ACADEMIC WORDLIST

1 – 10

2017

ENGLISH – THAI DICTIONARY

SUBLIST 1

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

analysis (a) detailed examination of something (a sentence, a chemical compound etc) especially by breaking it up into the parts of which it is made up

การวเคราะห

approach to come near (to) เขาใกล area a place; part (of a town etc) บรเวณ assessment to estimate or judge the quality or

quantity of ประเมน; ประเมนคา; ประเมนราคา

assume to take or accept as true ทกทกเอา authority the power or right to do something อานาจหนาท available able or ready to be used ใชประโยชนได benefit something good to receive,

an advantage ผลประโยชน; ขอไดเปรยบ

concept an idea or theory ความคด consistent (often with with)

in agreement (with) ทสอดคลองกน

constitutional (formal) to form; to make up; to be

กอตง

context the parts directly before or after a word or phrase (written or spoken) which affect its meaning

ขอความแวดลอมทชวยใน

การเขาใจความหมาย

contract to make or become smaller, less, shorter, tighter etc

ยอ; หด

create to cause to exist; to make สราง data or noun singular facts

or information (especially the information given to a computer)

ขอมล

definition an explanation of the exact meaning of a word or phrase

คานยาม

derived to come or develop from กลายมาจาก distribute to divide (something) among

several (people); deal out แจกจาย

economic the system by which a country’s production, trade, and money supply are organized

เศรษฐกจ

English – Thai Dictionary

environment (a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth

สภาพแวดลอม

established settled or accepted ทไดรบการยอมรบ estimate to judge size, amount, value etc,

especially roughly or without measuring

ประมาณ

evidence information etc that gives reason for believing something; proof (eg in a law case)

ขออางอง

export to send (goods) to another country for sale

สงออก

factor something, eg a fact, which has to be taken into account or which affects the course of events

ตวประกอบ; ปจจยททาใหเกดผลหรอมอทธพล

ตอสงตาง ๆ financial concerning money เกยวกบเรองเงน formula an arrangement of signs or letters

used in chemistry, arithmetic etc to express an idea briefly

สตร

function a special job, use or duty (of a machine, part of the body, person etc)

หนาท

identified to recognize as being a certain person etc

พสจนวาเปนคนเดยวกน

income money received by a person as wages etc

รายได

indicate to point out or show แสดง individual single; separate เดยว; แตละ interpret to translate a speaker’s words,

while he is speaking, into the language of his hearers

แปล

involved complicated ยงยาก issue to give or send out, or

to distribute, especially officially แจกจาย (เสอผา, อาหาร) แกทหาร

labour hard work แรงงาน legal lawful; allowed by the law ถกกฎหมาย legislation the act of legislating การออกกฎหมาย major great, or greater, สาคญมาก

English – Thai Dictionary

in size, importance etc method the way in which one does

something วธ

occur to take place เกดขน percentage an amount, number or rate given

as a fraction of one hundred อตรารอยละ

period any length of time ระยะเวลา policy a planned

or agreed course of action usually based on particular principles

นโยบาย

principle a general truth, rule or law กฎ procedure the order or method of doing

something ขนตอน

process a method or way of manufacturing things

กระบวนการ

require to need ตองการ research a close and careful study to find

out (new) facts or information การวจย

response a reply or reaction คาตอบ; การตอบสนอง role a part played by an actor or

actress in a play etc บทบาท

section a part or division สวนหนง; แบงแยก sector (mathematics) a section of a circle

whose sides are a part of the circumference and two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference.

สวนหนงของวงกลม

significant important; having an important effect

ซงมความหมาย

similar (often with to) alike in many (often most) ways

เหมอนกน

source the place, person, circumstance, thing etc from which anything begins or comes

ตนกาเนด

specific giving all the details clearly เฉพาะเจาะจง structure the way in which something is

arranged or organized โครงสราง

theory an idea or explanation which has not yet been proved to be correct

สมมตฐาน

variables that may be varied ซงเปลยนแปลงได

English – Thai Dictionary

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 2

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

Achieve to gain or reach successfully สาเรจ acquisition the act of acquiring การไดมา administration management การบรหาร affect to act or have an effect on กระทบ; มผลตอ appropriate suitable; proper เหมาะสม aspects a part of something to be thought

about แงมม

assistance help ความชวยเหลอ categories a class or division of things

(or people) หมวด

chapter a main division of a book บท (ของหนงสอหรองานเขยน)

commission (business) money earned by a person who sells things for someone else

คานายหนา

community a group of people especially having the same religion or nationality and living in the same general area

ชมชน; สงคม

complex composed of many parts ซบซอน computer an electronic machine capable of

storing and processing large amounts of information and of performing calculations

คอมพวเตอร

conclusion an end สวนสดทาย conduct to lead or guide นา consequences a result ผล construction (a way of) constructing or putting

together การกอสราง

consumer (business ) a person who eats, uses, buys things etc

ผบรโภค

credit time allowed for payment of goods etc after they have been received

ระยะเวลาทใหสนเชอ

culture a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation

วฒนธรรม

design to invent and prepare a plan of (something) before it is built or made

ออกแบบ

English – Thai Dictionary

distinction (the making of) a difference ความแตกตาง elements an essential part of anything องคประกอบสาคญ equation (mathematics) a statement that two

things are equal or the same สมการ

evaluation to form an idea of the worth of ประเมนผล features a mark by which anything is

known; a quality ลกษณะ

final the very last สดทาย focus the point at which rays

of light meet after passing through a lens

จดรวมแสง

impact a strong effect or impression ผลกระทบ injury (an instance of) harm or damage อนตราย institute a society or organization, or

the building it uses สถาบน

investment a sum of money invested เงนลงทน items a separate object, article etc,

especially one of a number named in a list

ของ

journal a magazine or other regularly published paper (eg of a society)

นตยสาร; วารสาร

maintenance the process of keeping something in good condition

การรกษาสภาพ

normal usual; without any special characteristics or circumstances

ปกต

obtained to get; to become the possessor of ไดรบ participate to be one of a group

of people actively doing something มสวนรวม

perceived to be or become aware of (something); to understand; to realize

รบร

positive meaning or saying ’yes’ ซงถกตอง potential possible; that may develop into the

thing mentioned ทอาจเกดขนได

previous earlier in time or order แตกอน primary first or most important ทสาคญทสด purchase to buy ซอ range a selection or variety ความหลากหลาย region a part of a country, the world etc ภมภาค

English – Thai Dictionary

regulation a rule or instruction กฎขอบงคบ relevant connected with or saying

something important about what is being spoken about or discussed

เขาประเดน

resident a person who lives or has his home in a particular place

ผพกอาศย

resources (usually in plural ) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means

วธการ; ทรพยากร

restricted limited; narrow, small คบแคบ security the state of being, or making safe,

secure, free from danger etc ความปลอดภย

sought (sometimes with for) to try to find, get or achieve

คนหา

select to choose or pick from among a number

เลอก

site a place where a building, town etc is, was, or is to be, built

สถานทตง

strategies the art of planning a campaign or large military operation

ยทธวธ; กลยทธ

survey to look at, or view, in a general way

สารวจ

text in a book, the written or printed words, as opposed to the illustrations, notes etc

เนอหา

traditional a custom, belief, story etc that is passed on

แบบดงเดม

transfer to remove to another place ยาย

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 3

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

alternative offering a choice of a second possibility

สารอง

circumstances a condition (time, place etc) connected with an event

สภาวะแวดลอม

comments (a) spoken or written remark ขอคดเหน compensation payment etc given for loss

or injury การไดรบความเสยหาย

components a part of a machine (eg a car), instrument (eg a radio) etc

สวนประกอบ

consent to give permission or agree (to) ยอมใหทา considerable great คอนขางมาก constant never stopping ทเกดขนตลอดเวลา constraints something that limits your

freedom to do what you would like to do

ขอจากด

contribution the act of contributing การบรจาค convention a way of behaving that

has become usual; (an) established custom

ธรรมเนยมปฏบต

coordinate to adjust (a movement or action) so that it fits in or works smoothly (with other movements or actions)

ทาใหประสานกน

core the innermost part of something, especially fruit

แกน

corporate united ทรวมกน corresponding similar, matching เหมอนกน criteria a standard used or referred to in

judging something เกณฑ; บรรทดฐาน

deduction the act of deducing การอนมาน demonstrate to show clearly แสดงใหเหน document a written statement

giving information, proof, evidence etc

เอกสาร

dominant ruling; most important; strongest ทมอานาจเหนอกวา; ซงเปนสวนสาคญ; เดน

emphasis stress put on certain words การเนน

English – Thai Dictionary

in speaking etc; greater force of voice used in words or parts of words to make them more noticeable

ensure to make sure ทาใหแนใจ excluded to prevent (someone) from

sharing or taking part in something

กนออกไป

framework a hard main structure round which something is built or made

โครงสรางพนฐาน

funds money ready to spend เงนทพรอมใช illustrated having pictures etc มภาพประกอบ immigration the act of entering

a country in order to settle there การอพยพ

implies to suggest or hint without actually stating

บอกเปนนย

initial of, or at, the beginning ชนตน instance an example, especially of

a condition or circumstance กรณ

interact (of two or more people, things etc) to act, or have some effect, on each other

มปฏกรยาตอกน

justification (the act of) justifying or excusing

การแสดงความบรสทธ; การใหเหตผลแกตว

layer a thickness or covering ชน link a ring of a chain ขอลกโซ location position or situation ตาแหนงทตง maximum greatest สงสด minorities a small number; less than half คนกลมนอย negative meaning or saying ‘no’; denying

something เปนการปฏเสธ

outcomes the result ผล partnership the state of being or becoming

partners การเปนหนสวน

philosophy the search for knowledge and truth, especially about the nature of man and his behaviour /behavior and beliefs

การแสวงหาความรและ

ความจรง

English – Thai Dictionary

physical of things that can be seen or felt เกยวกบรปธรรม proportion a part (of a total amount) สวน published to prepare, print and produce for

sale (a book etc) จดพมพ

reaction the act of reacting การตอบสนอง register (a book containing) a

written list, record etc ทะเบยน

rely to depend on or need อาศย remove to take away เอาออกไป scheme a plan or arrangement; a way of

doing something แผนการ; การจดวธการทาอะไรบางอยาง

sequence a series of events etc following one another in a particular order

เหตการณตอเนองกนมา

sex either of the two classes (male and female) into which human beings and animals are divided according to the part they play in producing children or young

เพศ

shift to change (the) position or direction (of)

เคลอนยาย

specify to mention particularly กาหนด sufficient enough ทพอเพยง task a piece of especially hard work;

a duty that must be done งานหนก

technical having, or relating to, a particular science or skill, especially of a mechanical or industrial kind

เกยวกบวชาชาง

techniques the way in which a (usually skilled) process is, or should be, carried out

เทคนค

technology (the study of) science applied to practical, ( especially industrial) purposes

เทคโนโลย

validity the state of being acceptable or reasonable

ความถกตอง

volume the amount of space occupied by something, expressed

ปรมาตร

English – Thai Dictionary

in cubic measurement

SUBLIST 4

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

access way or right of approach or entry

ทางเขา

adequate sufficient; enough พอเพยง annual happening every year ประจาป apparent easy to see; evident ชดเจน approximated very nearly correct or accurate;

not intended to be absolutely correct

ใกลเคยง; โดยประมาณ

attitudes a way of thinking or acting etc ทศนคต attributed to think of as being written,

made etc ถอวาเปนของ

civil of the state or community เกยวกบรฐหรอชมชน code a (secret) system of words,

letters, or symbols 8รหส

commitment obligation 8ความรบผดชอบ communication (an act, or means, of)

conveying information 8การตดตอสอสาร

concentrate to give all one’s energies, attention etc to one thing

มงไปท

conference a meeting for discussion 8การประชมเพอแลกเปลยน

ความคดเหน contrast to show marked difference from แตกตางจาก cycle to go by bicycle ขจกรยาน debate a discussion or argument,

especially a formal one in front of an audience

การโตวาท

despite in spite of ถงอยางไรกตาม dimensions a measurement in length, breadt

h, or thickness การหามต

domestic of or in the house or home เกยวกบบาน emerged to come out; to come into view ปรากฏ error a mistake ขอผดพลาด ethnic of nations or races of mankind

or their customs, dress, food etc เกยวกบชาตพนธ

goals in football, rugby, hockey etc ประต

English – Thai Dictionary

the act of kicking, hitting etc a ball between the goalposts; the point gained by doing this

granted (even) if; assuming ถา; สมมต hence for this reason เพราะฉะนน hypothesis an

unproved theory or point of view put forward, eg for the sake of argument

สมมตฐาน

implement a tool or instrument อปกรณเครองใช implication an occasion when you seem

to suggest something without saying it directly

ความหมาย

imposed to place (a tax, fine, task etc) on someone or something

กาหนด

integrate to (cause to) mix freely with other groups in society etc

ผสมผสาน

internal of, on or in the inside of something (eg a person’s body)

ภายในรางกาย

investigate to examine or inquire into carefully

สบสวน

job a person’s daily work or employment

การงาน; อาชพ

label a small written note fixed on or near anything to tell its contents, owner etc

ปาย

mechanism a (usually small) piece of machinery

8ชนสวนของเครองจกร

obvious easily seen or understood; evident

ชดเจน

occupational of, or caused by, a person’s job 8ซงเกยวกบอาชพ option choice ทางเลอก output the quantity of goods, amount of

work produced ปรมาณของสงทผลตได

overall a garment worn over ordinary clothes to protect them from dirt

เสอคลมทสวมเพอกน

เปอน parallel (of straight lines) going in the

same direction and always staying the same distance apart

ทขนานกน

parameters a set of facts or พารามเตอร

English – Thai Dictionary

a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done

phase a stage in the development of something

ระยะ

predicted to say in advance; to foretell ทานาย principal most important สาคญมากกวาอยางอน prior already arranged for the

same time ทมมากอน

professional of a profession ทมความเชยวชาญ project a plan or scheme แผนงาน promote to raise (to a higher rank

or position) เลอนตาแหนง

regime a (system of) government ระบอบการปกครอง resolution a firm decision (to do

something) การตดสนใจอยางเดดขาด

retained to continue to have, use, remember etc; to keep in one’s possession, memory etc

เกบไว; รกษาไว; สงวนไว; จดจา

series a number of usually similar things done, produced etc one after another

อนกรม; ลาดบ; ชด

statistics information based on a study of the number of times something happens or is present, or other numerical facts

สถต

status the position of a person with regard to his legal rights etc

สถานภาพ

stress the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this

ความตงเครยด

subsequent following or coming after ซงตามมา sum the amount or total made by two

or more things or numbers added together

จานวนรวม

summary a shortened form of a statement, story etc giving only the main points

ใจความสรป

English – Thai Dictionary

undertaken to accept (a duty, task, responsibility etc)

รบผดชอบ

SUBLIST 5

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

academic of or concerning study especially in schools, colleges etc

ดานวชาการ

adjust (often with to) to change so as to make or be better suited

ปรบตว

alter to make or become different; to change

เปลยน

amendment a small change which is made to a law or document

การแกไขเพมเตม

aware knowing; informed; conscious (of) ตระหนกร capacity ability to hold, contain etc ปรมาณสงสดทจะรบได challenge to ask (someone) to take part in

a contest ทาทาย

clause (linguistics ) a part of a sentence having its own subject and predicate, eg either of the two parts of this sentence

อนประโยค

compounds composed of a number of parts 8ทเกดจากสวนประกอบ

ดวยจานวนสองสวนขน

ไป conflict (a) disagreement ความขดแยง consult to seek advice or information from ปรกษา contact physical touch or nearness การสมผส decline (formal ) to say ‘no’ to

(an invitation etc); to refuse ปฏเสธ

discretion discreetness 8ความรอบคอบ draft a rough sketch or outline of

something, especially written 8ฉบบราง

enable to make able by giving means, power or authority (to do something)

ใหอานาจ

energy the ability to act, or the habit of acting, strongly and vigorously

8กาลง

enforcement to cause (a law, a command, one’s own will etc) to be carried out

8ใชกาลงบงคบใหปฏบต

ตาม entities something that exists apart from เอกลกษณ

English – Thai Dictionary

other things, having its own independent existence

equivalent equal in value, power, meaning etc เทากบ evolution gradual working out or development 8ววฒนาการ expansion the act or state of expanding การขยายออก exposure (an) act of exposing or state of

being exposed 8การเปดเผย

external of, for, from, or on, the outside ทใชภายนอก facilitate to make something possible or easier อานวยความสะดวก fundamental of great importance; essential; basic ทเปนพนฐาน generated to cause or produce สรางขน generation one stage in the descent of a family ชวอาย; ชวคน; รนอาย;

รน image a likeness or copy of a person etc

made of wood, stone etc รปปน

liberal generous ใจด licence a (printed) form giving permission to

do something (eg to keep a television set etc, drive a car, sell alcohol etc)

ใบอนญาต

logic (the study and art of) reasoning correctly

ตรรกศาสตร; เหตผล; ระบบการใชเหตผล

marginal small and almost non-existent or unimportant

เลกและไมสาคญ

medical of healing, medicine or doctors ทางการแพทย mental of the mind เกยวกบจตใจ modify to change the form or quality of,

usually slightly เปลยนแปลง

monitoring a senior pupil who helps to see that school rules are kept.

ผดแล

network anything in the form of a net, ie with many lines crossing each other

โครงขายเชอมโยง

notion understanding ความเขาใจ objective a thing aimed at เปาหมาย orientate to get (oneself) used

to unfamiliar surroundings, conditions etc; orient

ปรบ

perspective the way of drawing solid เทคนควาดภาพแบบทม

English – Thai Dictionary

objects, natural scenes etc on a flat surface, so that they appear to have the correct shape, distance from each other etc

สดสวนอยางทมองเหน

precise exact แมนยา prime first or most important ทมาลาดบแรก psychology the study or science of

the human mind จตวทยา

pursue to follow especially in order to catch or capture; to chase

ไลตาม

ratio the amount or proportion of one thing compared to another

อตราสวน

reject to refuse to accept ปฏเสธ revenue money which comes to a person etc

from any source or sources (eg property, shares), especially the money which comes to a government from taxes etc

รายได

stability the quality of being stable เสถยรภาพ style a manner or way of doing

something, eg writing, speaking, painting, building etc

รปแบบ

substitution the act of substituting, or process of being substituted

การแทน; การแทนท

sustainable able to continue without harming the environment

ทไมทางายสงแวดลอม

symbolic regarded as representing or standing for another

ทเปนเครองหมาย

target a marked board or other object aimed at in shooting practice, competitions etc with a rifle, bow and arrow etc

จดมงหมาย

transition (a) change from one place, state, subject etc to another

การเปลยน

trend a general direction or tendency แนวทาง version an account from one point of view 8เรองราว welfare mental and physical health; living

conditions ความมสขภาพด; สวสดภาพ

English – Thai Dictionary

whereas when in fact; but on the other hand ในทางตรงกนขาม

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 6

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

abstract (of a noun) referring to something which exists as an idea and which is not physically real

ทเปนนามธรรม

accurate exactly right ถกตอง; แมนยา acknowledged to admit as being fact ยอมรบ aggregate a total ผลรวม allocation the use (for a particular purpose) การแบงสวน assigned to give to someone as his share or duty มอบหมาย attached (with to) fond of ชอบ author the writer of a book, article, play etc ผเขยน bond something that unites or joins people

together ขอผกมด

brief not long; short โดยยอ capable clever especially in practical ways ททาไดด cited to mention something as proof for

a theory or as a reason why something has happened

อางถง

cooperative willing to act or work together ซงทางานรวมกน discriminate (with between) to make or see

a difference between บอกความแตกตาง

ระหวาง display to set out for show นาเสนอ diversity variety ความหลากหลาย domain an old word for the lands

which belong to a person อาณาจกร

edition a number of copies of a book etc printed at a time, or the form in which they are produced

ฉบบพมพ; พมพครงท

enhanced better than before ทเพมขน estate a large piece of land owned by

one person or a group of people etc ทดน

exceed to go beyond; to be greater than เกนกวา expert (with at or on

) skilled through training or practice ซงเชยวชาญ

explicit stated, or stating, fully and clearly ชดเจน federal (of a government or group of states)

joined together ,usually for national and external affairs only

ทตรงกลาง

English – Thai Dictionary

fees the price paid for work done by

a doctor, lawyer fee or for some special service or right

คาธรรมเนยม

flexibility ability to change according to circumstances etc

ความยดหยน

furthermore in addition (to what has been said) นอกจากน gender any of a number of classes into which

nouns and pronouns can be divided (eg masculine, feminine, neuter)

เพศ

ignored to take no notice of; to pay no attention to

ทาเพกเฉย

incentive something that encourages etc แรงจงใจ incident an event or happening เหตการณ incorporated (often abbreviated to Inc., inc.) formed

into a company, corporation etc ซงรวมเขาเปนหนง

เดยวกน index an alphabetical list of names,

subjects etc eg at the end of a book ดชน

inhibited unable to relax and express one’s feelings in an open and natural way

การยบย ง

initiatives a first step or move that leads the way การเรมตน input something, eg an amount of electrical

energy, that is supplied to a machine วตถทปอนเขาไปใน

เครองจกร instructions (in plural ) (a book etc giving)

directions, eg about the use of a machine etc

วธใช

intelligence the quality of being intelligent ความฉลาด interval a time or space between ชวงเวลา lecture a formal talk given to students or other

audiences การบรรยาย

migration travelling from one region to another at certain times of the year

การปวดศรษะขางเดยว

minimum smallest or lowest (possible, obtained, recorded etc)

อยางตา

ministry a department of government or the building where its employees work

กระทรวง

motivation something that makes a person choose to act in a particular way; a reason

แรงบนดาลใจ

neutral not taking sides in a quarrel or war ซงเปนกลาง nevertheless in spite of that แตอยางไรกตาม overseas across the sea; abroad โพนทะเล; ตางประเทศ

English – Thai Dictionary

preceding to go, happen etc before อยขางหนา presumption something presumed การสนนษฐาน rational able to think, reason and judge etc สามารถคดตดสนใจได recovery (an) act or process of recovering การหายเจบปวย revealed to make known เปดเผย scope (often with for) the opportunity

or chance to do, use or develop โอกาส; ความเปนไปได

subsidiary adding to, or making a contribution towards, something larger, more important etc

ทเสรมใหสมบรณ

tapes (a piece of) a narrow strip or band of cloth used for tying etc

สายรด

trace a mark or sign left by something รองรอย transformation the act of transforming or process of

being transformed การเปลยนรป

transport to carry (goods, passengers etc) from one place to another

บรรทก

underline to draw a line under ขดเสนใต utility a useful public service, eg the supply o

f water, gas, electricity etc. สาธารณปโภค

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 7

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

adapt to change or alter (so as to fit a different situation etc)

ปรบ; ทาใหกลมกลน; ทาใหเหมาะ

adult fully grown โตเตมท advocate a supporter, a person who is in favour

(of) ผใหการสนบสนน

aid help ความชวยเหลอ channel the bed of a stream or other way

through which liquid can flow รองน า

chemical (the science that deals with) the nature of substances and the ways in which they act on, or combine with, each other

วถทางททาใหเกด

ความสมพนธระหวาง

บคคล

classical (especially of literature, art etc) of ancient greece and rome

ทเปนแบบดงเดม

comprehensive including many things ทครอบคลม comprise (formal) to contain or consist of ประกอบดวย confirmed settled in a habit or way of life ทเกดขนเปนประจา contrary (often with to) opposite (to) or

in disagreement (with) ตรงกนขาม

converted to change from one thing into another เปลยน couple two; a few สอง; ไมมาก decades a period of ten years ทศวรรษ definite clear; fixed or certain ทแนนอน deny to declare not to be true ประกาศวาไมจรง difference what makes one thing unlike another ความแตกตาง disposal the act of getting rid of something กระบวนการกาจดสงของ dynamic concerned with force มพลง eliminate to get rid of; to omit or exclude กาจด empirical based on practical experience

or scientific experiments rather than theory

ซงไดจากประสบการณ

equipment the clothes, machines, tools etc necessary for a particular kind of work, activity etc

อปกรณ

extract to pull out, or draw out, especially by force or with effort

ถอนออก

English – Thai Dictionary

file a line of soldiers etc walking one

behind the other แถว

finite having an end or limit มขอบเขต foundation the act of founding การสถาปนา; การกอตง global affecting the whole world โดยรวม grade one level in a scale of qualities,

sizes etc ระดบ

guarantee a statement by the maker that something will work for a certain period of time

ใบรบประกน

hierarchy (an) arrangement (of usually people in a group, also things etc ) in order of rank, importance etc

การจดระบบตามลาดบขน

identical the same in every detail เหมอนกน ideology a set of beliefs on which a political

or economic system is based คตนยม

inferred to judge (from facts or evidence) ลงความคดเหน innovation (the act of making) a change or a

new arrangement etc นวตกรรม

insert to put or place (something) in แทรก intervention (an) act of intervening (in

a quarrel etc) การแทรกแซง

isolated lonely; standing alone โดดเดยว media all the organizations that supply news

and information to the public, such as newspapers, radio, television, and the internet

สอมวลชน

mode a manner of doing something วธการ paradigm a typical example, model, or pattern of

something แบบอยาง

phenomenon a natural fact or event that is seen or happens regularly or frequently

ปรากฏการณ

priority the right to be or go first การมสทธไดกอน prohibited to forbid หาม publication the act of publishing or

announcing publicly ธรกจการพมพ

quotation a person’s exact words, as repeated by someone else

คาอางอง

release to set free; to allow to leave ปลดปลอย reverse to move backwards or in ถอยกลบ

English – Thai Dictionary

the opposite direction to normal simulation (an act of) simulating การลอกเลยนแบบ solely only โดยลาพง somewhat rather; a little คอนขาง submitted to yield to control or to

a particular kind of treatment by another person

ยอม

successive following one after the other ตอเนองกน survive to remain alive in spite of

(a disaster etc) รอดตาย

thesis a long written essay, report etc, often done for a university degree

วทยานพนธ

topic something spoken or written about; a subject

หวขอ

transmission the act of transmitting การสงผาน ultimately in the end ทายทสด unique being the only one of its kind, or

having no equal ซงเปนหนงเดยว

visible able to be seen ทสามารถมองเหนได voluntary done, given etc by choice, not

by accident or because of being forced (often without pay)

โดยสมครใจ

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 8

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

abandon to leave, not intending to return to ทง accompanied to go with (someone or something) ไปเปนเพอน accumulation (usually of things) to gather or be

gathered together in a large quantity สะสม

ambiguous having more than one possible meaning

ทกากวม; คลมเครอ

appendix (plural sometimes appendices /-siːz/) a section, usually containing extra information, added at the end of a book, document etc

ภาคผนวก

appreciation gratefulness ความสานกบญคณ arbitrary not decided by rules or laws but by a

person’s own opinion ตามใจชอบ; โดยไมมกฎเกณฑ

automatic (of a machine etc) working by itself 8อตโนมต bias favouring /favoring of one or other

(side in an argument etc) rather than remaining neutral

ลาเอยง

chart a map of part of the sea แผนททะเล clarity the state of being clear or easy to see

through ความชดเจน

conform to behave, dress etc in the way that most other people do

ทาใหเหมอนหรอคลายกน

commodity (business) an article which is bought or sold

สนคา

complement (linguistics) in a sentence, the words of the predicate, not including the verb

องคประกอบททาให

สมบรณในประโยค contemporary living at, happening at or belonging to

the same period รวมสมย

contradict to say the opposite of; to argue or disagree with

โตแยง

crucial involving a big decision; of the greatest importance

สาคญมาก

currency the money (notes and coins) of a country

เงนตรา

denote (formal) to be the sign of or to mean แสดงถง detected to notice or discover สบหา deviate to turn aside, especially from

a right, normal or standard course เบยงเบน; ออกนอก

English – Thai Dictionary

เสนทาง displace to disarrange or put out of place ทาใหยายท dramatic vivid or striking นาทง eventually finally; at length ในทสด exhibit to show; to display to the public จดแสดง exploit a (daring) deed or action การกระทาทกลาหาญ fluctuate (of an amount, price, size etc)

to change frequently ผนผวน

guidelines (usually in plural) an indication as to how something should be done

แนวทาง

highlighted the best or most memorable event, experience, part of something etc

เหตการณทสาคญ

implicit implied (not explicitly stated); understood indirectly

ไรขอกงขา

induced (formal) to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or unwise

ชกนา

inevitably as you might expect อยางหลกเลยงไมได infrastructure the basic structures and systems

needed for a country or an organization to function properly, for example buildings, transport systems, and power supplies

โครงสรางพนฐาน

inspect to look at, or examine, carefully or formally

ตรวจสอบ

intensity the quality of being intense ความรนแรง manipulation to handle especially skillfully ใช minimized to make as little as possible ทาใหเลกลงทสด nuclear using atomic energy เกยวกบพลงงานนวเคลยร offset to balance one influence against

an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result

สาขา

paragraph a part of a piece of writing, marked by beginning the first sentence on a new line and usually leaving a short space at the beginning of the line

ยอหนา

plus used to show addition เพมเขาไป practitioners someone involved in a skilled job แพทย

English – Thai Dictionary

or activity predominant stronger, more numerous,

more noticeable etc ทมอานาจเหนอกวา

prospect an outlook for the future; a view of what one may expect to happen

การคาดการณ

radical relating to the basic nature of something

โดยรากฐาน

random done etc without any particular plan or system; irregular

โดยการสม

reinforced to make stronger ทาใหแขงแกรงขน restore to repair (a building, a painting,

a piece of furniture etc) so that it looks as it used to or ought to

ซอมแซม

revise to correct faults and make improvements in (a book etc)

ตรวจแก

schedule a statement of details, especially of timing of activities, or of things to be done

ตารางเวลา

tension the state of being stretched, or the degree to which something is stretched

ความตง

terminate to bring or come to an end or limit ทาใหสนสด theme the subject of a discussion, essay etc หวขอ thereby as a result of this action ดงนน uniform the same always or everywhere; not

changing or varying ทเปนแบบเดยวกน

vehicle any means of transport on land, especially on wheels, eg a car, bus, bicycle etc

ยานพาหนะ

via by way of โดยทาง virtually more or less, though

not strictly speaking; in effect อยางเเทจรง

widespread spread over a large area or among many people

แพรหลาย; แพรไปทว

visual of sight or the process of seeing เกยวกบการมองเหน

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 9

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

accommodation room(s) in a house or hotel in which to live, especially for a short time

ทพก

analogous (formal) similar to another thing or situation

ทคลายกน

anticipated to expect (something) คาดหวง assurance confidence ความเชอมน attained (formal) to gain; to achieve ถง; บรรลเปาหมาย behalf for, or in the interests of ในนามของ bulk the greater part สวนใหญ ceases to stop or (bring to an) end หยด coherent clear and logical ซงสอดคลอง coincide to occupy (often by accident) the

same space or time เกดขนพรอมกน

commenced (formal) to begin ตงตน incompatible (of people) certain to disagree, fight

etc ซงเขากนไมได

concur (formal) to agree; to come together, or coincide

เหนดวย

confined (with to) kept in or shut up in จากด controversy (an) argument between opposing

points of view การโตเถยงอยางรนแรง

converse the opposite; the contrary ความตรงกนขาม device something made for

a purpose, eg a tool or instrument อปกรณ

devoted (sometimes with to) loving and loyal ซอสตย diminished (opposite undiminished) ซงทาใหนอยลง distorted to make or become twisted out

of shape ทาใหผดรป

duration the length of time anything continues ชวงเวลา erosion the process of eroding or being eroded

by wind, water, or other natural agents 8การกดกรอน

ethical of or concerning morals, justice or duty

ทสอดคลองกบศลธรรม

format shape and size, eg that of a book, magazine etc.

รปแบบ

founded to start or establish สถาปนา; กอตง inherent inborn; forming ซงมอยเปนปกตวสย

English – Thai Dictionary

a natural or inseparable part or quality of

insight (the quality of having) an understanding of something

ความเขาใจลกซง

integral necessary to make a whole complete; essential or fundamental

สาคญ

intermediate in the middle; placed between two things, stages etc

ซงอยระหวางกลาง

manual of the hand or hands เกยวกบมอ mature (having the qualities of someone who,

or something that, is) fully grown or developed

เตบโตเตมท

mediation intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it; arbitration

การอยตรงกลาง

medium something by or through which an effect is produced

ตวกลาง

military of soldiers or armed forces generally, or war

ทางทหาร

minimal very small indeed นอยทสด mutual given etc by each of two or more to

the other(s) ซงกนและกน

norms an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with

บรรทดฐาน

overlap to extend over and cover a part of ทาใหทบกน passive showing no interest, emotion etc , or

not resisting an attack etc ซงไมมปฏกรยา

portion a part สวนหนง preliminary coming before, and preparing for,

something ขนตน

protocol a set of rules about the correct way to behave on a formal or official occasion

ระเบยบการ

qualitative the extent to which something has features which are good or bad etc, especially features which are good

คณภาพ

refine to make (a substance eg sugar) pure by taking out dirt, waste substances etc

ทาใหบรสทธ

relaxed calm and not anxious ผอนคลาย restraints a rule, principle, or fact that limits ขอจากด

English – Thai Dictionary

what people can do revolution (the act of making)

a successful, violent attempt to change or remove agovernment etc

การปฏวต

rigid completely stiff; not able to be bent (easily)

แขง

route a way of getting somewhere; a road เสนทาง scenario a description of possible actions or

events in the future สถานการณ

sphere a solid object with a surface on which all points are an equal distance from the centre, like eg most types of ball

รปทรงกลม

subordinate lower in rank, power, importance etc อยใตบงคบบญชา supplementary added to supply what is

lacking; additional ซงชวยเสรม

suspended to keep from falling or sinking ลอย team a group of people forming a side in

a game กลมคนทางานหรอเลน

กฬาในกลมเดยวกน temporary lasting, acting, used etc for a

(short) time only ชวคราว

trigger a small lever on a gun, which is pulled to make the gun fire

ไกปน

unified to combine into a single whole ทาใหเปนหนวยเดยวกน violate (formal) to do something against

a law or an agreement ฝาฝน

vision something seen in the imagination or in a dream

จนตนาการ

English – Thai Dictionary

SUBLIST 10

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST

English – Thai Dictionary

VOCABULARY ENGLISH MEANING THAI MEANING

adjacent (often with to) lying next (to) ตดกน albeit (formal) although ถงแมวา assembly a collection of people (usually for

a particular purpose) กลมคน

collapse to fall down and break into pieces พงทลาย colleagues a person with whom one is associated

in a profession or occupation เพอนรวมงาน

compiled to make (a book, table etc ) from information collected from other books etc

รวบรวม

conceived (formal ) to form (an idea etc) in the mind

คด

convinced to persuade (a person) that something is true

โนมนาว

depression a state of sadness and low spirits ความหดห encountered to meet especially unexpectedly การประสบโดยบงเอญ enormous very large ทใหญมหมา forthcoming happening or appearing soon ซงกาลงจะมาถง inclination a tendency or slight desire to do

something ความโนมเอยง

integrity honesty ความซอสตย intrinsic being

an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing

แทจรง

invoked to appeal to (some power, eg God, the law) for help etc

วงวอน (เทพเจา)

levy to raise or collect (especially an army or a tax)

เกบภาษ

likewise in the same or a similar manner ในทานองเดยวกน nonetheless nevertheless; in spite of this ถงอยางไรกตาม notwithstanding in spite of อยางไรกตาม odd unusual; strange แปลก ongoing continuing ไมหยดย ง panel a group of people chosen for

a particular purpose eg to judge a contest, take part in a quiz or other game

คณะทตงขนเพอ

ปฏบตการใด ๆ

persistent to keep doing, thinking etc in spite of opposition or difficulty;

ยนกราน

English – Thai Dictionary

to continue asking, persuading etc posed a position or attitude of the body ทาทาง reluctant unwilling ไมเตมใจ so-called wrongly described or named in such a

way ทเรยกไมถก

straightforward without difficulties or complications; simple

งาย ๆ

undergo to experience or endure ประสบ whereby by which โดยทาง

English – Thai Dictionary