English 10 Literature Lesson #33Mr. Rinka

Poetry Introduction & Review

Ballad

A song or songlike poem that tells a story.

In Scarlet Town, where I was born,There was a fair maid dwellin'Made every lad cry wellaway,And her name was Barbara Allen.

“Barbara Allen's Cruelty” Anonymous. 17th Cent.

Haiku

A brief unrhymed, three-lined poem developed in Japan in the 1600’s.

An old pond!A frog jumps in-The sound of water.

Matsuo Basho

Lyric Poetry

Songlike poetry that expresses private emotions or thoughts.

I heard a fly buzz when I died;The stillness round my formWas like the stillness in the airBetween the heaves of storm.

“Dying”Emily Dickinson

OdeA complex, generally lengthy lyric poem on a serious subject.

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:

“Ode to a Nightingale”John Keats

Pastoral Poetry

Poetry that depicts rustic life in idealized terms.

Come live with me and be my Love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dale and field, And all the craggy mountains yield. 

“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”Christopher Marlowe

Prose Poetry

Poetry written in prose form but using poetic devices to express a single emotion or idea.

Loveliest of trees, the cherry nowIs hung with bloom along the bough,And stands about the woodland ride Wearing white for Eastertide.“Loveliest of trees, the cherry now”A. E. Housman

Sonnet

A 14 lines poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one or several traditional rhyme schemes.

Sonnethttp://www.cranberrydesigns.com/poetry/sonnet/examples.htm

Alliteration

The repetition of consonant sound in words that are close to one another.

The moan of doves in immemorial elms,And murmuring of innumerable bees.

“The Princess: Come down, O Maid”Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)

Assonance

The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together.

moon – boot – doombat – man - cap

Blank Verse

Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter

What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,What, what is he to do? I saw it goMerrily bouncing, down the street, and thenMerrily over-there it is in the water!

“The Ball Poem”John Berryman

Couplet

Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.

Behold the hippopotamus!We laugh at how he looks to us,And yet in moments dank and grim,I wonder how we look to him.

“The Hippopotamus”Ogden Nash

Free VersePoetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme.

Running through a field of cloverStop to pick a daffodilI play he loves me, loves me not,The daffy lies, it says he does not love

me!Well, what use a daffy When Jimmy gives me roses?By Flora Launa

Meter

A generally regular poetic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Two house / holds, both / a like / in dig / ni ty,In fair / Ver on / a, where / we lay / our scene,From an /cient grudge / break to / new mu / ti ny,Where ci /vil blood / makes ci / vil hands / un clean.

Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare

Refrain

A repeated word, phrase, line or group of lines.

And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;

“The Raven”Edgar Allan Poe

Rhyme

The repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together.

Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.“Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening”Robert Frost

End Rhyme

Rhyme that occurs at the end of a line of poetry.

My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.

“Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening”Robert Frost

Internal Rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a line or lines of poetry.

I wield the flail of the lashing hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then again I dissolve it in rain,And laugh as I pass in thunder.

“THE CLOUD”Percy Bysshe Shelley

Approximate Rhyme

Words that are similar but do not exactly rhyme.

He who the ox to wrath has movednever be by woman loved

“Auguries of Innoncence”William Blake

Stanza

A group of lines in a poem that forms a single unit.

Where true Love burns Desire is Love's pure flame;It is the reflex of our earthly frame, That takes its meaning from the nobler part, And but translates the language of the heart.

“Desire”Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Poetry Meter & Rhyme

POETRY FORMForm - the appearance of the words on the page.

Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. “Fire and Ice” -Robert Frost

POETRY FORM

Line - a group of words together on one line of the poem

O I have been dilatory and dumb,I should have made my way straight to you long ago,I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing but you.

“To You”Walt Whitman

POETRY FORM

Stanza - a group of lines together.

“THE SHEPHERD”   How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot!   From the morn to the evening he stays;   He shall follow his sheep all the day,   And his tongue shall be filled with praise.

   For he hears the lambs' innocent call,   And he hears the ewes' tender reply;   He is watching while they are in peace,   For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. William Blake

KINDS OF STANZAS

Couplet = a two line stanzaTriplet (Tercet)= a three line stanzaQuatrain = a four line stanzaQuintet = a five line stanzaSestet (Sextet)= a six line stanzaSeptet = a seven line

stanzaOctave = an eight line

stanza

RHYTHM

The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme.

RHYTHMI THINK that I shall never seeA poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prestAgainst the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day,And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wearA nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain;Who intimately lives with rain.  Poems are made by fools like me,But only God can make a tree. “Trees’ – Joyce Kilmer

Meter

Meter = stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a poem arranged in repeating patterns.Poets count out the number of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables for each line. Poets repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

Meter

Foot = a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

Meter

Types of Meter

Iambic / - - / / unstressed stressed /

Trochaic / - - / / stressed unstressed /

Anapestic / - - - / / unstressed unstressed stressed /

Dactylic / - - - / / stressed unstressed unstressed /

Meter - Metrical Lines

monometer = one foot per linedimeter = two feet per linetrimeter = three feet per linetetrameter = four feet per linepentameter= five feet per linehexameter = six feet per lineheptameter= seven feet per lineoctometer = eight feet per line

Meter - Iambic Tetrameter

Introduction to Milton- William Blake

And did those feet in ancient timeWalk upon England's mountains green?And was the holy Lamb of GodOn England's pleasant pastures seen?

And did / those feet / in an / cient timeWalk up / on Eng / land's moun / tains green?And was / the ho /ly Lamb / of GodOn Eng / land's plea / sant pas / tures seen?

Meter – Trochaic Tetrameter

Hiawatha’s Childhood - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

By the shores of Gitche Gumee,By the shining Big-Sea-Water,Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.

By the / shores of / Git che / Gu mee,By the / shi ning / Big- Sea- / Wa ter,Stood the / wig wam / of No / ko mis,Daugh ter / of  the / Moon, No / ko mis.

Meter – Anapestic Tetrameter

The Destruction of Sennacherib – Lord Byron

The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the foldAnd his cohorts were gleaming in purple and goldAnd the sheen of their spears was like stars on the seaWhen the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.

The As syri / an came down / like a wolf / on the foldAnd his co / horts were gleam /ing in pur / ple and gold

Meter – Dactylic Tetrameter

The Lost Leader by Robert Browning

Just for a handful of silver he left us,Just for a riband to stick in his coat –Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us,Lost all the others she lets us devote;

Just for a / hand ful of / sil ver he / left us,Just for a / ri band to / stick in his / coat –

FREE VERSE POETRYFree Verse poetry has no repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free Verse poetry does not rhyme. 

I buried my father in my heart.Now he grows in me, my strange son,My little root who won’t drink milk,Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night,Little clock spring newly wetIn the fire, little grape, parent to the futureWine, a son the fruit of his own son,Little father I ransom with my life. Little Father

by Li-Young Lee

BLANK VERSE POETRY

Poetry written in iambic pentameter without end rhyme.

When I see birches bend to left and right

Across the lines of straighter darker trees,

I like to think some boy's been swinging them.

But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay

“Birches” - ROBERT FROST

SAMPLE RHYME SCHEMEI THINK that I shall never see ----------------------- AA poem lovely as a tree. --------------------------- A  A tree whose hungry mouth is prest --------------- B Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; ---------- B A tree that looks at God all day, ------------------- CAnd lifts her leafy arms to pray; -------------------- C A tree that may in summer wear ------------------- DA nest of robins in her hair; ------------------------- D Upon whose bosom snow has lain; ---------------- EWho intimately lives with rain. ---------------------- E  Poems are made by fools like me, ----------------- ABut only God can make a tree. -------------------- A Trees – Joyce Kilmer

SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME"Hope" is the thing with feathers— ------------------- AThat perches in the soul— ---------------------------- BAnd sings the tune without the words— ------------- CAnd never stops—at all— ---------------------------- D

And sweetest—in the Gale—is heard— ------------- EAnd sore must be the storm— ------------------------ FThat could abash the little Bird ----------------------- EThat kept so many warm— --------------------------- F

I've heard it in the chillest land— -------------------- GAnd on the strangest Sea— -------------------------- HYet, never, in Extremity, ------------------------------- HIt asked a crumb—of Me. ----------------------------  H

"Hope" is the thing with feathers – Emily Dickinson

English 10 Literature Lesson #33Mr. Rinka

Poetry Introduction & Review