Emilio Aguinaldo

1st President of the Philippines

President of the First Republic

President of the Supreme Government

President of Republic of Biak-na-Bato

Dictator of Dictatorial government

President of the Revolutionary Government

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22,

1869 – February 6, 1964) was

a Filipino general,politician, and

independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and

the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence[3] that

resisted American occupation.

Aguinaldo became the Philippines' first President. He was also the youngest (at age 29) to have become

the country's president, the longest-lived president (having survived to age 94) and the president to have

outlived the most number of successors.

Personal details

Born March 23, 1869

Cavite El Viejo, Philippines (now Kawit)

Died February 6, 1964 (aged 94)

Plaridel, Bulacan, Philippines

Resting place Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite, Philippines

Political party Katipunan

Spouse(s) Hilaria del Rosario

(1896–1921)

María Agoncillo

(1882–1963)

Profession Soldier, Manager, Teacher

Revolutionary

Religion Roman Catholicism

Manuel L. Quezon

2nd President of the Philippines1st President of the Commonwealth

Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina (August 19,

1878 – August 1, 1944) served as president

of theCommonwealth of the

Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the

first Filipino to head a government of the

Philippines.(Note: Govt. relating only to the

Philippines, and not any other states that have existed centuries ago) Quezón is considered by most

Filipinos to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901).

Quezón was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a

national election, and the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended,

due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".

During his presidency, Quezón tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. Other major

decisions include reorganization of the islands military defense, approval of recommendation for

Personal details

Born August 19, 1878

Baler, Philippines

Died August 1, 1944 (aged 65)

Saranac Lake, United States

Resting place Quezon Memorial Circle,Quezon City, Philippines

Political party Nacionalista Party

Other political

affiliations

Democratic Party

Spouse(s) Aurora Aragón

Alma mater Colegio de San Juan de Letran

University of Santo Tomas

Religion Roman Catholicism

government reorganization, promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, tackling foreign

strangle-hold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform and the tackling of graft and

corruption within the government. Quezón established an exiled government in the US with the outbreak

of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion. During his exile in the US, Manuel Quezón died of

tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.

José P. Laurel

3rd President of the PhilippinesPresident of the Second Republic

José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was the president of theRepublic of the Philippines, a Japanese-sponsored administration during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. Since the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been recognized as a legitimate president of the Philippines.

Sergio Osmeña

Personal details

Born March 9, 1891

Tanauan City, Philippines

Died November 6, 1959 (aged 68)

Manila, Philippines

Resting place Tanauan City, Batangas,Philippines

Political party Nacionalista Party (Before 1942; 1945–1959)

Other political

affiliations

KALIBAPI (1942–1945)

Spouse(s) Pacencia Hidalgo

Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law

University of Santo Tomas

Yale Law School

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism

Personal details

Born 9 September 1878

Cebu City, Spanish East Indies(now Republic of the

Philippines)

Died 19 October 1961 (aged 83)

Quezon City, Philippines

Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines

Political party Nacionalista Party

Spouse(s) Estefania Veloso (1901–1918)

Esperanza Limjap (1920–1961)

Alma mater University of San Carlos

San Juan de Letran College

University of Santo Tomas

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism

4th President of the Philippines

2nd President of the Commonwealth

Sergio Osmeña y Suico (9 September 1878 – 19 October 1961) was a Filipino politician who served as

the 4th President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President underManuel L. Quezon,

and rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944, being the oldest Philippine president to hold

office at age 65. A founder of Nacionalista Party, he was the first Visayan to become President of the

Philippines.

Prior to his succession to the Presidency in 1944, Osmeña served as Governor of Cebu from 1901–1907,

Member and Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1907–1922, and Senator from

the 10th Senatorial District for thirteen years, in which capacity he served asSenate President pro

tempore. In 1935, he was nominated to be the running-mate of Senate President Manuel Quezon for

the presidential election that year. The tandem was overwhelmingly re-elected in 1941.

Osmeña is the patriarch of the prominent Osmeña family, which includes his son (former Senator Sergio

Osmeña, Jr.) and his grandsons (senators Sergio Osmeña III and John Henry Osmeña), ex-governor Lito

Osmeña and Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña.

Manuel Roxas

5th President of the Philippines

3rd President of the Commonwealth

1st President of the Third Republic

Manuel Acuña Roxas (January 1, 1892

– April 15, 1948) was the first president

of the independent Third Republic of the

Philippines and fifth president overall. He

served as president from the granting of

independence in 1946 until his abrupt

death in 1948. His term as president of

the Philippines was also the shortest,

lasting 1 year 10 months and 18 days.

Elpidio Quirino

Personal details

Born January 1, 1892

Capiz, Philippines (now Roxas City)

Died April 15, 1948 (aged 56)

Clark Air Base, Philippines

Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa

Cruz, Manila, Philippines

Political party Liberal Party (1945–1948)

Other political

affiliations

Nacionalista Party (Before 1945)

Spouse(s) Trinidad de Leon

Alma mater University of Manila

University of the Philippines College

of Law

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism

6th President of the Philippines

2nd President of the Third Republic

Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16,

1890 – February 29, 1956) was

a Filipino politician, and the

sixth President of the Philippines.

A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered

politics when he became a representative

of Ilocos Surfrom 1919 to 1925. He was

then elected as senator from 1925-1931. In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine independence

commission that was sent to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings-McDuffie

Act to American Congress. In 1935, he was also elected to become member of the convention that will

write the draft of then 1935 constitution for the newly-established Commonwealth. At the new

government, he served as secretary of the interior and finance under Quezon's cabinet.

After the war, Quirino was elected vice-president in 1946 election, consequently the second and last for

the Commonwealth and first for the third republic. After the death of the incumbent president Manuel

Roxas in 1948, he succeeded the presidency. In what was claimed to be a dishonest and

fraudulent[1] 1949 presidential election, he won the president's office under Liberal Party ticket,

defeating Nacionalista vie and former president José P. Laurel as well as fellowLiberalista and

former Senate President José Avelino.

The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and

barrios.[1] Quirino ran for president again in the 1953 presidential election, but was defeated

by Nacionalista Ramon Magsaysay.

Personal details

Born November 16, 1890

Vigan, Philippines

Died February 29, 1956 (aged 65)

Quezon City, Philippines

Resting place Manila South Cemetery, Makati City, Philippines

Political party Liberal Party

Spouse(s) Alicia Syquia

Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism

After his term, he retired to his new country home in Novaliches, Quezon City, where he died of a heart

attack on February 29, 1956.

Ramon Magsaysay

7th President of the Philippines

3rd President of the Third Republic

Ramón del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957) was the third President of the Republic of the Philippines (and seventh president overall) from December 30, 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1957. He was elected President under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.

Carlos P. Garcia

Personal details

Born August 31, 1907

Iba, Philippines

Died March 17, 1957 (aged 49)

Balamban, Philippines

Resting place Manila North Cemetery, Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines

Political party Nacionalista Party (1953-1957)

Liberal Party (1946-1953)

Spouse(s) Luz Banzon

Alma mater José Rizal University

Profession Engineer

Religion Roman Catholicism

8th President of the Philippines4th President of the Third Republic

Carlos Polestico García (November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist and guerrilla leader. He became the eighth President of the Philippines known for his "Filipino First" policy, which put the interests of the Filipino people above those of foreigners and of the ruling party.

Diosdado Macapagal

Personal details

Born November 4, 1896

Talibon, Philippines

Died June 14, 1971 (aged 74)

Tagbilaran, Philippines

Resting place Libingan ng mga Bayani,Taguig City, Philippines

Political party Nacionalista Party

Spouse(s) Leonila Dimataga

Alma mater Silliman University

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism

Personal details

Born September 28, 1910

Lubao, Pampanga

Died April 21, 1997 (aged 86)

Makati, Metro Manila

Resting place Libingan ng mga Bayani,Taguig City, Philippines

14°31′11″N 121°2′39″E

Nationality Filipino

Political party Liberal Party

Spouse(s) Purita de la Rosa

(1938–1943)

Eva Macaraeg

(1946–1997)

Children Arturo

Cielo

Gloria

Diosdado

Alma mater University of the Philippines

University of Santo Tomas

Profession Lawyer

Professor

Religion Roman Catholicism

9th President of the Philippines5th President of the Third Republic

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the

Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also

served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed theConstitutional Convention of 1970.

He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from

2001 to 2010.

A native of Lubao, Pampanga, Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines andUniversity

of Santo Tomas, after which he worked as a lawyer for the government.

He first won election in 1949 to the House of Representatives, representing a district in his home province

ofPampanga. In 1957 he became vice president in the administration of President Carlos P. Garcia, and

in 1961 he defeated Garcia's re-election bid for the presidency.

As president, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine

economy. He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency

exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. Many of his reforms, however,

were crippled by a Congress dominated by the rival Nacionalista Party. He is also known for shifting the

country's observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the day Filipino

patriots declared independence from Spain in 1898. His re-election bid was defeated in 1965

by Ferdinand Marcos, whose subsequent authoritarian rule lasted 20 years.

During the Marcos administration, Macapagal was elected president of the Constitutional

Convention which would later draft what became the 1973 constitution, though the manner in which the

charter was ratified and modified led him to later question its legitimacy. He died ofheart

failure, pneumonia and renal complications at the age of 87.

Ferdinand Marcos

Personal details

Born September 11, 1917

Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Died September 28, 1989 (aged 72)

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Resting place Marcos Museum and Mausoleum, Batac, Ilocos

Norte,Philippines

Political

party

Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978–1989)

Other

political

affiliations

Liberal Party (1946–1965)

Nacionalista Party (1965–1978)

Spouse(s) Imelda Romuáldez (1954–1989)

Alma mater University of the Philippines College of Law

Profession Lawyer

Religion Roman Catholicism, formerlyIglesia Filipina

Independiente or Philippine Independent Church

10th President of the Philippines6th President of the Third Republic1st President of the Fourth Republic

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989), was

a Filipino dictator who held the title of President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer,

member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949–1959) and a member of the Philippine

Senate (1959–1965). He was Senate President from 1963-1965.

His regime implemented wide-ranging programs of infrastructure development and economic reform, but

was marred by allegations of authoritarianism corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression, and

human rights violations.

In 1983, Marcos and his circle of intimates were implicated in the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr., an

outspoken critic of his regime. Public outrage over the assassination served as a catalyst for the People

Power Revolution in February 1986 that led to his removal from power and eventual exile in Hawaii. It is

believed that that he and his wife Imelda Marcos moved billions of dollars of embezzled public funds to

the United States, Switzerland, and other countries.

Corazon Aquino

11th President of the Philippines2nd President of the Fourth Republic1st President of the Fifth Republic

Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-

Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1,

2009) was the11th President of the

Philippines and the first woman to hold

that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution,

which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She is considered an icon of

democracy, and was titled by TIME Magazine in 1986 as its 'Woman of the Year'.

A self-proclaimed "plain housewife", Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., the staunchest

critic of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Senator Aquino was assassinated on August 21, 1983 upon

returning to the Philippines after three years in exile in the United States. After her husband's

assassination, Aquino emerged as the leader of the opposition against the Marcos administration. In late

1985, when President Marcos called for a snap election, Aquino ran for president with former

Personal details

Born January 25, 1933

Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines

Died August 1, 2009 (aged 76)

Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines

Resting place Manila Memorial Park,Parañaque, Metro Manila,

Philippines

Political party Liberal Party

UNIDO

PDP-Laban

Spouse(s) Benigno S. Aquino, Jr.

(1954-1983)

Alma mater College of Mount Saint Vincent

Profession Housewife

Religion Roman Catholicism

senator Salvador Laurel as her vice-presidential running mate. After the elections were held on February

7, 1986, and the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos the winner in the elections, Aquino called for

massive civil disobedience protests, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in

the elections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. These series of events

eventually led to the ousting of Marcos and the installation of Aquino as President of the Philippines on

February 25, 1986 through the People Power Revolution.

As President, Aquino oversaw the promulgation of a new constitution, which limited the powers of the

presidency and established a bicameral legislature. Her administration gave strong emphasis and

concern for civil liberties and human rights, and peace talks with communist insurgents and Muslim

secessionists. Aquino's economic policies centered on bringing back economic health and confidence

and focused on creating a market-oriented and socially-responsible economy. Aquino's administration

also faced a series of coup attempts and destructive natural calamities and disasters until the end of her

term in 1992.

Succeeded by Fidel V. Ramos as President in 1992, Aquino returned to private life although she

remained active in the public eye, often voicing her views and opinions on the pressing political issues. In

2008, Aquino was diagnosed with colon cancer and, after a one-year battle with the disease, died on

August 1, 2009. Her son Benigno, III became president on June 30, 2010.

Fidel V. Ramos

12th President of the Philippines

2nd President of the Fifth Republic

Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos (born

March 18, 1928), popularly known

as FVR, was the 12thPresident of the

Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his

six years in office, Ramos was widely

credited and admired by many for

revitalizing and renewing international

confidence in the Philippine economy.

Prior to his election as president, Ramos

served in the Cabinet of President Corazon Aquino first as chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines (AFP) and, later on, as Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991.

During the historic 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, Ramos upon the invitation of then Defense

Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, was hailed as a hero even though he was not part of the plan by many

Filipinos for his decision to break away from the administration of the late strongman Ferdinand

Marcos and pledge allegiance and loyalty to the newly-established revolutionary government of Aquino,

following the downfall of Marcos from power in February 1986. Previously, he was the AFP vice chief-of-

staff, chief of PC/INP under President Marcos.

Under Ramos, the Philippines experienced a period of political stability and rapid economic growth and

expansion, as a result of his policies and programs designed to foster national reconciliation and unity.

Personal details

Born March 18, 1928 (age 83)

Lingayen, Pangasinan,Philippines

Political party Lakas-Kampi-CMD (2009–present)

Other political

affiliations

Lakas-CMD (1991-2009)

LDP (1991)

Spouse(s) Amelita Martinez

Alma mater United States Military Academy

Ateneo de Manila University

Mapúa Institute of Technology

University of the Philippines High School

Silliman University

National Defense College of the Philippines

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

Occupation Soldier

Civil engineer

Religion United Church of Christ in the Philippines

Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslim separatists, communist insurgents and

military rebels, which renewed investor confidence in the Philippine economy. Ramos also aggressively

pushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and the privatization of bad government

assets. As a result of his hands-on approach to the economy, the Philippines was dubbed by various

international magazines and observers as Asia's Next Economic Tiger.

However, the momentum in the economic gains made under the Ramos Administration was briefly

interrupted during the onset of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Nevertheless, during the last year of the

term, the economy managed to make a rebound since it was not severely hit by the crisis as compared to

other Asian economies.

He is the only Filipino to receive an honorary British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, the GCMG or

the Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George. This was bestowed

to him by Queen Elizabeth II in 1995 for services to politics and government.

To date, Ramos is the first and only non-Catholic President of the Philippines. He belongs to the

Protestant United Church of Christ in the Philippines.

President

Joseph Estrada

13th President of the Philippines

3rd President of the Fifth Republic

Joseph "Erap" Ejercito

Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejercito on

April 19 1937) was the 13th President of

the Philippines, serving from 1998 until

2001. Estrada was the first person in

thePost-EDSA era to be elected both to

the presidency and vice-presidency.

Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in an acting career

spanning 33 years. He leveraged his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as mayor

of San Juan for seventeen years, as Senator for one term, then as Vice President of the Philippines under

the administration of President Fidel Ramos.

Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other

challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war"

Personal details

Born April 19, 1937 (age 74)

Tondo, Manila, Philippines

Political party PMP (1991-present)

Other political

affiliations

Nacionalista (1969–1987)

Liberal Party (1987–1991)

Spouse(s) Luisa Pimentel

Alma mater Ateneo de Manila University,

Mapúa Institute of Technology

Profession Actor

Businessperson

Politician

Religion Roman Catholicism

against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps.[1][2] However,

allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted

from a power grab after former Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr.allowed the prosecution to walk out of the

impeachment court when the Senator Judges voted no in the opening of the second envelope which is

not part of the impeachment complaint.

In 2007, he was sentenced by the special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusion perpetuafor plunder,

but was later granted pardon by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He ran for president anew in

the 2010 Philippine presidential election, but lost to then Senator Benigno Aquino III.

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

14th President of the Philippines

4th President of the Fifth Republic

Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born

April 5, 1947) is a Filipino politician who

served as the14th President of the

Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as

the 12th Vice President of the

Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representativesrepresenting

the 2nd District of Pampanga. She was the country's second female president (afterCorazón Aquino), and

the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal.

She was a former professor of economics at Ateneo De Manila University where Noynoy Aquinowas one

of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of

the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazón Aquino. After serving as a

Personal details

Born April 5, 1947 (age 64)

San Juan, Rizal, Philippines

Political party Lakas Kampi CMD (2009–present)

Other political

affiliations

LDP (Before 1998)

KAMPI (1997–2009)

Lakas-CMD (1998–2009)

Spouse(s) Jose Miguel Arroyo

Alma mater Georgetown University

Assumption College

Ateneo de Manila University

University of the Philippines

Profession Economist

Religion Roman Catholicism

senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidencyunder President Joseph Estrada,

despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her

cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the

president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by the EDSA Revolution of

2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001.

She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine elections, and

was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency she was elected to the House of

Representatives, making her the second Philippine president—after Jose P. Laurel—to pursue a lower

office after their presidency.

She is currently residing at La Vista Subdivision in Quezon City.

PROJECT INENGLISH

Submitted by:

Kimberly Sanchez

Submitted to:

Mrs. Felicidad B. Balimbin