Empresas Contratistas Hacia Un Trabajo Seguro II

8/14/2019 Empresas Contratistas Hacia Un Trabajo Seguro II

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Ing. Jaime Oscar Gonzalez 1


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En nuestro pas no existe la culturade implementar programas de

seguridad, medio ambiente y saludocupacional y hasta la fecha soloalgunas empresas de manufactura,petroleras y multinacionales, tienenprogramas que protegen tanto a susempleados como a su propiedad.

IMPORTANCIA DE UN PROGRAMA DE

SEGURIDAD PARA CONTRATISTAS


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Cada empresa tiene sus propias

caracteristicas. Existen reglas, politicas, procedimientos,

instrucciones, misin, visin y toda unacultura, que la mayora de los empleados

del contratista probablemente no conozcan,y ni decir de los sub-contratistas de estos. Esta modalidad de los contratistas, si no

tiene el debido control puede salir muycostosa.

IMPORTANCIA DE UN PROGRAMA DE

SEGURIDAD PARA CONTRATISTAS


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Todos tenemos diferentes criterios y conceptos sobre laseguridad, sin embargo normalmentetodos consideramos

que algo es seguro si creemos que los riesgos asociados sonaceptablesyestn previamente determinados.

Uno de los mayores problemas est en que en cualquiersituacin cada individuo evala los riesgos de diferentemanera. La base que usa cada persona para medir laaceptabilidad del riesgo, y en consecuencia la seguridad o

inseguridad de cada situacin a la que se enfrenta, puedeestar asentada en unos conocimientos tcnicos y cientficosen unos casos o en experiencias personales en otros.

IMPORTANCIA DE UN

PROGRAMA DE SEGURIDAD

PARA CONTRATISTAS


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SISTEMA DE PERMISOS DE

TRABAJO Las operaciones de alto riesgo deben ser

controladas a travs de la aplicacin deesfuerzos especiales tales como permisos y

procedimientos especiales.

El Sistema de Permisos de Trabajo estdiseado para controlar los riesgos y peligros atravs del uso del sistema de permisos

especializado de trabajo. Estos riesgos podranocurrir durante operaciones extremadamentepeligrosas, tales como: Trabajo en altura,espacios confinados y otros.


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SISTEMA DE PERMISOS DE

TRABAJOx Toda persona que est realizando un

trabajo de alto riesgo en lasinstalaciones debe estar debidamente

entrenado y conocer cuales son losriesgos de sus tareas para as tomarlas precauciones necesarias. Noobstante, para asegurar que losempleados y contratistas estnhaciendo los trabajos especiales en

condiciones seguras, debe apareceruna lista de chequeo detrs de cadapermiso de trabajo que la personaautorizada deber verificar antes deaprobar la realizacin del trabajo.


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PORQUE TENER REGLAS Y PERMISOS

DE TRABAJO? Existe alguna actividadque sea completamentesegura?... Realmente NO,no creo exista NADA queofrezca completa seguridad.Actividades y situacionesque parecen muy segurasencierran ciertos riesgos

que bajo circunstanciassimples como veremos acontinuacin, o bajocircunstancias extremas,como un terremoto o unincendio, pudierantransformarse en peligrosas.Por lo tanto, cualquier

producto, actividad oprocedimiento, por muyseguro que parezca, puedefallar.


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Diagrama % de Accidente Segn laRama de Actividad

27.62

0.1017.45

8.24

40.46

6.13

Manufacturera Agroindustria Construccion

Comercio Transporte No Especifica

Estadsticasdel Instituto Dominicano de Seguros Sociales (IDSS)

PORQUE TENER REGLAS Y PERMISOS

DE TRABAJO?


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PROCEDIMIENTOAUTOEVALUACION PARA ACTUAR

CON SEGURIDADPara iniciar cualquier trabajo, tarea oactividad.EVALUE el Riesgo o peligro!

ESTUDIE como reducir el riesgo o peligro!CONTROLE el riesgo o peligro!COMUNIQUE los requerimientos

las personas deben saber de qu son

responsables de hacerPROCEDA debidamente y asegure una

actividad segura!


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Propsito del Permiso de

TrabajoEl objetivo del sistema es

asegurar:

La identificacin de

todos los riesgospotenciales y de alto

riesgo antes de iniciar

actividades no

rutinarias,

El establecimientooportuno de los

controles apropiados, y

El mantenimiento de los

controles en la ejecucin

del trabajo.


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Propsito del Permiso deTrabajo

Proteger a las personas Empleados Personal Contratistas

vecinos Proteger instalaciones

Asegurar la continuidad del negocio.

Proteger el ambiente

Requerimientos legales y de otras regulaciones Asegurar la autorizacin correcta de trabajo no

rutinario Ayuda a identificar las precauciones

necesarias.


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Propsito del Permiso deTrabajo

Indicar a los operarios en el trabajo acerca de: Riesgos asociados Precauciones requeridas

Indicar a los operadores y empleados del sitio acercade: La no rutina y los posibles peligros asociados en el

trabajo.

Nombrar gente responsable para asegurar que: Los contratistas siguen las condiciones de

seguridad establecidas Se cumplen las especificaciones de seguridad de

la empresa y de las leyes locales.


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Que son los Permisos deTrabajo?

Los permisos de trabajo son documentos que definen el

trabajo a ser realizado, los riesgos envueltos y las

precauciones a ser tomadas. En estos permisos se estableceque los riesgos han sido tomados en consideracin y que se

tomaron las precauciones apropiadas.

El Permiso de Trabajo no hace que el trabajo

sea seguro.


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TrabajoTrabajo en Alturaen Altura Trabajo con ElectricidadTrabajo con Electricidad Trabajo en fro yTrabajo en fro y

calientecaliente

EN TRABAJOS RIESGOSOS

Donde se usa un Permiso

de Trabajo?


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ExcavacionesExcavaciones oo DemolicionesDemoliciones Control de TrficoControl de Trfico Espacios ConfinadosEspacios Confinados

TRABAJOS RIESGOSOS

Donde se usa un Permiso

de Trabajo?


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Permiso de Trabajo -

Documentos


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Procedimiento - Tres

fases Preparacin del trabajo Definir el trabajo (detalles, ubicacin exacta,

herramientas) Declaracin del Mtodo Definicin de medidas preventivas Definicin de procedimientos de recuperacin

Ejecucin del trabajo Firma diaria de verificacin al inicio y final

Asegurar que las medidas preventivas an seencuentran activas Hoja de continuacin

Terminacin del trabajo Devolucin y aceptacin del trabajo dado por

completado


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Permiso de Trabajo y Hojade Continuacin

Shell Oil Products Latin America PERMIT TO WORK No. PTW ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Retail

Permit Applicant: Name: ......... Contractor Company: ......Funct ion: ..... .. ..... . .. . .. . Tools to be used: ......

Job to be Done: ............ ........

..................... .........................

Service Station: ................. Exact Location: .......................Date: ...... Estimated Duration: . hours .. days Number of people on the job: ......

The "administrator of the site" has been informed of the scope of work to be carried out under this permit.

Site administrator signature .....................................................................................................................................

Certificates Required for this Permit Yes / No Safety Precautions to be Taken

1. Clearance Certificate (see below) Personal: Yes / No Workplace: Yes / No

2. Hot Work Certificate safety helmet temporary demarcation

3 . Co nf in ed S pa ce Ce rt if ic at e s af et y s pe ct ac le s c on es

4. Excavation Certificate safety goggles barricades

5. Electrical Certificate full face visor warning signs

6. Work at height Certificate dust mask road closure

7. Traffic control Certificate light fume mask lighting

Clearance Certificate b re at hin g a pp ar at us f ire ex ti ng ui sh er AB C t yp e

Equipment is isolated: Yes / No Notes - self contained powder cannon

by spades or blinds . - compressed air line tags and locks (elec.panels)

by physical separation . - air line with blower by closed valves . hearing protection

from motive power . leather gloves Possible Hazards:

Equipment has been: Yes / No neoprene gloves .

depressurized . safety shoes .

drained . rubber boots .

flushed with water . safety harness .

blown with air/nitrogen . fluorescent vest .

steamed . antistatic bracelet .

All other required certificates have been issued Other Precautions:

I have personally checked the equipment, and confirm ............

th at it is is olat ed a s def ined abov e. . . .. ... ... ..

Signed ASI Date ............

........ Use the back of the permit to add other necessary precautions

I certify that I have fully considered the implications of the work in line

with the responsibilities given overleaf and confirm that I am authorized to

issue this Permit To Work and that the above precautions are adequate for

the work to be carried out provided they are established and maintained.

requirements and responsibilities. Signed ASI Date

Signed Permit Applicant Date.......

.... From

Date Time Date Time Sign Date

Permit Validity: The work may be undertaken between the

times specified here, extensions beyond this time must

be re-authorized.

Daily sign on Daily sign off

Date T ime Clearance to Start (Permit Appli cant) Cer ti fy (Permit Appli cant) T ime Site in safe condi tion (Permi t Appli cant)

Hand back

I certify that the work has been completed* and the site left in a safe condition. (*If not completed, describe reason)

Signed Permit Applicant Date Accepted by ASI Date

........................... ...........................

To

I certify that I am aware of my responsibilities and have

read, understood, and will establish and maintain the

precautions detailed above. I shall ensure that all persons

under my control are also aware of the safety

Yes

Shell Oil Products Latin America CONTINUATION SHEET

Retail

PTW number Continuation Sheet for daily sign on and sign off

Daily sign on Daily sign off

Date Time Clearance to Start (Permit Applicant/ASI) Certify (Permit Applicant) Time Site in safe condition (Permit Applicant)

The shadow spaces are for the validation signature of the ASI


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Declaracin del Mtodo

Tarea Ubicacin

Herramientas /Equipo EPP Mtodo de trabajo

y secuencia deactividades Peligros posibles

Precauciones parareducir peligros

Aislamientos Disposicin de

excedentes omaterialescontaminados

Autoridadesexternas

Firmas


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Todos los permisos, certificados, letrerosy dems deben estar a la vista de todos.


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Certificado de Electricidad

Trabajoelctrico

Aislamiento Mantenimiento

no elctrico

Prevencin dearranqueinadvertido

Shell Oil Products Latin America ELECTRICAL CERTIFICATE

Retail

Certifies that equipment to be worked on has been isolated and that measures have been taken to

prevent reconnection. For scope refer to the PtW Guideline.

Valid only when attached to PTW number

Equipment to be Worked on ...

.....

Exact Location

Inadvertent Starting Prevention Electrical Isolation

(non-electrical maintenance) (electrical work)

I have personally checked that starting the electric I have checked that the primary side of the electric power

driver is prevented by (in descending order of supply to the equipment has been isolated and checked

preference) dead by (in descending order of preference)

padlocking the starter / isolator switch in the OFF Position racking out the circuit breaker / contactor (withdrawal

type) and padlocking the busbar shutter

removing the fuse

padlocking the circuit breaker / isolator switch in the OFF position

switching OFF the (Miniature) Circuit Breaker(s)

removing the fuse in the primary circuit

switching OFF the socket point AND REMOVING THE PLUG

switching OFF the (Miniature) Circuit Breaker(s)

The warning sign The warning sign

"CAUTION: WORK IN PROGRESS. DO NOT OPERATE!" "CAUTION: WORK IN PROGRESS. DO NOT OPERATE!"

is also displayed at the above ticked location is also displayed at the above ticked location

Signature:.. Signature:..

Date:..... Date:.....


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Descalzo Dentro del agua Escalera metalica Sin guantes Mojado Posicion inadecuada Sin casco

Descubre losriesgos y

peligros

C ifi d d b j


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Certificado de trabajo enaltura Shell Oil Products Latin America WORK AT HEIGHT CERTIFICATERetailCertifies that all activities at height (defined as above 1.50 m.) are carried out taking into considerations

all precautions to avoid fallings


All items to be checked All items to be checked

Scaffolding Ladders

Firm foundation Firm foundation

Surface leveled Surface leveled

Bracing and connections in good conditions Adequate inclination (65-75 degrees)

Adequate platforms Properly fastened at the top.

Handrail Side rails extend at least 0.90m above the upper

Lifeline landing surface

A person is 'Footing' the ladder to ensure it does not slip.

Control and Handover process Adequate distance between steps (0.25-0.30m)

Log book available at working area Adequate distance between bars (0.28m internal as min)

Status tags available Bar and steps in good conditions

Restricted accessOthers Keep areas clear around top and bottom

Life jackets (if working above water) needs JHA

Name of responsible supervisor: Company:....

Exact location...................

........

Other Precautions to be taken

I have checked the working area and certify that the activities proposed under Permit to Work Number ..............

dated can be carried out in a safely manner.

Signature:..

Situation Sketch / Indication of Hazards

Notes

Not for suspended scaffolding, for this type a JHA will be required

Wood and aluminum scaffolds are forbidden. (fire vulnerability). Working at Zone 1 requires PTW

If the total length of the climb on a fixed ladder equals or exceeds 7.30m, the ladder must be equipped with ladder safety devices

or self retracting lifelines and rest platforms at intervals not to exceed 45.70m.

Sobre 1.50 m. Todos los tems deben

ser chequeados Andamios

Construccin Proceso de entrega

Escaleras Instalacin Condicin Acceso

Cinturn de Seguridad

Precauciones aconsiderar


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Andamios y Escaleras


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RIESGOS SIMILARES?


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SEGURIDAD!

C tifi d d T b j F


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Certificado de Trabajo en Froy Caliene

Gas tester Chequeo de

seguridad Espacios confinados Extinguidores Peligros

predominantes

Shell Oil Products Latin America HOT WORK

Retail CERTIFICATE

To be used for work involving actual or potential sources of ignition, including welding, flame cutting,

spark-producing tools, non-intrinsically safe tools.


Name of Gas Tester:........ Company:.............

Exact location of Test:................

......

Date of Test: Time of Test:

Safety Checklist Yes / No

Workplace checked for absence of combustible material

Sewers and drains near workplace are free of hydrocarbons

Sewers and drains near workplace are covered against sparks

Fire extinguishers placed for easy use

Other checks for prevailing hazards .

.

Required gas test frequency: every .. hours* / once only*

*delete as appropriate

GAS TEST - Initial Result Yes / No Date Time

Gas test taken and found satisfactory (not more than 1% LEL)

Gas test meter used: Make: .

Model: Signature:..

Date last tested / calibrated: Gas Tester

GAS TEST - Subsequent Checks

Date

Time

Gas Meter Reading

Checked by (initials)

Date

Time

Gas Meter Reading

Checked by (initials)


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Trabajo en fro y caliente

Trabajo en froTrabajo en fro Uso de herramientas

para construccin,

desmantelamiento ylimpieza que noproducen chispa.

Perforacin, golpear ycortar donde las

herramientas y el trabajose mantienen debajo delos 100 gradoscentgrados.

Trabajo enTrabajo encalientecaliente

Soldadura, uso de llamao arco elctrico.

Equipo que puedeproducir calor, llama ochispa

Picar, perforar,remachar, chorro dearena, etc...


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Peligros de trabajo encaliente

Luz brillante Calor (chispas, metal caliente, etc...)

Humos txicos Peligros elctricos Cilindros de gas El soldador est limitado a saberlo que

est sucediendo alrededor de l.


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Y ENTONCES?ALGUIEN ME LO EXPLICA?


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Certificado para trabajo

espacios confinados

Regulaciones Aparato de respiracin Aptitud para el trabajo

Gas test Txicidad Oxgeno Flamabilidad

Lista de verificacin

Shell Oil Products Latin America CONFINED SPACERetail CERTIFICATE

Certifies that the atmosphere is safe for breathing and that breathing apparatus is not necessary. Ifapparatus is necessary, a specific JHA must be done and this one must be signed by a HSSE advisor whois certificated as ASI too.Emergency telephones numbers must be available at all times.Fill the checklist provided in the PtW System Guideline before commencing (part if this spreadsheet)


All persons involved agree on the communication (inside with outside) that will be maintained through the work:

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

Do the persons invo lved in the work have a medica l certi fica te . Yes No

Does the certificate fulfill the local legal requirements. Yes No NA

To be valid, the medical certificate can not be older than 12 months

Name of Gas Tester: Company:....Exact location of Test:......................................................................

Date of Test: Time of Test:

INITIAL GAS TEST - Toxic Gases

The space was personally tested by me for the gases below with the following results:Gas n ame Tes t metho d/ e qu ip me nt C on ce nt ra ti on fou nd * OEL .. . .. ..

.. . .. ..

.. . .. ..

.. . .. ..

*Concentration to be < 50% of OEL Signature:..Gas Tester

INITIAL GAS TEST - Oxygen Concentration

The space was personally tested by me and found to contain not less than 20% (volume) and not more than21% volume of oxygen.

Gas test meter used: Make: .Model: Signature:..

Date last tested / calibrated: Gas Tester

INITIAL GAS TEST - Flammability Yes / No Date Time

Gas test taken and found satisfactory

(not more than 1% LEL)Gas test meter used: Make: .

Model: Signature:..Date last tested / calibrated: Gas Tester

GAS TESTS - Subsequent Checks Required gas test frequency: every .. hours* / once only**delete as appropriate

Oxygen Flammabil ity

20


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n ra a a espac osconfinadosQu es un espacio confinado?

EjemplosEjemplos Tanques de producto Depsitos de agua

Rejillas Drenajes Tanques de tren Camin tanque

Fosas de lubricacin ysus drenajes Separadores de grasa

CaractersticasCaractersticas Espacio parcial o

totalmente cerrado.

Sobre o bajo nivel detierra o cubierta Riesgo de deficiencia de

oxgeno Riesgo de polvos o

gases inflamables opeligrosos a la salud Ingreso total o parcial

del cuerpo (ej. cabeza)


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Espacios confinados

Peligros (requerimientospre-entrada) Permiso de Trabajo

Aislamiento Remover fuentes de

ignicin Cierre y etiquetado

elctrico/ hidrulico Verificacin de

atmsfera antes de entrar,

regularmentedurante el trabajo ydespus de cada

interrupcin

Desgasificacin ylimpieza de tanques Peligros Deficiencia/enriquecimie

nto de oxgeno Flamabilidad, fuego y

explosin Peligros qumicos Peligros fsicos

Otros peligros


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LA UNION HACE LAFUERZA?


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trfico

Riesgo de altavelocidad ocirculacin de trfico

vehicular Regulaciones Instrucciones Precauciones

adicionales Exmenes Mdicos

Shell Oil Products Latin America

Retail

Certifies that planned activities are managed in order to avoid accidents in any public roads, streets and

similar areas where the risk of high speed traffi c exists or where the n umber of vehicles circulat ing is high


Authorization from Department of Transportation is needed Yes No

The support of Municipal or other local authorities to control traffic was required Yes No

Instruction s to the Permit Applicant

- If the activities include the use of cranes, a Job Hazard Analysis must be done

- Warning signs and devices shall be in place and protectively functional prior to the comm encement of any of the permitted works within

the limits of the highway right-of-way, and shall protect the public until all permit associated works are complete

- For jacked installations across and beneath any freeway, no vehicle, equipment nor material shall be any nearer to any freeway travel lane

than the jacking pits; and no jacking pit shall be any nearer to the outer edge of the nearest freeway lane than 9 meters

- Warning signs are located as far as necessary to avoid vehicles obstruction

- Signs are sufficient and in good conditions and are clearly visible or, must comply with the Traffic Control standards as per local regulation

- "Flaggers" are using reflective vests and flags are in good condition

- Avoid the entrance of any third party to the working area

- No vehicle, equipment or material relating to the permitted work shall be parked or stored within the limits of the highway right of way

except such as are actively engaged in the work operation.

- Notify the neighborhood about the activities to be carried and the duration

- Workplace must be in the same conditions before the activities were done. Do not let unfinished works

Name of person in charge : Company:....

Exact location..... ... .. .................

I have checked the site and sur roundings and certify that the proposed activ ities under Permit to Work number ..

dated can be carried out:

a)* with the help of Municipal authorities to control tra ffic

b)* By doing a a JHA to implement additional precautions. Details are explaine d in Method of statement

* delete as ap propriate Signature: ..

Situation S ketch / Indication of Hazards or Ensure sketch of site and situation i s attached

TRAFFIC CONTROL CERTIFICATE


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Certificado para excavacin

Certificado de readespejada

Riesgo de dao ainfraestructura Instrucciones para

la excavacin

Precaucionesadicionales Esquema

Shell Oil Products Latin America EXCAVATION CERTIFICATE

Retail

Certifies that planned excavation will not damage existing buried facilities such as pipelines, drains

and electric cables.

A Clearance Certificat e or equivalent is required for any excavation work. For any excavation work w here there is risk of

damage to buried pipework, equipment, structur es foundations, electr ic cables or harm to personnel, the Clearance

Certificate should be supported by an Excavation Certificate.


Digging instructions to the Permit Applicant

- piping and electrical / instrumentation cabling must be localized by hand digging (with spades)

- identified cabling and piping must be marked with wooden pegs

- piping and cabling may have moved from its original location, as indicated on as-built drawings, due to soil settlement

- within 1 meter radius around piping and cabling, only hand digging with spades may be used

- excavations deeper than 1.2 meters require slopes of 70 degrees (max) or side supporting structures to prevent collapse

- use of digging machinery is allowed: yes / no (a Gas Test Certificate - Hot Work might be required)- exposed piping and cabling to be supported

- the handling of contaminated soil requires the use of PPE as defined on the Permit To Work

- debris to be at least .. meters from the edge of the excavation

Name of Responsible Supervisor: Company:....

Exact location............................

I have checked the site / studied the layout drawings and certify that the excavation proposed under Permit toWork number .. dated can be carried out:

a)* without risk of damage to any underground services

b)* provided that the following additional precautions are taken to prevent damage to the equipment/services

specified below:

* delete as appropriate Signature:..

Situation Sketch / Indication of Hazards


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Peligros en la excavacin

Acumulacin de materiales peligrosos / Vapores

Inundaciones

Personas u objetos cayendo dentro de la

excavacin (trfico cercano )

Maquinaria para excavacin puede necesitar un

Permiso para Trabajo en Caliente

P t ? P t ?


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Patron? Patron?

Tengo un pequeo

problema


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Finalizacin del trabajoProceso de entrega

El Supervisor o Encargado del Area debeinspeccionar el sitio

El trabajo se ha completado? Area Libre de escombros y

herramientas? Elctricamente reconectado? Tanques vacos (sin desperdicios)?

Equipos fijados y aterrizados? Debe firmarse para aceptar que el

equipo/rea es segura y lista para su usooperacional.


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Documents

Empresas Contratistas Hacia Un Trabajo Seguro II