English Industrial Revolution

storia

WHY “REVOLUTION”?

We can say it was a REVOLUTION

because it CHANGED the life of

people.

WHY IN ENGLAND?

The population increased

Large Empire

Strong economyInventions

from 6 to 9 mln inhabitants

Population density

City1600 1750 1800

London 200.000 575.000 948.000Manchester 1500 14.000 84.000Liverpool 8.000 22.000 83.000Birmingham 2500 24.000 71.000Bristol 12.000 50.000 64.000Leeds - 16.000 53.000Sheffield - - 46.000

Population

INNOVATIONS

A new steam engine was used in factories to give power to the machines expecially in TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The most important innovations were

1763 James Watt developed a new steam engine. 1764 Invention of the “spinning Jenny”. It created a big change in textile

industry. 1783 Steam powered cotton mill invented by Sir Richard Arkwright

James Watt STEAM ENGINE

More durable and efficient

BUT it needs: Coal opened a lot of coal mines

Iron it was used to make machines, trains, ships

money

Men, women and children went to work in factories because they need workers

CONSEQUENCES…

Machines to do the work of hand tools

Commerce and industry were closely

related.

Growth of demand

…SO…

changes in production

Increased production of iron

Development of mining industry

Commerce development

(import ed export)

Development of textile industry

technological innovations

Exports of manufactures of cotton (in thousands of pounds)

23 46335

1875

7050

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1701 1751 1780 1791 1801

Production of iron ore (thousand tonnes)

17 17

61

109

244

0

50

100

150

200

250

1720 1740 1788 1796 1806

Coal production

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION come quickly new classes

MIDDLE CLASS (doctors, lawyers, factory owners,

merchants) had a confortable life and became richer.

WORKING CLASS (proletarians):

people from the countryside began to move into the towns, looking for

a better paid work.

Factory workers were paid very little and it was difficult to find a place

to live in the city.

Most families lived in a room (sometimes several families lived

together) cold, dark and unhealthy.

People (men, women and children) worked at least 12 hours a day

from Monday to Saturday, some also worked on Sunday, in terrible

conditions.

A NEW LANDSCAPE Widening of roads and transport:

Renewed the road networkThe rivers are made navigable canals, and many are built.

Concentration of industrial areas in the plains, near mines and roads

Begin to form the industrial cities high concentration of factories and overcrowded slums for the workers

Canals and roads in England at the end of XVIII century

the end