England and France England and France DevelopDevelop

England (Early Invasions)England (Early Invasions)

► Vikings (Danish)Vikings (Danish)► Alfred the Great Alfred the Great

turns back Vikingsturns back Vikings England United England United

under 1 ruleunder 1 rule ““Land of the Angles”Land of the Angles”

► 1016 – Danish king 1016 – Danish king conquered Englandconquered England Molds Anglo-Saxons Molds Anglo-Saxons

and Vikings togetherand Vikings together

England (Norman Conquest)England (Norman Conquest)

►William the William the Conqueror (Duke of Conqueror (Duke of Normandy)Normandy)

►William invades William invades EnglandEngland

► Battle of Hastings Battle of Hastings Normans winNormans win William declares William declares

England his propertyEngland his property

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings

►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8

Battle of Hastings MapBattle of Hastings Map

England EvolvesEngland Evolves

►English Kings want 2 thingsEnglish Kings want 2 things►Add to French LandAdd to French Land►Strengthen power over nobles and Strengthen power over nobles and

ChurchChurch

England EvolvesEngland Evolves

►Henry II Henry II ►Marries Eleanor of Marries Eleanor of

Aquitaine (From Aquitaine (From France)France)

► Vassal to French Vassal to French king, but also a king king, but also a king himselfhimself

Juries and Common LawJuries and Common Law

►Loyal People – 12 neighbors of the Loyal People – 12 neighbors of the accused who answered royal judge’s accused who answered royal judge’s questionsquestions

►Only King’s court could conductOnly King’s court could conduct►Common Law – Unified body of law Common Law – Unified body of law

from rulings of England’s royal judgesfrom rulings of England’s royal judges

Magna CartaMagna Carta

► John “Softsword”John “Softsword”► Lost Normandy and Lost Normandy and

Northern FranceNorthern France► Cruel to SubjectsCruel to Subjects► Alienated from Alienated from

ChurchChurch►His nobles revolted His nobles revolted

and had him sign and had him sign Magna CartaMagna Carta

Magna CartaMagna Carta

► June 15, 1215 – June 15, 1215 – Nobles forced John Nobles forced John to agreeto agree

► Safeguard noble’s Safeguard noble’s feudal rights and feudal rights and limits kings powerslimits kings powers

Magna CartaMagna Carta

►Later- Applied to every citizenLater- Applied to every citizen►No Taxation without representationNo Taxation without representation►Trial by juryTrial by jury►Protection of the lawProtection of the law

Model ParliamentModel Parliament

►Edward I needs $ for war – raised Edward I needs $ for war – raised ParliamentParliament

►Meets at WestminsterMeets at Westminster►House of Commons (knights and House of Commons (knights and

burghers)burghers)►House of Lords (nobles and bishops)House of Lords (nobles and bishops)

FranceFrance

►1000 – 47 Feudal territories1000 – 47 Feudal territories

Hugh CapetHugh Capet

► Began Capetian Began Capetian DynastyDynasty

►Weak rulers at firstWeak rulers at first► Paris – Good for Paris – Good for

tradetrade► Power spread Power spread

outwardoutward

Philip II – Powerful CapetianPhilip II – Powerful Capetian

►Ruled 1180-1223Ruled 1180-1223►Willing to do whatever for powerWilling to do whatever for power► Increased territory of France Increased territory of France

NormandyNormandy 3X land under his control3X land under his control

►Wanted stronger central gov’tWanted stronger central gov’t Sent bailiffs to collect taxes in every Sent bailiffs to collect taxes in every

districtdistrict

Louis IX (Grandson of Philip Louis IX (Grandson of Philip II)II)

► Ruled 1226-1270Ruled 1226-1270► Ideal king (very Ideal king (very

religious)religious)►Made French Made French

appeals courtappeals court Strengthened Strengthened

monarchymonarchy Weakened Feudal Weakened Feudal

tiesties

Philip IV – Ruled 1285-1314Philip IV – Ruled 1285-1314

► Feud with PopeFeud with Pope► Pope refused to Pope refused to

allow priest to pay allow priest to pay taxestaxes

► Philip called Philip called meeting of lords meeting of lords and bishops and bishops (commoners were (commoners were included)included)

Estates GeneralEstates General

►11stst Estate – Church Estate – Church►22ndnd Estate – Great Lords Estate – Great Lords►33rdrd Estate – Commoners (Wealthy Estate – Commoners (Wealthy

landowners, merchants)landowners, merchants)