list tells you is that they are *Ulster* variants; generally, in fact, the normal forms in Ulster.

Besides differences in the choice of Irish word for straightforward English terms, e.g. "smoke," or "minute (of time)", there are also many words used by Donegal writers which have no very direct English equivalent and  for that very reason,

 possibly  are rarely referenced in EnglishIrish dictionaries, e.g. "beinn" or "seanadh" or "greadadh". These will be included here too.

As well as more-or-less direct equivalents for common words, the list contains a growing number of idioms, that is, examples where the natural Gaelic translation of an English expression may be far from literal. If these natural modes of Gaelic expression are replaced in use by literal translations of English expressions, Gaelic may as well be pronounced dead, even though its words continue to be used with English semantics attached, straight out of the bilingual dictionary.

Further examples of the precise usage of Gaelic words suggested by this glossary may be found in the textbase "Tobar na Gaedhilge", of which a download for MS Windows may be obtained from http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/tobar.

As a general-purpose English-Irish dictionary, this list would be woefully incomplete, but I hope to make it more complete gradually. Some day it may be usable as a dictionary by itself, but at present I suggest using it as a pre-processor to other dictionaries: if you want information about Ulster Irish, have a lookhere, then consult any other English-Irish dictionary if nothing is found here.

I also intend to examine whether the list may be given a thesaurus structure.

A few notes on some Irish lexemes are given at the end.

A

about prep.: fá, fá dtaobh de

absorb v.: (soak up) ól; it had soaked up the sea-water: bhí an sáile ólta aige

acclimatised to adj.: acclimatised to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán

according adv.:  according to (to judge by) what I hear: do réir mar chluinim

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  according as (in proportion as) the water rises: do réir mar éireochas an t-uisce  ... he is growing old: do réir mar tá an aois ag teacht air  according to (depending on) how much of a hurry he is in: do réir mar tá deifirair  ... how much he wants to speak to her: do réir mar tá dúil aige bheith ag cainnt léite  ... how I may feel: do réir mar bhuailfeas an talann mé,  ... mar thogóras mé,  ... mar thiocfas sé de mhian orm

account: that's nothing! (that's of no account!): níl dadaidh annsin!  on account of [= because of] a woman: mar gheall ar mhnaoi

accuse v.: what crime is he accused of?: caidé an choir atá curtha síos dó?

ace n.: within an ace of: de dheas go maith do

adjust v.: to adjust the reins: deis a chur ar na sriantaí

adjusted to adj.: adjusted to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán

admit v.: aidmhigh

advantage n.: it has an advantage over Gaelic: tá buaidh aici ar Ghaedhilg

afraid adj.: he's not afraid of hard work: níl mórán de bheinn aige ar obair chruaidh

after prep.: i ndiaidh

against prep.: the current and the wind were against them: bhí sruth is gaoth daor ortha

alarm n.: to make someone jump with alarm: stangadh a bhaint as duine

almost adv.: ar shéala (also means "purporting to be")

  almost ruined, destroyed: ar shéala a bheith millte  to be almost as far ahead as he was: bheith de dheas do fhad chun tosaigh leis  almost full/empty: de dheas do bheith lán/folamh  s.a. close, nearly

alone adv.: left alone (of person), deserted: scaithte  alone in the world: in m'aon bhocht scaithte  to wander/travel alone: ghabháil thart go scaithte

animal n.: ainmhidhe, pl. ainmhidheanna

ankle n.: múrnán

apart adv.: standing apart: scaithte  we kept well apart: choinnigh muid scaithte ó chéile

aperture n.: four men entered through the aperture: thainig ceathrar fear isteach ar an pholl

appearance n.: (one's outline or general appearance) feagraidheacht  (facial appearance) gnúis

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applause n.: greadadh bos

apple n.: ubhla, pl. ubhlaí

appointed adj.: (the appointed time/place) an t-am/an áit a dubhradh,  a bhí socruighthe, ainmnighthe

appointment n.: (job) posta;  appointments (i.e. staff) subcommittee: fóchoiste foirne  (meeting) ?;  (appointments = furnishings) trioc;

arrange v.: to arrange flowers: bláthanna a dheisiú; deis a chur ar bhláthanna

arrive v.: as I arrived: ag teacht 'un tosaigh domh

arrogance n.: uabhar (also: pride), díomas

as conj/prep.: just as happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe  just as on every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile  just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin  just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen:  tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí

assessor n.: measadóirattempt n.: at the first attempt: ar an chéad iarraidh  he attempted to murder me: thug sé iarraidh mharbhtha orm

attend v.: (serve, wait upon, be present in a serving capacity or out of  duty e.g. at school) freastal;  (be present, eg. at a party, dinner, concert) bheith i láthair,  bheith ann  (attend to something in one's charge) giollacht: eg.  talamh, bárr, móin a ghiollacht - to attend to land, crops, peat;  biadh a ghiollacht - to attend to (prepare) food  (to business etc.) aire a thabhairt do

attendance n.: (service, e.g. in restaurant) freastal;  (presence, e.g. at school) láithreacht (cf. i láthair)

August: Lughnasna

authority n.: (proof, justification) urra f4

away adv.: to get away (escape) from sth pursuing or competing: rud a scaitheadh  swept/blown etc away: scaithte  a flood came and swept the jetty away: tháinig tuile agus scaitheadh an chéidh  we have been so long away from home: tá muid an fad sin scaithte ón bhail

e  if he had been kept away from bad company:  dá scaithtidhe ar shiubhal ón droch-cuideachta é

B

baby-sitter n.: gocamán (so used in Belfast, from Rannafast word for a hen set tohatch  another's eggs; in Scotland the word is applied to the bird that hatches

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 the  cuckoo's eggs)

back out, back down v.: loc  he didn't back down from the fight: níor loc sé an troid  gabháil ar do chúl i rud

baker n.: fuinteoir

baking n.: fuinteoracht

balance n.: (remainder) an chuid eile; an fuighleach

bang about v.: he heard it sliding and banging about:  chuala sé ag sleamhnú agus ag greadadh é

barber n.: bearradóir

bark n.: (of tree) cairt

barrel n.: usaid (f2), gs. usaide, pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach

bash v.: being bashed against rocks: ghá ghreadadh in éadan carraigeach

batter v.: they were heedless of the sticks they were being battered with:  ní rabh beinn acu ar na smaichtíní a rabhthar á ngreadadh leo  the two crowds battered one another: ghread an dá scaife a chéile

beat v.: beat a drum: droma a ghreadadh  beat with a whip/with a stick : greadadh le fuip/le smaichtín;  he beat all comers at every skill:  ghread sé a dtáinig ós a choinne ag achan cheird;  to beat one's hands (in anguish): do bhosa a ghreadadh le tréan buadhartha;  his heart beat with sudden joy: bhí a chroidhe ag greadadh le lúthgháir thobann  beat it!: gread leat!

because: ar an ádhbhar go, cionnas go

bee n.: beachóg ("beach" would be mistaken for "beathach")

behind adv.: to leave someone (eg. a pursuer, a competitor) behind/trailing:  duine a scathadh  left behind (through inability to keep up): scaithte

Belfast: Béal Fearsaid(e) (and so pronounced)

bemused adj.: you would be bemused by his talk: chuirfeadh sé ceo ar do chluasa

bent adj.: flexed, as of limbs: crupaighthe

better adj.: what better man (could there be): cé'r chórtha do dhuine eile  (literally) who would be more appropriate as another person

between prep.: eadar

bilberry n.: fraochóg

bittern n.: buinneán

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bladder n.: (taken from an animal) scrathóg

blanket n.: (blanket or travelling rug) cideog  horse blanket: cideog capaill

blink v.: caoch

blinkers n.: (for a horse) léarógaí

blizzard n.: stoirm shneachta

blow v.: the door was blown in: greadadh an doras isteach (leis an ghaoith)

bold adj.: (daring) dána; (badly-behaved) dolba

bother n.: in (quite) a spot of bother: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)

bother v.: bad weather doesn't bother us: níl beinn againn ar an doininn  he doesn't bother what anyone else thinks:  níl beinn aige ar bharamhail aon duine eile

boy n.: (pre-teen) gasúr;  (teenage) stócach;

  (any age) buachaillbread n.: oaten bread: arán coirce;  wheaten bread: arán cruithneachta;  wheat flour and Indian meal (maize) bread: arán buidhe;  home-made flour bread (?=soda bread): arán plúir;  white shop bread: arán geal

break v.: to break someone's grip: greim duine a scathadh

break apart v.: when the vessels (which had collided) were broken apart:  nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile

break down v.: the car broke down: chuaidh an carr ó ghléas

break free v.: his leg was trapped and he could not break free:  bhí a chos gaibhte agus ní thiocfadh leis é fein a scathadh  she broke free from his embrace: scaith sí í féin as an tsnaidhm

break in v.: broken in (=tamed, of a wild animnal): clóidhte

break out v.: to break the sleigh out of the ice: an sléigh a scathadh as an oighreogaigh

bristle v.: he was bristling with aggression: bhí an dubh-chuil air

brunt n.: they would have to bear the brunt of the work:  is ortha a thiocfadh an ceann trom de'n obair

bucket n.: bucóid (f2)

bump into v.: they bumped into each other in the dark:  greadadh in éadan a chéile sa dorchadas iad

bunch n.: (of keys etc.) clibín

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bush n.: tor (also: a rock, a tower)(pl. tuir), tom

business n.: gnaithe

busy adj.: gnaitheach

C

cabbage n.: cabáiste (Donegal); cál (East Ulster)

call v.: he called over the secretary: ghoir sé chuige ar an rúnaidhe

capable adj.: he is a capable enough person: tá deánamh gnoithe ann

care v.: do you care about me?: an bhfuil beinn agat orm?  I don't care about it: is beag mo bheinn air  he doesn't care what anyone else thinks:  níl beinn aige ar bharamhail aon duine eile  to care about your spiritual welfare: beinn a bheith ar d'anam agat

careful adj.: careful with money, thrifty: tábhachtach

cast v.: the horse cast a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh

cave n.: umhach (f2), pl. umhachaí

celebrate v.: ollgháirdeachas a dheánamh

cell n.: (in prison) plochóg (f2); aracul (m1), pl. aracuil

centre n.: croidhe;  town (city) centre: croidhe a' bhaile (mhóir)

chair n.: cathair (pron: caithir)

chance n.: opportunity: áimear, pl. áimearacha; faill;

  to get, take the opportunity: an t-áimear a fhagháil, a ghlacadh  to await one's chance: fanacht leis an áimear  to pass up/miss one's chance: an t-áimear a leigean thart  the first chance I get: an chéad áimear a gheobhas mé  every chance you get: achan áimear 'á bhfuighidh tú

chatter v.: your teeth chattering with cold: do chár á ghreadadh ar a chéile leis an fhuacht

cheese n.: caisí

child n.: páiste, leanbh, tachrán  (infant) naoidheanán

  (male child) gasúr  (female child) giorsach  (children of a person): clann (collective); my children: mo chlann

chink n.: (e.g. in side of basket, for gripping) camóg

churn v.: churning away: ag greadadh na cuinneoige

claim v.: maoidh

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clan n.: tribe: fine, pl. finidheacha [Me Guidhir Fhearmanagh]; cineadh, pl. cinidheacha

clap v.: as quick as you could clap your hands together:  fhad is bheitheá ag greadadh do dhá bhos ar a chéile

clapping n.: greadadh bos

clash v.: their fangs were clashing: bhí a dhá gcár ag greadadh ar a chéile

clean v.: (by shaking in water) sruthluigh  the rooms (eg. of a hotel) have to be cleaned daily:  tá na seomraí le deisiú achan lá

clear adv.: he lifted his feet a few inches clear of the ground: thóg sé a chosa cupla órdlach os cionn an urláir  it got/worked clear (of an obstruction): scaitheadh é

clear off v.: clear off to bed: gread leat a luighe

clear up v.: clearing up the house after the meal: ag feistiughadh an toighe i ndiaidh an itheacháin

click n.: (of fingers) blasc

cliff n.: binn (f2) (pl. beanna)

close adv.: close to the place: de dheas don áit  so close to death: comh deas sin don bhás  close to the truth: de dheas don fhírinne  I came close to becoming a sailor: chuaidh mé de dheas do bheith 'mo sheoltóir  s.a. almost, nearly

cluster n.: (of grapes, people, houses, etc.) clibín

clutch n.: a clutch of eggs: éilín

  a clutch of young birds: ál

coated adj.: it was coated with dust: bhí cairt air le deannach [Faoi Chrann Smola]

cockle n.: srubhán (Cloch Cheannfhaolaidh); sruán bán (Ros Guill); cf Alba strùban

come v.: come: tar  see irregular verb paradigms at end  if it comes to that: má théid sé ins na stácaí  come upstairs (both speaker and listener at bottom of stairs): rachaimid suas an staighre  come upstairs (speaker up, listener down) tar aníos an staighre

comet n.: réaltóg a' rubaill [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]

common adj: see also plain, poor, inferior, humble

composition n.: prose composition: cumadh cainnte

concern n.: (friendly interest) beinn  an bhfuil beinn agat orm? do you concern yourself about me?

connect v.: things (facts) which had been hitherto unconnected/disconnected:

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  rudaí a bhí scaithte ó n-a chéile go dtí seo

contemporary adj.: comhthráthamhail

control v.: (handle, manage, organize) easy to control: furas a láimhdeachas

cook v.: to cook food, a meal: biadh, béile, tráth bídh a ghiollacht

corner n.: in a tight corner: i ngéibheann  a projecting edge or corner: curr

cousin n.: comh-ua;  they are first cousins: clann an dearthár agus an deirfiúr (etc.) iad;  they are second cousins: tá siad an dá ua;  they are third cousins: tá siad an dá fhionn-ua;  they are fourth cousins: tá siad an dá dhubh-ua;  they are first cousins once removed: tá siad clann agus ua;  they are second cousins once removed: tá siad ua agus fionn-ua

cower v.: he cowered: chnap na guailneacha aige  they were cowering around the king: bhí siad ag creafadaigh i dtimcheall an rí

crease n.: he had a sharp crease in his trousers: bhí curr ar a bhríste comh géar le bé

l sginecredit n.: the entire credit is due to him alone: chan dá athrach is cóir a bheith buidheach

crest n.: (as opposed to trough) iomaire

cricket n.: (insect) crucart (m1), urchuil (f2)

crow n.: (hooded crow, scald-crow) feannóg (f2), feannóg charrach (Mac Meanman)

crust n.: (a deposited covering) cairt

cry v.: he would cry at the slightest reason: bhí an deor de dheas don tsúil aige

cup n.: cupa

cut v.: to cut one's hair, beard: do ghruag, fhéasóg a bhearradh

cut off v.: he would not have let go unless his fingers were cut off:  ní leigfeadh se amach a ghreim go scaithtidhe na méara de  cut off from the world: scaithte amach ón tsaoghal

cut out v.: to cut out the bull from the herd: an tarbh a scathadh ón tréad

D

danger n.: contabhairt

dash v.: masses of foam dashing to and fro: cnapannaí cubhair ag greadadh anonn agus anall

daughter n.: nighean (f2)

day n.: lá, pl. laethe

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deliberately adv.: that he would deliberately set out with the intention of:  go gcuirfeadh sé fá n-a choinne fhéin

den n.: brocach, broclais

depend v.: if my life was depending on it: dá mbéadh mo bhás de gheall leis  depending on how much of a hurry he is in: do réir mar tá deifir air  depending on how I may feel: do réir mar bhuailfeas an talann mé,  mar thogóras mé,  mar thiocfas sé de mhian orm

deposit n.: (sediment) the first drop of poteen will clean the deposits from the worm:  glanfaidh an chéad bhraon den phoitín a' chairt den worm

descendent n.: iar-ua

desert v.: (deserted, of person; left alone) scaithte

desolate adj.: (of person or place, remote) scaithte

detach v.: scaith  a detached stone: cloch scaithte

difference n.: duifear

dip v.: (to dip sth. and shake it around e.g. in a stream) sruthluigh  he cut open the fish, gutted them, dipped them in the sea, and set themroasting  on the ashes: sgoilt sé na garbhánaigh, bhain an meanach astu, shrothluigh san  fhairrge iad, agus chuir dá rósadh ar an ghríosaigh iad  the man who dipped Willy Dubh in the cess-pool:  an fear a shruthluigh Willy Dubh san aoileach

direct v.: to direct people (guide them, see to their welfare): daoine a ghiolla

cht

dirt n.: griollam;  he has the bucket filled with every kind of dirt:  tá achan ghriollam níos cáidhighe 'ná a chéile sa bhucóid aige

discover v.: (by chance) tar ar  (by design) faigh amach, tabhair fá dear

discovery n.: (thing discovered) [rud] a dtángthas air, a fuarthas amach,  a tugadh fá dear,  a bhfuarthas fios (abstract) / lorg (concrete) air  (act of discovering) teacht ar, fagháil amach, tabhairt fá dear

discuss v.: (the panegyric) was being discussed, under discussion:  bhí (an feartlaoi) dhá cárdáil

disengage v.: to disengage one's arm (from someone's grip): do sciathán a scathadh

disguise v.: (a disguised doorway) doras ceilte, foluighthe

dislike n.: it would give you a dislike for poetry: chuirfeadh sé fuath na filidheachta fút

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dislocate v.: to dislocate his arm: a sciathán a scathadh as a ghualainn

dislodge v.: a stone became dislodged: scaitheadh cloch

dispense v.: dispense a prescription: oideas a ullmhú  prescriptions dispensed: ullmhuighthear oidis; NOT oidis ullmhuighthe!

distress n.: géibheann

divide up v.: rann (vn. rann)

doctor n.: doctúir (m3), gs. doctúra, pl. doctúirí

dog n.: madadh (m1) gs. madaidh, pl. madaidhthe; cú

dogfish n.: madadh scadán

donkey n.: asal (f2)

drag v.: dragging his feet as if he could not lift them off the ground:  a' tarraingt na gcos mar nach mbéadh sé ábalta iad a scathadh ó'n talamh

draught n.: (a drink) he drank an ample draught from it: d'ól sé tarraingt a chinn as

draw v.: (pull) tarraing; (sketch) tarraing; ...  she drew back her head (on being noticed): chrup sí a ceann [Almayer's Folly]

dribbling n.: (from mouth) pislíneacht

drive v.: he drove the horse through the water: ghread sé an capall trasna fríd an uisce

drive out v.: they were driven out of the town: greadadh amach as an bhaile iad

drop v.: to drop one's pursuers/competitors: an tóir/an chuid eile a scathadh

E

earth n.: (animal's den) brocach, broclais  (clay) úr, créafóg

earthworm n.: cuiteog

economical adj.: an economical housekeeper: bean toighe thábhachtach chríonna

edge n.: a projecting edge or corner: curr  ar churr an dreisiúir, na cathaoire, na beinne: on the edge of the dresser, chair, cliff  bhí an bonn ag imtheacht ar a churr: the coin was rolling on its edge

edit v.: (in computing) deisigh

elation n.: ollgháirdeachas

embarrassment n.: aithmhealtas

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emphasis n.: teann (?)

encouragement n.: uchtach (f2)

enemy n.: námha/námhaid (f) gs. na námhad or an námhad; ds. námhaid; npl. naimhde; gpl.ad or náimhde; dpl. náimhde or náimhdibh)

England: Sasain (gs. Sasana); sometimes pronounced Seasain

enough adv.: go leor (exx. dona go leor, go leor fearthainne)

establish v.: its fame has been firmly established: tá a cliú curtha ar thalamh slán

ever adv.: (in the past) ariamh; (in the future) a choidhche

exact adj.: that's what it's worth, to the exact penny: sin an méid is fiú é, go fiú napighinne

exaggeration n.: aidhbhéil

examine v.: while the doctor was examining him: fhad is bhí an doctúir ghá láimhdeachas  he examined the medal lovingly: rinne sé an bonn a láimhdeachas go gradamach

exchange blows v.: exchanging blows in the middle of the fair:  ag greadadh a chéile i lár an aonaigh

expect v.: you don't expect sunshine without shadow: chan dual grian gan scáile (North Antrim)

expose v.: (uncover) fág ris

exposed adj.: (uncovered) ris

F

face n.: aghaidh;  (of a hill, of a cube etc.) éadan  (facial appearance) gnúis  he was making faces with the pain: bhí cár air ar mhéad na greadfaighe

factory n.: monarchain

fail v.: (she failed) ní dheachaidh léithe;  (she failed in it) d'fheall sé uirthi; sháirigh sé uirthi  I failed the exam: d'fheall an scrúdú orm

fall v.: tuit

  the leaves had fallen: bhí na duilleogaí scaithte

fall apart v.: the coffin fell apart: scaith an chónair

fame n.: cliú

family n.: (immediate) teaghlach;  (extended family, relatives) muinntir, bunadh;  (children only) clann

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famous adj.: cliúiteach

far: I'd rather by far: b'fhearr liom go mór  you're far astray (wrong, mistaken): tá tú go mór ar an tseachrán  laughter and sadness were never far apart with him: bhí an brón de dheas don gháire aige

faultiness n.: its equal for faultiness: a mhacasamhail le h-olcas

favour n.: (to do someone a favour) sochar a dheánamh do dhuine

fear n.: eagla  (respectful fear) beinn  he has no fear of hard work: chan fhuil beinn aige ar obair chruaidh  he has no fear of God: chan fhuil beinn aige ar Dhia  no fear! (as on car sticker): beag 'e bheinn!

feathers (coll.), plumage: cluimhreach (fem), gs. cluimhrighe

fiction n.: cumraidheacht

fiddler n.: (violin player) fidileoir

field n.: páirc: pasture field; páirc na peile, the football field; páirc an aonaigh,

the fair-ground; páirc an áir, the battlefield  cuibhreann: individual enclosed field, bearing crops?  gort: rare outside of place-names, eg. Gort an Choirce, Gort Lios Saighead;  has been used to translate "clearing", "plantation", "paddy-field";"fíon-ghort", vineyard; "ubhall-ghort", orchard  found in Mac Meanman  "i ngort nó ar chnoc" (contrasted), "i ngort agus i ngarraí" (reduplication?)  "tá an coimhthigheach in do ghort", "caoirigh le cur i ngort", "tá do ghort romhartha", "go bhfásaidh eorna in do ghort"  "dún agus gort", "lios agus gort":  deir Niall Ó Domhnaill gurab ionann "gort" agus "garraí arbhair a rabh claí cloch air" (Glúnta Rosannacha lch 13)

  seems to mean the whole of the cultivated land belonging to a fort or farm, probably enclosed, as opposed to "cnoc"

fight n.: they saw the running fight: chonnaic siad na sgaiteacha  a fight developed: thoisigh an greadadh

file n.: (for wearing away metal etc.) oighe chumalta

finger v.: (handle idly) don't finger the goods: ná deántar na hearraí a láimhdeachas

fire n.: teinidh (f5), gs. teineadh, pl. teinte

fire v.: to fire a gun at them: gunna a ghreadadh orthu

fit to adj.: capable of  the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together:  ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a chéile

fix v.: to fix (mend, repair) something: deis a chur ar rud  to fix up (tidy up) something: deis a chur ar rud  to fix (arrange, tidy) the carpet: an brat urláir a dheisiú  to fix one's hair: deis a chur ar do chuid gruaige

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  I will fix you! (threat): cuirfidh mise deis ort!

flail v.: he started failing out madly: thoisigh sé a ghreadadh gan stuaim gan réasún

flake n.: (snowflake) bratóg sneachta

flapping: ag creafadaigh

flash v.: (blink) caoch

flat adj.: (a thin flat object, as a stone, or a rolled metal sheet) leac, pl leacacha, gpl leacach [An Grádh agus an Ghruaim 60]

flea n.: dearnaid

flexible adj.: (supple) umhal

flood n.: tuilidh

flourish n.: every letter had so many flourishes: bhí oiread casaidheacha i ngachaon leitir aca

flower n.: (referring to whole plant, e.g. wild flower) lus  (the flowering part) bláth

fluttering: (of a flag) ag creafadaigh

fly v.: the sound of a flock of swans flying by: an trup a bhéadh ag scaoith ealaagus iad ar eiteógaigh

foot n.: I managed to get to my feet: fuair mé na cosa liom

for prep.: ar: (he sold it for a pound) dhíol sé ar phunnta é  (for your own good) ar mhaithe leat féin  ar shon: (for [the sake, benefit, relief of] the cause) ar shon na cúise  (for fun) ar shon grinn

  ([in exchange or compensation] for) ar shon  (for [in support of]) ar shon: labhair sé ar mo shon (on my behalf)  ag/do: (he was fullback for Donegal) bhí sé mar lán-chúlaí ag Tír Chonaill/dChonaill  fá choinne: (I went to the shop for milk) chuaidh mé 'un a' tsiopa fá choinne bainne  le: (for a year [past]) le bliadhain  go cionn: (for a year [to come]) go cionn bhliadhna

forfeit n.: (financial penalty for non-completion) cáin loctha

form n.: a figure made in the form of a giant: dealbh a bhí déanta i gcló fathaigh

  the thing which imposed form on the size:  an rud a thug deis agus cuimireacht don toirt  to give my narrative a good form: deis a chur ar mo sheanchas

fox n.: sionnach (m1), madadh ruadh (m1)

free adj.: it got/worked free (of an obstruction): scaitheadh é

free v.: (when the tide rose) the (grounded) boat freed itself: scaith an bád í féin

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fright n.: to make someone jump with fright: stangadh a bhaint as duine

frown, n.: he had a frown on his face: bhí ruic ar a éadan  (with irritation) mí-stá (a dheánamh ar dhuine); gnoig (f)  (with worry) gruaim-amharc; trom-ghnúis

frown v.: (in puzzlement) do mhailidheacha a chrupadh

frugal adj.: a frugal housekeeper: bean toighe thábhachtach chríonna

furniture n.: trioc

G

garden n.: garraí, pl. garrantacha

gardener n.: garrantóir (m3)

gather up v.: (coil up, as of a length of rope) córn

get v.: get away (escape) from sth: rud a scaitheadh

girl n.: (pre-teen) giorsach (f2), pl. giorsachaí;

  (any age) cailín (m4)give up v.: (stop using, e.g. cigarettes) stad de

glove n.: miotóg (f2) pl.: miotógaí

go v.: go: téidh  see irregular verb paradigms at end  go on about sth: canstan leat ar rud  let go of sth: rud a leigin amach  gone (swept away etc, of something which had been fixed): scaithte

grand adj.: the least grand among them: an ceann a ba táire acu

grandchild n.: ua

grandfather n.: athair mór

grandmother n.: máthair mhór; (familiar) móraidhe

gratitude n.: (sense of indebtedness) seanadh  there's (his) gratitude for you! (ironical): nárbh olc an seanadh abhí ann!

gravel n.: scaineagán; gairbhéal

gravestone n.: (horizontal) leac;

  (vertical) tumba

great-grandchild n.: fionn-ua

great-grandfather n.: gar-athair

great-great-grandchild n.: dubh-ua

great-great-grandfather n.: dubh-athair

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greatly adv.: I'd greatly prefer it: b'fhearr liom go mór é  I enjoyed it greatly: thaitin sé go mór liom  it annoyed me greatly: ghoill sé go mór orm

group n.: small group of people, e.g. standing around or walking together: cuifeallán

growl n.: (of dog) gnúsachtach

grown-up adj.: he is grown-up: tá sé i mbun a mhéid

guess n.: my guess proved correct: char mheath mo bharamhail orm

guide v.: to guide people (see to their welfare): daoine a ghiollacht

gunwale n.: (of currach) garmain;  with only his head visible above the gunwale of the currach:  gan ann acht go rabh a chloigeann a ris os cionn gharmain a' churaigh;  béalbhach

H

hammer v.: the rain hammering against the windows:  an fhearthainn ag greadadh in éadan na bhfuinneog

hammering n.: (on a door) greadadh

handle vn.: láimhdeachas  (used abstractly)  to handle the matter: na gnoithe a láimhdeachas  (to manoeuvre, eg. an awkward or fragile object)  careful handling: láimhdeachas faithchilleach  (to handle/control an animal)  to handle a horse: capall a láimhdeachas  (to manoeuvre/control/manage/organize, eg. an army unit, a crowd)

  easily handled: furas a láimhdeachas  (to use/manipulate/work/operate, eg. a tool, a weapon, a literary form)  he knows how to handle a gun: tuigeann sé an dóigh le gunna a láimhdeachas  (to finger, eg. books, cloth, displayed goods)  please don't handle the goods: ná deántear na hearraí a láimhdeachas  (to treat roughly)  they submitted without complaint to the rough handling:  ghlac siad go humhal leis an láimhdeachas

happen v.: tarluigh

hard adj.: (to touch) cruaidh

  (difficult) doiligh

hardy adj.: (hardy, tough) righin  cats are hardy: tá an cat righin (Learg na Larcán)

harness n.: (for a horse) ugham

heap n.: moll  a heap of clay (e.g. beside a hole dug in the ground): mullóg créafóige  area raised in comparison to surroundings (as of filled grave): mullóg

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  a "heap" of a mountain: mullóg shléibhe

hedge n.: claidhe tom; whitethorn hedge: claidhe sceach; furze hedge: claidhe aitinnighe

heed n.: beinn

heedless adj.: they were heedless of the sticks they were being beaten with:  ní rabh beinn acu ar na smaichtíní a rabhthar á ngreadadh leo

help n.: cuidiú (cf Alba: cuideachadh)

help v.: cuidigh (cf Alba: cuidich)

high adj.: (of elevation) árd;  (of sound) high-pitched: géar; high-volume, loud: árd

hill n.: (a small mountain) cnoc;  behind the hills: ar chúl na gcnoc  (an elevated site) árd;  he built a house on the hill: rinne sé teach ar an árd  (an incline on a road, a brae) malaidh, gs. na maladhcha, pl. malaidheacha  wait at the top of the hill: fan ag bárr na maladhcha

hint n.: lideadh

hip n.: scoróg

hit against v.: (of a person hanged) his heels were hitting against the door:  bhí a dhá sháil ag greadadh an dorais  to hit one's head against a wall:  do chloigeann a ghreadadh in éadan an bhalla

hogshead n.: usaid (f), gs. usaide, pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach

honest adj.: ionnraice

hop n.: túslóg; pl. túslógaí

hopping: ag túslógacht

house n.: teach (m2), gs. toighe, ds. toigh, pl. toighthe, gpl. toighthe/toightheach

how? interrog.: caidé mar?

huddled adj.: (sitting or lying huddled) crupuighthe

humble adj.: (unpretentious, of an object) the humblest of them: an ceann is táire

 aca

humility n.: díombród [Dá mbíodh Ruball ar an Éan]

hurry n.: deifre

I

ice n.: oighreogach (pron. eireogach) (f2)

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  the ice was broken (figuratively): bhí briste ar an oighreogaigh  iceberg: cnap oighreogaighe [Castar na Daoine]  cf. éireog, ice (Co Derry, CS 17/08/1901 358)

Iceland pn.: Inis Tuile

imply v.: what was he implying? caidé bhí faoi sin aige?

important adj.: mór;  I deem it important: is mór liom é;  an important person, an important question, important news:  duine mór, ceist mhór, scéal mór  an important (ie. useful) person/thing:  duine/rud tairbheach/úsáideach  a person/thing of importance (ie. value or status):  duine/rud mór-luachach/úimleáideach  a person of importance (ie. status):  duine céimeamhail  an important (ie. necessary) thing:  rud riachtanach  important (ie. rich in consequences) news:  scéal suimeamhail/trom-chúiseach

incorrigible adj.: thaire stiúradh

indifferent adj.: (unconcerned) to be indifferent to sth.: beag 'e bheinn a bheith agat ar rud

induce v.: (persuade) nothing could induce me to do it:  ní thiocfadh le rud ar bith mé a chlódhadh lena dheánamh

industrious adj.: tábhachtach

infant n.: naoidheanán

infer v.: what I mean, what I am inferring: an rud atá mé a mhaoidheamh  do you mean that, are you inferring that: an é an rud atá tú ag maoidheamh g

o

inferior adj.: an inferior race to his own: dream ba táire 'ná a dhream féin

infuriate v.: it infuriated me: chuir sin mé féin i mbarr mo chéille

insight n.: tuigse

insult n.: achmhusán (?)

interest n.: (curiosity) suim  (finance) ?

interesting adj.: suimeamhail

inured to adj.: inured to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán

isolated adj.: (of person or place) scaithte

item n.: ball de liosta

J

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jackdaw n.: cág (m)

jaw n.: my jaw dropped (with surprise): leath an béal orm

judgement n.: my judgement proved correct: char mheath mo bharamhail orm

jumble n.: cunamar

jump v.: to make someone jump with fright: stangadh a bhaint as duine

junction n.: (of rivers etc.) cumar;  (a railway fork) gabhal;  (a road junction) you will come to a junction on your left:  tiocfaidh tú fhad le bealach ar thaobh na láimhe clí;  (a motorway interchange) bealach síos/suas

junk n.: cunamar

jury n.: I was a member of the jury: bhí mé ar dhuine de lucht an ghoiste

just adj.: (exactly) just as happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe  just as on every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile  just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin

  just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen:  tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí

K

keep apart v.: we kept well apart: choinnigh muid scaithte ó chéile

keep away from v.: if he had been kept away from bad company:  dá scaithtidhe ar shiubhal ón droch-cuideachta é  we kept away from the main road:  d'fhan muid scaithte amach ón bhealach mhór

keep going v.: ghread sé leis: he kept on, kept going, continued, persevered

keep up v.: to keep up (maintain) one's children: deis a chur ar do chlann

kick out v.: (horse) it kicked out with its hind legs: ghread sé leis na cosa deiridh

kind n.: (variety) cineál, seórt

kind adj.: cineálta

kind adv.: (kind of + adj.) cineál, seórt

kitchen n.: cisteanach (f), gs cisteanaighe/cisteanadh, ds cisteanaigh, pl cisteanacha

knitting n.: cleiteáil [Na Rosa]; cniotáil [Gleann Fhinne, Gaoth Dobhair]

knock v.: knocking on the loft floor beneath me: ag greadadh ar an lafta fúm

knock together v.: the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together:  ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a

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 chéile

knocking n.: (on a door) greadadh

know v.: what does he know?: caidé a fhios aige-san?

L

lack v.: it was not that he lacked a reason for it: chan díth nach rabh a adhbharaige  not that he was lacking in stature: chan díth nach rabh méid chomhthrom ann

lair n.: brocach, broclais

land n.: Oisín in the land of youth: Oisín i dTír na hÓige

lane n.: cabhsa

language n.: teangaidh (f), gs. teangtha, pl. teangthacha;  concise and forceful language: cainnt bheacht bhríoghmhar aithghiorrach

languish v.: it was languishing: bhí sí ar chúl éaga

lash v.: she gave him a tongue-lashing: ghread sí é lena teangaidh;  being lashed with the whip: á ghreadadh leis an fhuip

last adj.: one last time, game: uair, cluiche amháin eile

law n.: dligheadh (m), gs dlighidh

lawn n.: léana (m), faithche (f)

lawyer n.: dlighteoir (m3)

lay v.: to lay the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla

layer n.: thin layer (as of dust): cairt

lean v.: he leaned back in his chair: leig sé a dhruim siar le cúl na cathaoire

learning n.: léigheann (m1)

leave v.: to leave behind/leave trailing one's pursuers/competitors:  an tóir/an chuid eile a scathadh  to leave behind/sail past Rinn Chliabháin (a fixed landmark):  Rinn Chliabháin a scathadh

leg n.: a three-legged stool: stól thrí gcos

let v.: a room to let: seomra le suidhe

let down v.: to let someone down: fealladh ar dhuine

let go v.: let go of something: rud a leigin amach  let go of it!: leig amach é!

lift v.: dragging his feet as if he could not lift them off the ground:  a' tarraingt na gcos mar nach mbéadh sé ábalta iad a scathadh ó'n talamh

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like v.: I liked going there: b'aite liom a ghoil annsin

like conj/prep.: just as (like) happened before: dálta mar thárluigh roimhe  just like (as on) every other night: dálta gach oidhche eile  just like me, just as in my case: mo dhálta féin  just as with the farmers, so with the fishermen:  tá dálta na dtuathanach ar na hiascairí

linoleum n.: línín leathair [Indé agus Indiu, 88]

litter n.: a litter of young animals: ál

lone adj.: (standing apart) scaithte  a lone wolf: mac tíre scaithte

loner n.: fear scaithte

look v.: amharc, dearc  look out! coimheád! faithchill! ainic! tabhair de d'aire!  look out to your left: faithchill do chlé

look forward v.: (expecting sth, with positive feelings) [more work needed here]

  looking forward to the holidays: ag feitheamh/fanacht (go cruaidh) leis an laethe saoire  something to look forward to: rud le bheith ag feitheamh/fanacht leis  she is wildly looking forward to seeing it: tá oiread lúthgháire uirthi ag smaointiú go bhfeicfidh sí é  (awaiting sth with positive feelings, neutral re expectation) ag súil le  *hoping for a miracle: ag súil le míorbhailt  looking forward to a just solution: ag súil le réidhteach chóir  (expecting sth, neutral re feelings) ag dúil le  looking forward to being a master/servant: ag dúil le bheith 'domhaighistir/sheirbhiseach

  looking forward to a pleasant/dull evening: ag dúil le tráthnóna deas/marbh  soon I'd begin to look forward to the next time: roimh i bhfadthoisighinn a dhúil leis an dara cuairt (positive)  anxiously looking forward to: ag dúil leis go himnidheach (negative)  I look forward to them with dread: tá eagla orm beith ag tarraingt orthu  *expecting a phone call: ag dúil le scairt gutháin  (looking ahead, no specific event, neutral re feelings) ag amharc romhat, ag dearcadh chun tosaigh  they are not satisfied with looking forward: ní leor leo a bheith ag amharc rompu

  looking forward with dismay: ag amharc (romhat) go crith-eaglach (negative feelings)  if I can't look forward I can look back: mur dtig liom amharc romham, thig liom amharc in mo dhiaidh

lose v.: the horse lost a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh  he lost a button off his coat: scaitheadh cnaipe dá chóta  he lost his grip on the oar: scaith a ghreim ar an rámha  to lose one's pursuers: an tóir a scathadh  they got lost (through inability to keep up with others): scaitheadh ia

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measured adj.: as measured, regular as the ticking of a clock: comh tomhaiste le buillí cluig

mend v.: to mend something: deis a chur ar rud

mild adj.: mild weather: aimsir bhog

miller n.: muilteoir

mind v.: (look out) faithchill  mind to your left: faithchill do chlé  (resent) he doesn't mind bad weather: níl beinn aige ar an doininn  why should he mind it?: cár mhiste leisean é?

mindful adj.: to be mindful of your spiritual welfare: beinn a bheith agat ar d'anam

minute n.: bomaite (m4)

missing adj.: he had a button missing from his coat: bhí cnaipe scaithte de n-a chóta

modesty n.: díombród [Dá mbíodh Ruball ar an Éan]

month f.: mí, gs. míosa, pl. míosaí or míosanna  a couple of months: cupla mí  for (during) a month: go cionn míosa, ar feadh míosa  in a month's time, after a month: i gcionn míosa

mother n.: máthair (ban., gs. máthara, pl. máithreachaí)

mountains n.pl.: (range, ridge, watershed) droimshliabh  Derryveagh Mountains: Droimshliabh Dhoire Bheithe  cruacha (Na Cruacha Gorma, Cruacha Mhic Giolla Choda)  beanna (Na Beanna Boirche, Na Beanna Beola)

movement n.: I was incapable of making the slightest movement:  ní thiocfadh liom cor ná bogadh a chur díom

mower n.: bearradóir; lawn mower: bearradóir léana, bearradóir faithche

much adv.: did he hurt you much? ar ghortuigh sé go mór thú  I'd much prefer: b'fhearr liom go mór

N

near adv.: near the time: de dheas don am

nearly adv.: nearly a year: de dheas do bhliadhain  nearly a mile: de dheas do mhíle  nearly asleep: de dheas do bheith ina chodladh  dead or nearly so: marbh nó de dheas dó  s.a. almost, close

need v.: (with negative) you need not: cha leigeann tú leas;  níl fiachadh ort

neighbour n.: comharsanach (m1), pl. comharsanaigh

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nephew n.: garmhac (Faoi Chrann Smola 48, 80; Eachtraí Sherlock Holmes 436)

nest n.: nead (f2), gs. n(e)ide, ds. n(e)id, pl. neadracha

never adv.: neg. with: (in the past) ariamh; (in the future) a choidhche

nip n.: a nip in the morning air: greadfach dheileoir ins an mhaidin

nothing: that's nothing! (that's of no account!): níl dadaidh annsin!

notice v.: tabhair fá dear

nudge n.: to give someone a nudge: bruideadh a thabhairt do dhuine

O

obstinate adj.: dáigh

offer v.: tairg, vn. tairgint, tairgean

on adv.: from that day on(wards): ón lá sin amach

open v.: foscail, vn. foscladhoperate v.: (handle, use, work) easy to operate: furas a láimhdeachas

opinion n.: baramhail

opportunity n.: faill (f2); the slightest opportunity: faill na feannóige  áimear, pl. áimearacha  to get, take the opportunity: an t-áimear a fhagháil, a ghlacadh  to await one's chance: fanacht leis an áimear  to pass up/miss one's chance: an t-áimear a leigean thart  the first chance I get: an chéad áimear a gheobhas mé  every chance you get: achan áimear 'á bhfuighidh tú

orange adj.: buidhe ("orange" is not a basic colour concept in Gaelic, and "oráiste" is not a colour term;  objects of this hue would be classed as "buidhe" or "dearg");  green white and orange: glas, bán agus buidhe

orange n.: oráiste

Orangeman n.: Fear Buidhe

order n.: in the order in which they are here named:  de réir mar tá a n-ainmneacha i ndiaidh a chéile annseo

organize v.: (handle, control, manage) easy to organize: furas a láimhseáil

out adv.: (of flowers etc) the gorse is out: tá an aitinneach fá bhláth

P

pack-horse n.: lód-chapall; capall lódaidheachta

page n.: duilleog

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  (scrap of paper) liarlóg

pain n.: pain (f2), pl. péine;  rheumatism: pian chnámh, pian na gcnámh  making faces with the pain: cár air ar mhéad na greadfaighe

palpitating: ag creafadaigh

panic n.: scaol

panting n.: (as of dog after running): anál árd gáibhtheach

pass v.: (hand over) (cuir) chuig;  (overtake)...;  (excrete)...;  they sailed past Rinn Chliabháin: scaith siad Rinn Chliabháin

patch n.: (of colour, on animal, rock etc.) scead  (on cloth, to mend it) preabán, paiste

pattern n.: the Roman pattern: deis na Róimhe

penalty n.: (financial) cáin

penny n.: pighinn (f), gs. pighne, pl. pighneachapersuade v.: nothing could persuade me to do it:  ní thiocfadh le rud ar bith mé a chlódhadh lena dheánamh

pick n.: there is not a pick (of flesh) on him: níl sgil na bhfiach air

picture n.: pioctúir (m3); gs. pioctúra, pl. pioctúirí, gpl. pioctúirí/pioctúireach

plain adj.: (plain speaking) cainnt dhíreach  (simple, unpretentious)  something plainer would do: dheánfadh rud a ba táire gnoithe

platform n.: leibheann

pleasant adv.: aite  I liked going there: b'aite liom a ghoil annsin

pleasure n.: fun, relaxation: aiteas (m1)

plough n.: seisreach

poor adj.: (plain, simple, humble, unpretentious)  I have not seen a poorer example: ní fhaca mé sampla a ba táire ná sin

position n.: we were not in a position to do that: ní rabh deis orainn sin a dheánam

h

potato n.: preáta (Donegal), préata (East Ulster) [CHECK!]

prepare v.: preparing the giant to speak: ag cur an fhathaigh i ngléas cainnte  to prepare the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla

press v.: he pressed a small white button with his thumb: leag sé a ordóg ar chnaipe bheag gheal

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range n.: (mountain range) droimshliabh  firing at close range: scaoileadh de dheas duit

Rannafast: Rann na Fearsaide (and so pronounced)

rattling: ag creafadaigh

raven n.: fiach dubh, bran dubh

ready adj.: he made/got the plough ready for use: dheisigh sé an tseisreach

record n.: that is a record that will never be beaten: thug sin bárr ar a  dtáinig agus a dtiocfaidh

recoup v.: to recoup one's losses: do bris a thabhairt isteach

refer to v.: maoidh

refuse v.: loc (eg. of a horse at a jump)  he didn't refuse the fight: níor loc sé an troid

regarding: regarding your letter: i dtaca le do litir de

regrets n.: they had no regrets about having left: bhí siad sásta dá n-imirce, buidhea

ch dá n-imirceregular adj.: as measured, regular as the ticking of a clock: comh tomhaiste lebuillí cluig

rehearsal n.: réamh-aithris

relaxation n.: fun, pleasure: aiteas (m1)

release v.: he will be released (from detention): leigfear a cheann leis

remote adj.: (of person or place) scaithte

remove v.: how did you manage to remove the letters from it:  Caidé mar chuaidh agat na leitreacha a bhaint as?

renege v.: locadh i rud; gabháil ar do chúl i rud

renown n.: cliú

rent v.: he has a room available to rent: tá seomra le suidhe aige

repair v.: to repair something: deis a chur ar rud

replace v.: the dealer replaced it (by a new one): thug an díoltóir ceann úr ina áit  he replaced the glass on the table: chuir sé an gloine arais ar an tábla

resolve v.: (I resolve to do sth.) cuirim romham

resources n.: acfuinní; resource centre - ionad acfuinní

respecter n.: the sea is no respecter of curses: níl beinn ag an fhairrge ar eascainí

reticence n.: (to behave retincently among strangers) coimightheas a dheánamh

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retract v.: (gather in, as of one's limbs) crup

revolver n.: roth-phiostal; piostal; gunna beag; gunna póca

rheumatism n.: pian chnámh, pian na gcnámh

rid adv.: to get rid of someone (following you): duine a scathadh

rim n.: (of bucket) béalbhach; I took hold of the rim of the (squashed) bucket and pulled it open: fuair mé greim béalbhaigh thall is i bhfos ar an bhucóid agus rinne méfairsingeach aistí

ring ouzel (a bird) n.: fraochán

rinse v.: to rinse a cloth: éadach a shruthlú  to rinse a cup: cupa a shruthlú

river n.: abhainn (f3), gs. abhna

roll up v.: (sleeves or trouser-legs) cornuigh

roller n.: (machinery) roithleán

roof n.: it had a glass roof: bhí ceann gloine air

rook n.: préachán (m1), préachán dubh

room n.: (compartment of building) seomra; (space) áit, farsaingeach, spás

rope n.: the sprit-rope of the forward sail: igín a' tseoil tosaigh

rubbish n.: (broken and useless bits and pieces) cunamar

rug n.: (travelling rug, blanket) cideog

running fight n.: they saw the running fight: chonnaic siad na sgaiteacha

S

sail n.: the sprit-rope of the forward sail: igín a' tseoil tosaigh  hind sails were lowered: leagadh seoltaí deiridh  sprits were taken out of fore-sails (to lower them): baineadh pící as seoltaí tosaigh

say v.: he says what he means: tá an focal de dheas don chroidhe aige

scarce: to make smth scarce (by taking up one's share of it): cumhangail

scatter v.: the men scattered: d'imthigh an scaithteach ar na fir

  a scattered or strung-out pursuit got under way: shín na scaithteacha  scattered bands (of people): buidhne scaithte  a scattered remnant of his tribe: scíontachán scaithte a threibhe

school n.: (building) teach scoile; (abstract institution) scoil

scone n.: bonnóg; pl. bonnógaí

scrap n.: (of paper) liarlóg

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scratch v.: (of an animal scratching the ground) ag creafadaigh lena chosa

scum n.: deposit on surface of liquid: cairt

seagull n.: faoileann f2; pl. faoileanna  faoileog f2; pl. faoileogaí

seat v.: he seated himself on the front of the box: shuidh sé faoi ar thoiseach an bhocsa

seize v.: to seize one's opportunity: an áimear a ghiacadh

sensitivity n.: (easiness to offend) goilleamhnacht;  (perceptiveness of needs of others) tuigse

separate v.: when the vessels (which had collided) were separated:  nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile  to separate Ireland from England: Éirinn a scathadh ó Shasain  a branch of the family which had separated: tréibh den tsliocht a scaith ar shiubhal  to separate the words (by speaking slowly): na focla a scathadh ó n-a chéile  to separate the two boys (fighting): an dá ghasúr a scathadh as greamannaí a chéile

serve v.: (provide so. with sth.) rud a riar do dhuine

set v.: to set the table (for a meal): deis (proinne) a chur ar an tábla

shake v.: (rinse, shake something in water to clean it) sruthluigh  to shake someone off (e.g. a pursuer, a competitor, someone clinging on to you):  duine a scathadh

shaking adj.: the floor was shaking: bhí an t-urlár ag creafadaigh

shape n.: (esp. of person) cruthaidheacht, feagraidheacht  the thing which imposed shape on the size:  an rud a thug deis agus cuimireacht don toirt

share out v.: rann

sharpen v.: sharpening stone: cloch líomhtha

shawl n.: cideog, seál

shed v.: the horse shed a shoe: scaith an beathach crúdh  wind will make ripe corn shed its grain:  an coirce atá apuighthe, má thig gaoth air scaithfidh sé

sheep n.: caora, pl. caoirigh

shilling n.: scilling, pl. scillingeacha

shingle n.: (gravel) scaineagán

shock n.: my heart stopped (with the shock): d'fhág an croidhe a áit agam (leis anscannradh a fuair mé)

short adj.: (e.g. of cloth) giortach; short measure: tomhas giortach  gearr, goirid

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show v.: teisint  show it to me: leig domh a fheiceáil; teisin damh é

shower n.: (of rain) cioth

shrink v.: crup

shrunken adj.: (of person, e.g. with age; or of cloth) crupaighthe

shy adj.: don't be shy (among strangers): ná deán coimhighteas

sight n.: he was short-sighted: bhí radharc/amharc de dheas dó aige

silence n.: ciunas

simple adj.: (plain, unpretentious)  something simpler would do: dheánfadh rud a ba táire gnoithe

sing v.: to sing a song: amhrán a cheol, amhrán a rádh

sketchy adj.: (incomplete, vague) scabthach

skin n.: (deposit on surface of liquid) cairt

slam v.: slamming the furnace doors: ag greadadh dhorsa na sornslap v.: he was slapped on the hands: greadadh a dhá bhos

slip v.: his grip slipped: scaith a ghreim

slosh v.: the noise of dishes and water being sloshed around:  tormán soitheach agus uisge dá sruthlughadh

slow adj.: (slow on one's feet) spadánta

smarting n.: greadfach

smash v.: being smashed against rocks: ghá ghreadadh in éadan carraigeach

smattering n.: a smattering of English: cunamar beag Béarla

smoke n.: toit f2

snap n.: (of fingers) blasc

snatch v.: to snatch something from someone's grasp: rud a scathadh as greim duine

sneeze n.: srólfach [Séamus Mhac G], sróthfach [Seosamh Mhac G],  sraothfach [Seaghán Mhac M], srófartach [Seaghán Mhac M]

snipe n.: mionnán aeir [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]

soak v.: (soak up, absorb) ól; it had soaked up the sea-water: bhí an sáile ólta aige

sod n.: (of earth) fód, pl. fóide

soft adj.: (of texture) bog; (of sound) íseal

solitary adj.: (standing apart) scaithte

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song n.: amhrán (pron. abhrán);  songs (collective): ceoltaí

sort (=kind) n.: seort (m)

sort out v.: to get something sorted out (ie. arranged satisfactorily):  deis a chur ar rud  they had everything sorted out (to their satisfaction):  bhí deis ar dóigh orthu

soul n.: anam (m3), pl. anamnacha (Donegal, Mayo), anamacha (Kerry, Caighdeán)

soup n.: sugh (anraith not used in Ulster). Sugh means a liquid extract, hot or cold; besides soup, it also covers juice, jam, gravy. Adjectival qualification distinguishes: sugh ubhaill, sugh milis, etc. Subh is a berry (strawb, raspb).

speak v.: speak the truth: an fhírinne a chanadh

speechless adj.: he was rendered speechless: thréig an chainnt é

splash n.: sceaird, sceairdeog

splashing n.: sluparnach

sport, n.: spórs

spot n.: in (quite) a spot of bother: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)

spread v.: leath

spring n.: (spring of water) fuarán  (jump) léim  (elastic spring) ...

squash v.: I fell over the bucket and squashed the sides of it together: thuit méar a' bhucóid agus bhrúigh mé a dhá taoibh ar a chéile

stage n.: (elevated area) leibheann

stand v.: stand back!: seas amach!

star, shooting n.: réalt reatha [Jane Nic Daeid, Learg na Larcán]

start n.: (I gave a start, involuntarily) chlis mé suas; baineadh cliseadh asam  (I gave a start, deliberately) thug mé urróg

start v.: (he started forward in his chair) thug sé urróg aniar sa chathaoir

sticker n.: greamán

sting v.: the whipcord was stinging him: bhí an sreangán ag baint greadfach as;  the snow stung his tongue: bhain an sneachta gread as a theangaidh

stomp v.: he stomped out of the room: ghread sé leis amach as an tseomra

stone n.: sharpening stone: cloch líomhtha;  megalith, stone memorial, cairn: leacht(a), m. gs. leachta, pl. leachtaí  gravestone (horizontal): leac

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  gravestone (vertical): tumba

stop v.: what's to stop me doing it?: caidé bhéadh orm gan a dheánamh?

strange adj.: strange to relate: gidh gur shaoitheamhail leat é (le rádh)

stream n.: small mountain stream, ravine in which stream flows: allt

strength n.: urradh m1

strike v.: the hand-grenade struck the side of the lorry:  greadadh an granád láimhe in éadan thaobh an loiridh;  striking out wildly: ag greadadh gan stuaim gan réasún  striking with his pickaxe at the coal-face:  ag greadadh lena phiocóid ar bhalla an ghuail

strong adj.: the men of our village were too strong (numerous) for them:  bhí cuid fear a' bhaile s'againne tiugh aca

style n.: the Roman style: deis na Róimhe

succeed v.: I succeeded in shaking them (the pursuers) off: chuaidh agam a scathadh;  how did you succeeed in removing the letters from it:

  Caidé mar chuaidh agat na leitreacha a bhaint as?

such adv.: so great was the weakness that affected him: ar mhéad 's bhí de lagar air

sugar n.: siúchra

suit v.: his name was not ill-suited to him: níor bh'olc a thainig a shloinneadh dó

summon v.: he summoned the secretary: ghoir sé chuige ar an rúnaidhe

supply v.: rud a riar do dhuine

suppress v.: I suppressed a smile as well as I could manage: choinnigh mé an aoibh de mo ghruaidh comh maith agus tháinig liom  they suppressed the urge to laugh: rinne siad rún ar na gáirí

susceptible adv.: an ill person is more susceptible to vermin than a healthy person:  bíonn duine breoidhte níos tugtha de áirnéis ná duine folláin

swaying (gently or violently): ag creafadaigh

swirl v.: he swirled the cup (containing water); shruthluigh sé an cupa

T

tag n.: (fastener) clib, sreangán

take v.: to take one's opportunity: an áimear a ghiacadh

talk v.: (she went on and on) chan sí léithe

tame adj.: a tame animal: beathach clóidhte  tame adjectives: aidiachtaí táire

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tough adj.: (hardy) righin  tá an cat righin: cats are tough, hardy (Learg na Larcán)

trailing: to leave someone trailing (in a race, chase): duine a scathadh

train v.: (induce to behave as desired)  he could not train his hair to lie flat:  ní thiocfadh leis a chuid gruaige a chlódhadh le fanacht ina luighe

traitor n.: fealltóir

treachery n.: feall f2 (gs feille)

trial n.: they were on trial: bhí siad ar a bhfiacháil

trim v.: to trim one's hair, beard: do ghruag, fhéasóg a bhearradh;  to trim a hedge: claidhe tom a bhearradh

trimmer n.: bearradóir; hedge trimmer: bearradóir tuim

trouble n.: they looked as if they would have no bother with the examination:  bhí cuma orthu nach mbéadh beinn ar bith acu ar an scrúdú [Nuair a Bhí Mé  in deep trouble: i ngéibheann (chruaidh, trom)

trough n.: (opposed to crest) eitre  while the boat was in a trough between two waves: fhad is bhí an bád 'naluighe i ngleann eadar dhá thuinn

trowel n.: liathán  a mortar-board (sarcastic): liathán gan chois

truth n.: to stand the truth on its head: an fhírinne a chur amach glan as a riocht

try v.: fiach, vn. fiacháil: did you try (to do) it? ar fhiach tú leis?  did you try it (out)? (e.g. a drink) ar fhiach tú é?

  what he was trying to say: an rud a bhí sé a mhaoidheamh

turn v.: he turned a little wheel (control): bhain sé casadh as rotha beag baoideach

type v.: cló-scríobhadh;  n. (variety): cineál, seórt

U

uncovered adj.: ris

under prep.: faoi

understanding n.: tuigbheáil; (insight) tuigse

uniform adj.: (the same throughout) coimhionann [Faoi Chrann Smola]

unpretentious (of an object) adj.: the most unpretentious of them: an ceann is táire aca

unravel v.: rois

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use v.: use the key (to open the door): fiach an eochair (leis an doras a fhoscladh)  why was it being used: cad chuig a rabhthar de  (handle) he knows how to use a gun: tuigeann sé an dóigh le gunna a láimhdeachas  easy to use: furas a láimhdeachas

used to adj.: used to heat/hardship: clóidhte leis an teas/chruaidhteán

V

variety n.: (difference) éagsamhlacht; (kind) cineál, seórt

vermin n.: (fleas, lice, etc.) áirnéis; miala (pl. of mial)

version n.: they told their own version of events:  chuir siad an deis a d'fhóir daobhtha féin ar ar thárluigh

vibrating: ag creafadaigh

virgin n.: maighdean (ban., gs. maighdeana)

vision n.: (imaginary experience) fís;  (attractive sight) aisling;  (ability to see) radharc

vowel, n.: guthaidhe

W

want v.: what do you want with me?: cad chuige a bhfuil tú domh?

warm to v.: (to become friendly with someone) clódhadh le duine

watch v.: (look out) faithchill  watch to your left: faithchill do chlé

waving: (of a flag, of anything raised into the air and mvong forwards and backwards)  ag creafadaigh

way n.: (manner) dóigh; that's the way he did it: sin an dóigh a rinne sé é.  how? what way?: caidé an dóigh?  (road) bealach  Use of "bealach" is confined in Ulster Gaelic to the "road" sense;  it is not an equivalent for English "way" in other senses.

wean v.: (remove a young animal from its mother): scaith  unweaned: gan scathadh

wear v.: worn through use: caithte maol ar mhéad is fuair sé de láimhdeachas

weed v.: lustan a bhaint, lustan a ghlanadh

weeds (collective) n.: lustan

weir n.: caraidh (f. gs. caradh) Knocknacarry (Co Antrim), an Dubhcharaidh (Co D

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wreck n.: a wrecked ship: cunamar luinge

wrestle v.: I'll wrestle you: bhéarfaidh mé car duit

wretched adj.: (of poverty-striken person) deileoir

wrinkle n.: (facial; or furrow of brow) ruic (ban., pl. ruicne/ruicní/ruicneacha)

write v.: (commit to writing) scríobh;  (compose, create) cum

X

Y

year n.: bliadhain (f3), gs. bliadhna, pl. bliadhantaí

your poss. adj.: (singular) do  (plural) mur

youth n.: (period of life) óige;

  Oisín in the Land of Youth: Oisín i dTír na hÓigeZ

Notes on some Ulster Irish words

aite: pleasant (not: strange);  "b'aite liom féin a bheith 'r thaoibh mhalaidh shléibhe"

  "b'aite le Nóra pis agus pónair, b'aite le Nóra branndaí"  "codladh go headaradh a b'aite liom féin"  "dá mbínn 'n mo tháilliúr ná 'n mo ghabha, 'n mo ghréasaí bróg a b'aite liom"  cf aiteas: "do shúil ghorm ghlé fár thréig mé aiteas is suairc'"

árd: high; (of sound) loud, high-volume

beinn: 1. fear of hardship (weather, hard work, hunger, etc.)  they are not afraid of bad weather: níl beinn acu ar an doininn  2. respectful fear of person etc.  he has no fear of God: níl beinn aige ar Dhia  3. friendly worry, concern;  do you concern yourself about me, do you worry about me? an bhfuil bei

nn agat orm?  they do not worry about their souls: níl beinn ar a n-anam acu

cairt f.: bark (of tree);  thin layer, coating, skin, deposit, crust, scum;  map: cairt iúil

ceol: music inc. song; ceoltaí: songs

claidhe: a ditch or wall around fields or gardens:

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  usually of solid material (c. cloch, fód, leacach, créafóige, gainimhe),  but also c.sceach, c.aitinnighe

chlis mé: I gave a start; (baineadh cliseadh asam)chlis orm: I failed (Ó Brógáin amháin)

creafadaigh: flapping, fluttering, waving, swaying, shaking, vibrating,  quivering, cowering, palpitating  an píosa a stróc an cliabh as druim a shean-chasóige crochta leis agus é ag  creafadaigh ins an ghaoith (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  buaileadh sála cruadhacha ar an urlár go dtí go rabh an dair ag lúbarnaigh agu ag  creafadaigh mar b^héadh saileog ann (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  Agus bhí an tor dubh sin ag damhsa agus ag creafadaigh go h-iongantach nó bhí néall  as Tír na hÓige ag tuitim ar an fhaireachán uaigneach (An Grádh agus an Ghruai)

  ..an carrfhiadh a' creafadaigh lena chosa (Feilimidh Dhomhnaill)

  ÓD: creathadaigh.

cornán n.: cornán nótaí  a roll of banknotes; cornán rópa  a coil of ropecrup: shrink, gather in, draw in, "stooped" shoulders, "bent" legs  (in computing) crupadh: compression; leathadh: decompression

  Chrup a ghuailneacha agus chaolaigh a chnámha agus sheangaigh a chliabhlach.  (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  Ar feadh tamaill fhada bhí an dá ghlúin a bhí rud beag crupaighthe, ós cionn an  ghainimh, agus an fhéasóg ag gobadh aníos. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  Chaith Cathal uadh an spád agus chaith sé é féin síos ar an uaigh, a dhá láimh  crupaighthe fá n-a cheann, agus é fuaighte de'n talamh ina phianaigh.

  (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  crupán ar na buaibh (Bríd Bhán); Loch a' Chrupáin

  ÓD: crap

cuifeallán: small group of people gathered together

  Chuaidh siad isteach an tráigh, agus chuaidh siad thart le cúig nó sé chuifeallái  daoiní, a bhí ag tarraingt ar an oileán go ndéanadh siad an turas.  (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  Tháinig an pobal amach i ndiaidh an Aifrinn agus chruinnigh siad thart 'na

  gcuifealláin a chómhrádh. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  D'fhágadh cuid eile an cuifeallán agus d'imthigheadh siad 'na' bhaile.  (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  Cuifeallán beag daoine thall sa tsráid (Tír Eoghain)

  ÓD: comhthionól

cunamar: a few words of English: cunamar beag Béarla,

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  a few pounds: cunamar beag airgid  a heap or jumble of broken or unfinished or useless things, junk, wreckage;  (in computing) waste(basket), trash(can)

  Rug mé ar mo dheilbh féin agus thóg mé de'n bhonn a bhí faoithe í, agus sháith  isteach imeasg chunamar de dheilbh leath-dhéanta í. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  D'éirigh siad [Sléibhte Thír Chonaill] roimhe eadar an meadhon-lae agus an neoin,  fá n-a gcuid sleasa fada gorm-cheodhacha, néaltai neimhe ag siabadh fá na mbathais  mar bhéadh folt fionn fada ag scabadh le síon, iad gágach le srutháin agus gioach  le fraoch agus garbh le scileach agus le cruadh-c^hunamar creagach.  (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  An fear a bhris crann darach, ní méadughadh do n-a chliú cunamar a dhéanamh de  shlat shaileoige. (An Grádh agus an Ghruaim)

  ÓD: conamar

curr: a projecting edge or corner

  ar churr an dreisiúir: on the edge of the dresser  ar chorr na cathaoire: on the edge of the chair  curr na beinne: the edge of the cliff  bhí an bonn ag imtheacht ar a churr: the coin was rolling on its edge  bhí curr ar a bhríste comh géar le béal sgine: he had a sharp crease in his trusers  bheith ar do churr: to be alert

deisigh: repair; (in computing) edit

doras m.: door [gs. dorais; pl. dorsaí]; Na Dorsaí = Dorsey, Co Armagh  variant gp. dorsach; Cúirt dhorsach Dhún na nGall  variant dp. dorsaibh

dual: usual, natural, expected  chan dual grian gan scáile (North Antrim): you don't expect sunshine without shadow;  ba dual de'n gháir sin dhá thaoibh an ghleanna a ghreadadh ar a chéile:  the cheer was fit to knock the two sides of the glen together  níor dhual dó é: it was not in his nature  ba dual sinnsear dó é: he gets it from his people faithche f.: a green area esp. public, e.g. a fair green or playing field

fál: a ditch or field-wall, common in Donegal placeames but rare in contemporary works

faoi: under (not: about)

fraochán m.: ring ouzel

fraochóg f.: bilberry

fuighleach/fuigheallach m.:  remainder, balance;  remains, leavings;

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  superfluity, excessive quantity.

fuinneog f.: window; iol, fuinneogaí

gaibhte (not: gabhtha): captured

gasúr, pl. gasraí: boy

géar: (of sound) high-pitched

giollacht: biadh a ghiollacht - to prepare, cook food;  daoine a ghiollacht - to guide, direct people;  daimhseoirí a ghiollacht - to "call" a dance, i.e. direct the dancers  talamh, bárr, móin a ghiollacht - to attend to land, crops, peat

gléas:

íseal: low; (of sound) soft, low-volume

lár: ground, floor

léana m.: a green flat area of land, often beside the sea or beside a river; a playing field, a lawn

locaim: I renege, refuse, withdraw, back out, back down  cáin loctha  penalty for withdrawal

??? luach: value or price

mullóg f.: a heap or raised area;  mullóg shléibhe: a heap-like mountain

préachán m.: a rook (called a crow in Hiberno-English); whereas a grey crow (scald-crow, hooded crow) is feannóg

scaiteacha pl.: a running fight

scaithim: 1. I pull away from, drop, shake off, leave well behind, leave trailing in my wake (a pursuer, a landmark)  Chuaidh agam a scathadh.  Scaith siad Rinn Chliabháin.  Ní rabh an rása i bhfad ar obair go rabh an chuid eile scaithte.  Sin feadóg bhocht a scaitheadh ó n-a cuid comrádaidhthe.  2. I separate, free, break free  Léim mo dhuine bocht eadar na ba a's an chontabhairt a's chuaidh 'á scathadh.  Dá scaitheadh sibh an sléigh sin amach as an oidhreogaigh...  Nuair a scaitheadh na soithigh ó n-a chéile...  Scaith an bád í féin (the boat floated off the rocks)  Crudh a scathadh, to shed a horseshoe.  Cnaipe a scathadh, to lose a button.

seanadh m.: sense of loyalty, sense of gratitude

ar s(h)on: for the sake of (a person, cause, etc);  in exchange, compensation for (a thing)

sliocht: (1) descendents, seed of  (2) bhí a shiocht air: the inevitable consequence of his action followed  not found in meaning "extract, excerpt"

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sruthlú: to rinse, to clean by shaking in water

teinidh f.: gs. teineadh; pl. teintí; a fire

toighte (not: tofa): chosen, elected

tom: gs&pl toim; a bush: t.cuilinn, t.dreasóg, t.aitinnighe, t.droighin, t.cuill;  a clump: t.cnádáin, t.raithnighe, t.caonaigh

tor: gs&pl toir; a sea-stack; a tower; a bush or small tree; tor aitinnighe: a whin-bush

trí: three (not: through)

usaid f2.: gs. usaide; pl. usaideacha, gpl. usaideach; a barrel, hogshead

urróg f2.: a lunge, lurch, sudden movement

Donegal pronunciations and local dialect words:

bliadhain: year (dhn pronounced nn - not as n - in oblique form bliadhna) (Gleann Fhinne  Ultach 29:9:3)

groiseog: gooseberry (Fánaid  Ultach 33:4:5)

seachtmhain: week (mh so pronounced) (Gleann Fhinne  Ultach 31:1:11)

síon: nothing (in negative sentences) (Fánaid  Ultach 27:7:1)

srubhán: cockle (Cloch Cheann-Fhaolaidh  Ultach 33:4:5)

Regular verb paradigms:

Note the following Ulster features.

1. Future and conditional of 2nd conjugation: the ch is clearly heard:  ceannóchaidh, cheannóchadh, srl.

2. dóigh, báigh, léigh. srl. The igh is clearly heard, eg.  in present tense: léighim (NOT léim), léigheann  in past autonomous: dóigheadh (NOT dódh)

3. díol, cuir, bheir, srl. When an ending in -t- is added, the t is frequently lenited:  imperfect autonomous: dhíolthaí, chuirthí, bheirthí

4. Second conjugation: verbal adjective is frequently formed with -iste:  cóiriste, cruinniste, coinniste

5. First conjugation: verbal adjective frequently has -í added:  glacthaí

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6. Verbal nouns in -áil frequently have -t suffixed:  fágáilt, coinneáilt

Irregular verb paradigms:

deán:imperative: deán, deánaigí (subjunctive: go ndeánaidh sé, go ndeánadh sé)present: ghní sé, an ndeánann sé (imperfect: ghnidheadh sé, an ndeánadh sé)past: rinne sé, an dtearn séfuture: dheánfaidh sé, an ndeánfaidh sé (conditional: dheánfadh sé, an ndeánfadh sé)verbal noun: deánamh; verbal adjective: deántaAn rud a tchídh an páiste, ghnídh an páiste.

feic:imperative: none (action is involuntary); look is amharc or dearc (subjunctive:go bhfeicidh sé, go bhfeiceadh sé)present: tchí sé, an bhfeiceann sé (imperfect: tchidheadh sé, an bhfeiceadh sé)past: chonnaic sé, an bhfaca séfuture: tchífidh sé, an bhfeicfidh sé (conditional: tchífeadh sé, an bhfeicfeadh sé)verbal noun: feiceáil; verbal adjective: not used (I have seen = chonnaic mé)An rud a tchídh an páiste, ghnídh an páiste.

tabhair:imperative: tabhair, tugaigí (subjunctive: go dtugaidh sé, go dtugadh/dtabharadh sé?)present: bheir sé, an dtugann sé (imperfect: bheireadh sé, an dtugadh sé)past: thug sé, an dtug sé (NOT ar thug); ní thug, nach dtug, go dtug, sula dtug)future: bhéarfaidh sé, an dtabharfaidh sé (conditional: bhéarfadh sé, an dtabharfadh séverbal noun: tabhairt; verbal adjective: tugtha

faigh:imperative: faigh, faighigí (subjunctive: go bhfaighidh sé, go bhfaigheadh sé)present: gheibh sé, an bhfaghann sé (imperfect: gheibheadh sé, an bhfaghadh sé)past: fuair sé, an bhfuair séfuture: gheobhaidh sé, an bhfuighidh sé (conditional: gheobhadh sé, an bhfuigheadh sé)

verbal noun: fagháil; verbal adjective: faighte

tar:imperative: tar, taraigí (subjunctive: go dtaraidh/dtigidh sé?, go dtaradh/dtigeadhsé?)present: thig sé, an dtig sé (imperfect: thigeadh sé, an dtigeadh sé)past: tháinig sé, an dtáinig sé (NOT ar tháinig); ní tháinig, nach dtáinig, go dtáinig,future: tiocfaidh sé, an dtiocfaidh sé (conditional: thiocfadh sé, an dtiocfadh sé)verbal noun: teacht; verbal adjective: none (verb is intransitive; I have come = tháinig mé)note: "tag" is not used in any tense

téidh:

imperative: téidh/gabh, téidhigí/gabhaigípresent: théid sé, an dtéid sé (imperfect: théidheadh sé, an dtéidheadh sé)past: chuaidh sé, an dteachaidh séfuture: rachaidh sé, an rachaidh sé (conditional: rachadh sé, an rachadh sé)verbal noun: goil; verbal adjective: none (verb is intransitive; I have gone = chuaidh mé)

cluin:imperative: should be none as action is involuntary (listen is éist), but cluin is sometimes used

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present: chluin sé, an gcluin sé (ending -eann sometimes added) (imperfect: chluineadh sé, an gcluineadh sé)past: chuala sé, an gcuala sé (not usually ar chuala sé, but it is sometimes used); ní huala, nach gcuala, go gcuala; sula gcualafuture: cluinfidh sé, an gcluinfidh sé (conditional: chluinfeadh sé, an gcluinfeadh sé)verbal noun: cluinstin; verbal adjective: ?

abair:imperative: abair, abraigí (subjunctive: go n-abraidh sé, go n-abradh sé)present: deir sé, an abrann sé (imperfect: deireadh sé, an abradh sé)past: dubhairt sé, ar dhubhairt sé (an ndubhairt sé); níor dhubhairt, nár dhubhairt, guhubhairt, sular dhubhairtfuture: deirfidh sé, an abóraidh sé (conditional: déarfadh sé, an abóradh séverbal noun: rádh/ráidht; verbal adjective: ráidhte

ith:future: íosfaidh sé (conditional: d'íosfadh sé)

fág:future: fágfaidh/fuígfidh sé (conditional: d'fhágfadh/d'fhuígfeadh sé)

marbh:future: muirbhfidh sé (conditional: mhuirbhfeadh sé)

bí: note the following Ulster forms:present relative: a bíos (ie. unlenited); a bídh is sometimes found before "sé", "sí", sibh", "siad"present autonomous: bíthear, ní bhíthearpast autonomous: bhíthear, ní rabhtharrelative form of the autonomous:  present: (direct, absolute) a bíthear, (indirect, dependent) a mbíthear;  past: (direct, absolute) a bhíthear, (indirect, dependent) a rabhthar